Proyecto Wind La Ventosa Mexico

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.
CDM Executive Board

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CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD) Version 03 - in effect as of: 28 July 2006 CONTENTS A. B. C. D. E. General description of project activity Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology Duration of the project activity / crediting period Environmental impacts Stakeholders comments Annexes Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: Baseline information Annex 4: Monitoring plan
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1. CDM Executive Board
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SECTION A. General description of project activity A.1 Title of the project activity: >> Title: Eurus Wind Farm. Version: Version 5.0. Date: 20/11/2009
A.2.
Description of the project activity:
>> The Project activity consists in the development of a 250.5 MW renewable energy project in Mexico in the state of Oaxaca. The activity for this project is aimed at taking advantage of the available wind resources to provide renewable energy. Secondly, this energy can be sold to potential Mexican partners or clients seeking a cleaner and more sustainable method of power generation. A drop in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be also assured using this approach because less CO2 will be released into the atmosphere on due to the fact that less electricity will be produced at the fossil fuel power plants. The total power to be installed is 250.5 MW. Projects such as this one can be carried out since both the speed and quality of the wind resources in this area are ideal for the implantation of renewable energy at the proposed site for the project. In addition, the existence of already present High Voltage lines would make evacuation possibilities more feasible. Wind data are available at the Instituto de Investigaciones Elctricas (IIEE) these being recorded by a measurement tower installed in May 2000 at the location chosen for the future Wind Farm (La Venta). The coordinates of the measurement tower are as follows: 94 49 41 W and 16 34 31N. At the moment, the preliminary work phase on the wind farm construction is nearing conclusion. Wind measurements has been implemented, permits has been obtained and as soon as the project is registered as a CDM project financial close could be reached and as soon as final permits are granted, construction work can start. Both construction and operation of the wind farm will be performed by a private project developer using in-house technology and procedures. One of the main sources responsible for GHG emissions has always come from the energy sector. Economic and social developments of countries like Mexico are dependent on the energy generated from these plants. So one of the solutions to address the high GHG emissions generated by the energy sector is to consider the use of alternative energy resources such as the installation of wind power plants. Plants that offer low cost energy but are typically GHG intensive and often other harmful emissions are the basis for the expansion of electricity generation in countries with high growth rates. Wind energy could be a very interesting alternative in many of these countries, but so far has had to face overwhelming obstacles for its development. Installing what will probably be the biggest wind farm in Mexico to date will not only directly contribute to the development of renewable energies, but it will also serve as an example to show that in Latin America too, wind power plants are already close to commercial viability and will hopefully encourage others to develop similar projects.
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The project has already obtained the Generation Permit from the CRE on July 6 of 2006, available in internet and with the code number E/531/AUT/2006 which is available at http://www.cre.gob.mx/registro/permisos/electricidad/e531aut06.pdf. The project has also obtain the permission from the CRE to get access to the grid for the total capacity of the project, 250.5 MW having received the letter on September 22 of 2006. Environmental and social benefits other than GHG emission reductions In addition to lower GHG emissions, other environmental and social benefits would include: Enhancement of local grid performance; there will be fewer incidences of voltage drops and local power shortages through the use of local energy resources (wind) New jobs can be created in the area; particularly during the construction phase of the wind farm, and afterwards the jobs required for maintenance and operation during the expected service life of the wind farm Foreign capital will be attracted, yielding higher taxable income Less dependence and depletion of fossil fuels as energy sources Additional uses of land will be found, bringing in additional sources of income for landowners such as leasing, etc. without sacrificing current land use practices. Reduction of non-GHG emissions from replaced power generation
Boundaries In accordance with the baseline methodology chosen the following boundaries apply: For the determination of project activities only the site where the wind power plant is going to be installed is to be considered. The electricity grid that is relevant for the determination of baseline emissions was identified as the Mexican national grid.
