Advanced Transport Processes

Tutorial Worksheet 6
30th November 2011
(a) Pure component nucleate boiling takes place on the surface of a 25 mm outer-diameter and 100 mm long horizontal tube immersed in a saturated liquid organic compound. The tube-wall temperature is 466.8 K and the system pressure is 312.3 kPa (abs). G L Cp,L L G kL 18.09 kg/m3 548 kg/m3 2820 J/kg K 1.48 104 Pa s 7.11 106 Pa s 0.068 W/m K hf g pc Tsat @ p = 312.3 kPa psat @ T = 466.8 K Mol weight 283.5 kJ/kg 2550 kPa 437.5 K 498.2 kPa 110.37 g/mol 8.2 103 N/m

(i) Calculate the heat transfer coefcient using the Forster-Zuber nucleate boiling correlation, the heat transfer rate and the rate of vapour generation. (ii) Calculate the heat transfer coefcient using the Mostinski correlations. Comment on the difference in the predictions for the heat transfer coefcient. (iii) Calculate the critical heat ux using both methods and check if the boiler heat ux (estimated using the Forster-Zuber correlations) is operating in a safe region. (b) Consider a ow of a partially condensed steam along a horizontal tube with a diameter of 2.54 cm and at a rate of 0.05 kg/s. The quality (ratio of gas to liquid mass ow rates) is x = 0.91 and the properties of each phase are given in the table below. L L 821.9 kg/m3 2.2788 104 Pa s G G 15 kg/m3 1.6903 105 Pa s

(i) Determine the ow pattern in the pipe. Is this region a desirable one in which to operate? (ii) Show that the vapour phase is turbulent and the liquid phase is laminar. (iii) Find the following expression for the Lockhart-Martinelli parameter X when the liquid phase is laminar and the vapour phase is turbulent. X 2 = 202.5 L GL G 0.75 D 0.25 1.75 G GG L

You can assume the pipe is smooth. You will need to start from the denition of the Lockhart-Martinelli parameter as the ratio of the pressure drops if the liquid or gas phase was owing alone in the pipe. X2 = (p/L)liq.only (p/L)gas.only

(iv) Calculate the two-phase pressure drop per unit length of the pipe.

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Advanced Transport Processes

Tutorial Worksheet 6

DATASHEET
Heat transfer Forster-Zuber pool-boiling coefcient
0.79 0.45 kL Cp,L 0.49 L (Tw Tsat )0.24 (pw ps )0.75 0.5 0.29 hf g 0.24 L G

hnb = 0.00122 Zuber critical heat ux

qc = 0.149 hf g 0.5 ( g (L G ))0.25 G Mostinski correlations: (Note, for these correlations the pressures are in units of bar) hnb = 0.104 p0.69 c q
0.7

1.8

p pc

0.17

+4

p pc

1.2

+ 10

p pc

10

Mostinski critical heat ux. qc = 3.67 10 pc Single-phase ow Darcy-Weisbach equation Cf v p = L R

2 4

p pc

0.35

p 1 pc

0.9

where Cf = 16/Re for laminar Newtonian ow and Re = v DH /. For turbulent ow of Newtonian uids in smooth pipes, we have the Blasius correlation Cf = 0.079 Re1/4 Multi-phase ow Pressure drop calculation ptwophase = 2 pliq.only = 2 pgasonly liq. gas Chisholms relation 2 = 1 + liq. c 1 + 2 X X 20 12 c= 10 5 turbulent liquid & turbulent gas laminar liquid & turbulent gas turbulent liquid & laminar gas laminar liquid & laminar gas

2 = 1 + c X + X 2 gas

30th November 2011

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Advanced Transport Processes

Tutorial Worksheet 6

Figure 1: Chhabra and Richardson ow pattern map in terms of the supercial velocities.

30th November 2011

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