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Gauge variability is unpredictability in the outcome of measurements of the same item using the same measurement system
Case 2
Different samples of the same item type Measurement system variability A single measuring instrument Different operators utilizing the measuring instrument
Balance Randomization
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Replication
Needed to estimate measuring instrument variability
Balance
The same number of measurements are conducted for each combination of part samples, operators, etc.
Randomization
The order of taking measurements is random uncontrollable influences are spread out
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Example - Case 1
20 samples of the same item type, One operator utilizing a single measuring instrument.
Measurement
Part #
1 2 3 4 5 6 17 18 19 20
1 21 24 20 27 19 23 20 19 25 19
2 20 23 21 27 18 21 20 21 26 19
x = 2 2 .3
R = 1 .0
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Example Case 1
There are two variance components:
Product sample variability Gauge variability
How can we quantify the variance components? What 2 2 total = 2 part of are we able to directly product + gauge estimate from the data collected?
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Example
Estimate the variance of measurement error reflected by differences in measurements of the same part:
2 gauge = = (1.0 / 1.128) 2 = 0.786 d
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Example
Can construct an R-Chart to evaluate if the measurement instrument is in control. Is the operator able to make consistent measurements?
Complete randomization is implemented. X-bar charts should show out-of-control points if the part measurements differ.
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Example
The distribution of measurement error is usually well approximated by a normal distribution. Estimate gauge capability:
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P / T Ratio =
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P =
M = 1 P =
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2 P SNR = = 1 P
2*
DR =
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Describe the measurement error that results from the use of this gauge (what does the R chart indicate?). Estimate total variability and product variability. What percentage of total variability is due to the gauge? If specifications are at 10015, find the P/T ratio for the gauge. Comment on the adequacy of the gauge.
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Example 8-9
An assemblies length is determined by the addition of the lengths of three components that make it up. x1, x2, and x3 are the lengths of the components (random variables) that are normally distributed with mean 1=1.00, 2=3.00, 3=2.00. If assembly specifications are 6.000.06 and we want a Cp 2.0, how does this affect the specifications for the components?
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Example 8-9
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Example 8-10
An axle must fit into a bearing. The internal diameter of the bearing x1, is normally distributed with a mean 1=1.500 inches, and standard deviation 1=0.0020. The external diameter of the axle x2, is normally distributed with a mean 2=1.480 inches, and standard deviation 2=0.0040.
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Example 8-10
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