A.3. Project participants: >> Name of Party involved (*) ((host) indicates a host Party)
Private and/or public Kindly indicate if the Party entity(ies) project participants involved wishes to be (*) (as applicable) considered as project participant (Yes/No) Eurus, S.A. de C.V. No
Govt. of Mxico (Host)

Table 1. Project participants
The project will be property of a specific purpose company, Eurus S.A. de C.V., property of CEMEX MEXICO S.A. de C.V. Eurus was established with the objective of promoting renewable energy projects. This is why Eurus is analyzing the feasibility of developing wind farms in Mexico, in its endeavour to be competitive with the energy price of cement plants and other industrial plants, supported by the income from the sale of the carbon credits. Eurus S.A. de C.V is a Sociedad Autoabastecedora (self-consumption entity), according to the resolution obtained on July 6th 2006, in a self consumption entity the shareholders will consume the energy generated by the wind farm. The total capital of the company is divided by 500 shares where TEG
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ENERGIA, S.A. de C.V. is the main shareholder with 498 shares; TEG ENERGIA, S.A. de C.V. is a 100% subsidiary of CEMEX MEXICO S.A de C.V. The rest of the shareholders are: CEMEX MEXICO, S.A. de C.V. with 1 share and INMOBILIARIA RIO LA SILLA, S.A. de C.V. with 1 share. This configuration is based on current renewable energy regulations. The self-consumption company will contract a project developer for construction, start-up, operation and maintenance. A.4. Technical description of the project activity:
The Project is a 250.5 MW wind power project, expected to produce 989.5 GWh per year, with a capacity factor of 45.1%. The minimum expected operational lifetime is 20 years. Eurus is studying several manufacturers to determine the most appropriate type of wind turbine, taking local factors into consideration to draw up optimal technical parameters aimed at guaranteeing sustainable development in accordance with the Mexican Environmental Permit. In this case it is expected to install wind turbines of 1,500 kW each. Total Power Rated Power per turbine Cut in-cut-out wind Nominal output at velocity Rated output Voltage No. of turbines Equivalent annual operating hours Annual Production Capacity factor Transmission line length Transmission line Voltage Wind Farm output transformer
Table 2. Power plant characteristics
250.5 MW 1,500 kW 3 / 25 m/s 13 m/s 690 V 166 3,950 989,5 GWh 45.1% 19 km 230 kV 34.5 kV/230 kV
A.4.1. Location of the project activity: >> A.4.1.1. >> Mexico. A.4.1.2. Region/State/Province etc.: Host Party(ies):
>> Oaxaca. Pacfico coast, Tehuantepec Istmo A.4.1.3. City/Town/Community etc: >> Juchitn de Zaragoza council, area La Venta
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A.4.1.4. Detail of physical location, including information allowing the unique identification of this project activity (maximum one page): >> The Project is located in La Venta windy region in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The site is near the municipality of Juchitn de Zaragoza. The Project will be built on land leased from private landowners extending for at least thirty (30) years. The coordinates for the last wind mast installed are: 94 49' 41 W and 16 34' 31 N. The wind farm extension will be approximately 1,825 ha around this wind mast.
Eurus wind farm 250.5 MW
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A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity: >> Grid connected Power Generation. Sectorial Scope 1. Energy Industries A.4.3. Technology to be employed by the project activity: >> After wind measurements and analysis, a pre-selection of appropriate wind turbines was carried out. Due after the relevant wind measurements and analysis were made, a pre-selection of appropriate wind turbines was carried out. Due to the extreme wind conditions at the site chosen, only a few models will be suitable for the purpose. The IT-1500 turbine is the type to be installed and will have a nominal capacity of 1,500 kW per turbine. The manufacturer is Ingeniera de Turbinas Elicas, S.A. (Ingetur). This turbine is a three-bladed rotor machine with asynchronous six-pole generators. The rated voltage of the generator for this wind turbine is 690V, with 690V/34.5kV each transformers. The line to be connected to the CFE transformer will be a 230 kV and 19 km long line, running from the wind farm control house to the CFE transformer. Annual generation is estimated to be 989.5 GWh per year. This output is based on the long-term forecast of the net equivalent annual hours (hours per year with full power yield). These net equivalent hours are estimated to be 3,950 hours per year, which implies a capacity factor of 45.1%.
A.4.4 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period: >> A fixed crediting period formula starting in October 1, 2008, has been selected, with an overall tCO2 emission reduction expected of 6,031,828 tCO2 for the wind farm.
Year Annual estimation of emission reductions in tonnes of CO2 e 152,035 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 451,148 6,031,828 10 Years 603,183
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2 e) Total number of crediting years Annual average over the crediting period of estimated reductions (tonnes of CO2 e)
Table 3. Emission reductions
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The amount of emission reductions achieved under the project will vary for each crediting year, depending on the total production measured. Our technical office took on the task of estimating the longterm forecast of net equivalent production hours that is the net hours at full power operation. This task is is essential since accurate energy output estimates must be made in order to determine the cash flows generated by the wind farm and thus determine the financing possibilities. Nevertheless, these estimates are conservative, and based on historical data taken from records of meteorological readings and data from wind measurement masts. For this wind farm a total equivalent of 3,950 hours per annum are estimated, which would yield 989.5 GWh per year (after installing the 250.5 MW). There would be an emission factor of 609,6 tCO2/GWh in total emission reductions (detailed information is given in Section B and Annex 3): Production CO2 emission reduction
Yearly 989.5 GWh 603,183 (average) Total (20089,895 GWh 6,031,828 2018) Table 4. Wind farm production and emission reductions
A.4.5. Public funding of the project activity: >> No public funding is used for this project activity.
SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the project activity: >> For the project activity, the approved baseline methodology used is ACM0002 Version 06, consolidated baseline methodology for grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources. B.2 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: >> This type of renewable energy project falls within the specifications set out for electricity capacity additions i.e. wind sources and therefore, the methodology proposed is suitable for this project. This methodology is designed for grid-connected wind power projects, as long as this does not involve switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy at the project activity site. The geographic and system boundaries for the relevant electricity grid are clearly marked and information on the grid characteristics is given in the Prospectiva del sector elctrico, prepared by the Secretara de energa. These boundaries include all the geographic areas and infrastructures within the entire Mexican territory, as well as energy exports and imports outside the Mexican energy system. The characteristics of the Mexican energy system as well as the energy exports and imports are public and can be found on the CFE web page: http://www.cfe.gob.mx/
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B.3. >>
Description of the sources and gases included in the project boundary

Source National Grid Gas CO2 CH4 N2O CO2 CH4 N2O Included? Yes No No Justification / Explanation
Baseline Emission
Conventional electricity generation from National Grid is based on fossil fuel power plants.
NA NA -
Project Activity
NA
Table 5. Sources and gases included in the project boundary
B.4. Description of how the baseline scenario is identified and description of the identified baseline scenario: >> The project focuses on an electric sector that is not dominated by power generation sources with zero or low operating costs such as hydro, geothermal, wind, solar, nuclear, and low-cost biomass. Furthermore, this fuel mix is expected to persist for the duration of the crediting period. Production percentages are shown below for the year 2004 and a forecast for 2014 for the methodology chosen, that is, lowcost/must run resources: hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation.
Fossil Fuel Nuclear Geothermal & wind Hydropower Total
2004 80.50% 4.40% 3.10% 12.00% 208,634 GWh
2014 86.10% 2.50% 2.50% 8.90% 348,170 GWh
Total % low/cost must run 2004 2014 19.50% 13.90%
Table 6. Source: Sener, Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014. Grfica 29. p. 81
The forecast for power installed in Mexico in 2008 is 51,320 MW, which is the year that the first stage operations will be commissioned, so the impact of 250.5 MW would not accounts for more than 0.49% of the systems generation mix of electricity. Moreover, the wind farm production factor is usually low. Project activity provides 45.1% of the output, so impact on the production mix will be even less. When wind power is installed it works as an additional energy source to the grid. Also Wind power as a resource is irregular. These arguments clearly indicate an unrealistic exception for any wind energy project to have the capacity to delivery a reliable supply of electricity which could be considered as a confident energy source in the Mexican electricity grid network. Therefore electricity generation from fossil fuels power plants is identified as the baseline scenario. B.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity (assessment and demonstration of additionality): >>
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The Project will reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions by supplying zero GHG emission power, which will displace conventional electricity generation. Based on official statistics and projections one can see that the electricity that would have to be generated in the absence of the Project would come basically from fossil power plants. The Project is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by 6,031,828 tCO2 during the 10 year crediting period, as described further in the document. The following table shows the official forecast of the Mexican electricity mix.
Power % as of 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (MW) 2014 Hydro 10,530 10,530 10,530 11,284 11,284 11,284 11,284 11,284 12,184 12,184 12,784 19.9% CC 12,040 13,289 15,691 16,859 17,518 19,198 20,856 22,298 24,234 25,262 25,262 39.3% Diesel 2,818 2,598 2,887 2,887 2,813 2,874 2,724 2,724 2,979 2,979 2,979 4.6% Internal 150 171 171 217 217 228 228 232 232 232 232 0.4% Wind 3 3 88 88 189 291 392 494 595 595 595 0.9% Free* 0 0 0 0 0 0 253 291 1,577 3,819 6,178 9.6% Fuel-Oil 13,983 12,610 12,386 12,346 12,271 12,271 10,512 10,054 9,068 8,718 8,402 13.1% Geo 960 960 960 960 960 960 1,010 1,010 1,010 1,010 1,010 1.6% Coal 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300 5.1% Dual 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 2,100 3.3% Nuclear 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365 2.1% Total 46,552 46,228 48,780 50,708 51,320 53,173 54,026 55,154 58,646 61,567 64,210 100.0% Table 7. Source: Sener. Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014 Cuadro 31 p. 79; *: Free means that the exact type of power plant is not defined yet. Free power plants are simulated as natural gas power plants.
Wind power installations will comprise 0.9% of the total power installed within the Mexican energy system in 2014 (not included in the power installed in project) according to long-term planning estimates. Thus power produced from this project will have zero impact on baseline calculations. The Mexican energy system will be mainly based on Combined Cycle and Thermal Power Plants. The percentage of hydro power estimates will reach approximately 20% by 2014. It also has to be noted that the contribution of wind power to the generation system of almost 600 MW from 2012 onwards is very unlikely to happen if these plants do not receive some sort of direct or indirect financial support, e.g. in the form of CERs for CDM projects or as demonstration projects financed by the national government. Analysis of the additionality of the project Wind energy in Mexico would be the perfect complement to CDM projects because of its added value. This statement is fairly obvious since all wind farms are being developed as CDM projects in Mexico. It can be concluded that wind energy is not a particularly attractive proposition in the business-as-usual scenario. To demonstrate its additionality, the Tool for demonstration and assessment of additionality approved has been used, following all steps defined. These steps will demonstrate that the project activity is not the baseline scenario. Step 0. Preliminary screening based on the starting date of the project activity The crediting period of the project activity will start after the registration of the project activity, so step 0 does not apply to the project activity Step 1. Identification of alternatives to the project activity consistent with current laws and regulations
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Definition of alternative scenarios to the project activity that otherwise could be implemented in case that the project activity does not reach its operative status. Sub-step 1a. Define alternatives to the project activity The output of the project activity is emission-free electricity production to be exported to the Mexican electricity grid. The alternatives are other power plants having to provide electricity for the same end user. The alternative scenarios include: 1. The proposed project activity not undertaken as a CDM project activity, this being a 250.5 MW wind power plant with 3,950 net equivalent production hours that does not obtain CERs from CDM registration. 2. Power generation plants from renewable sources with equivalent electricity output within the Mexican electrical system, like biomass or minihydro power plants. Due to the size of the project activity, hydropower plants could only be a viable alternative if there was either a group of minihydro power plants or at least one large hydropower plant. 3. Continuation of the current situation: Eurus does not implement the project; its designated customers continue purchasing the electricity from the National grid. Sub-step 1b. Enforcement of applicable laws and regulations When considering the construction a power plant, public tenders are called by the CFE (Comisin Federal de la Energa de Mxico) in which the developer must participate. Thus, any kind of project coming from renewable sources would have to compete against conventional energies within a certain price context, making this an unfeasible venture. In order to encourage the private investor to develop power plants from renewable sources, the CRE (Comisin Reguladora de Energa) has created different formulas in lieu of participating in public tenders. These formulas are described in article 36 from "Ley del Servicio Pblico de Energa Elctrica" and can be found at: http://www.sener.gob.mx/wb2/SenerNva/mjMal2 Self-consumption (autoabastecimiento): For self-consumption purposes, it is possible to create a company co-owned by the power generator and the consumer following some specific rules. The energy not used by the consumer can be stored in a "virtual storage" managed by CFE, so realtime generation does not have to exactly match with real-time consumption. Total energy generated not used by the consumer has to be sold to CFE at a fixed price. Cogeneration (cogeneracin): For power generation combined with steam or other thermal energy production or both. It is obligatory that the efficiency of the total of generation and electricity and heat consumption is higher than each part independently. Independent production (produccin independiente): It is needed to mandatory sell the energy to CFE at a fixed price, and to be included in CFE expansion plans. Small energy producers (pequea produccin): for power plants smaller than 30MW of installed power.
The only way to turn a Project activity or other renewable energy alternative into a feasible proposition is to create a Self-consumption Company. This is carried out by having the consumer wishing to participate in the project purchase at least one share in the projects company. Either alternative, 1 or 2 would have to use this formula. The creation of these formulas was developed to promote small independent entities investing in renewable energies.
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The other alternatives would also comply with the regulation in place, following the "Ley del Sector Pblico de Energa Elctrica": Power generation plants from renewable sources with equivalent electricity output within the Mexican electrical system, like biomass or minihydro power plants, would be included in the same formula as wind energy (Autoabastecimiento - Self-comsumption). It goes without saying that the non-realization of any project by Eurus, i.e. the continued purchase of electricity from the grid by its designated customers, complies with all legal requirements.
Step 2. Investment analysis The Additionality of the project is justified by using the barrier analysis in the Step 3, so Step 2 should not be applicable. In any case we provide investment information here in Step 2 (Investment analysis). Therefore information provided here in Step 2, should be only considered as complementary information. This step will demonstrate that the proposed project activity is economically or financially less attractive than the other alternatives in the event the project activity does not bring in the expected revenue from the sales of certified emission reductions. Sub-step 2a. Determine appropriate analysis method The project activity generates incomes other than CDM related income, so a straight forward cost analysis cannot be applied. Instead, the investment comparison analysis will be used. Sub-step 2b. Option II Application of the investment comparison analysis For the investment comparison analysis, the IRR is the main indicator for comparing all the scenarios under this analysis. The equity IRR will be used, since it reflects the return on equity investors and includes all amounts and costs of debt financing, which is a key issue for this project activity. We consider the equity IRR more suitable for the analysis than any other of the indicators the Additionality Tool mentions. Sub-step 2c. Calculation and comparison of financial indicators Eurus will have to sell the electricity at a competitive price level. In order to define that competitive level, the project has defined a maximum price to pay equal to the actual cost of electricity from the grid, for its designated customer. All the financial analyses have been developed using that maximum achievable price, so the model is conservative Several cement plants of CEMEX are potential energy consumers. Those cement plants are currently buying that electricity from the National grid. A fair and transparent approach to calculate the value of the electricity from the wind power plant is to calculate the reduction of payments by the cement plants to the utility, CFE. These payments (per kWh of electricity from the wind power plant) are mainly determined by the tariff; average electricity prices by region and tariff type are publicly available. However, there are two effects that have to be taken into account and that make it necessary to discount the average tariff considerably:
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1. Due to their ability to significantly reduce power demand during hours of peak-load tariff CEMEXs cement plants achieve a noticeable reduction of average electricity costs per kWh vs. the average of all consumers. 2. As the national grid still serves as a virtual storage for electricity and backup, the plants will not eliminate all their payments to CFE; the costs for maximum power capacity (as opposed to energy) are going to be partially affected only and with unforeseeable fluctuations. This means that part of the average electricity cost per kWh (as per CFE tariff) cannot be offset by the electricity from the wind power plant. As a result of both effects the price of the cement plants is 7% lower than the standard CFE tariff, because of that the maximum price that the cement plants are willing to pay for the electricity (and therefore the maximum achievable price) would be that price. In order to be conservative the business model uses this 7% discount over the CFE tarif The CFE tariff average for the potential cement plants is the following:
Cement plants Region Tariff H-SL H-TL H-SL H-S H-SL H-SL H-SL H-TL H-SL H-SL H-SL H-SL H-TL H-SL HM CFE tariff average 2005 (cUS$/kWh) 7.0391 6.7964 6.8882 8.1045 7.2582 7.3409 7.2082 6.8545 7.2082 7.2655 6.8545 7.1636 5.4418 7.1636 8.8791 6.8560
Planta CPN (Hermosillo, Son) Sonora Planta Yaqui (Hermosillo, Son) Sonora Planta Mrida (Mrida, Yuc) Yucatn Planta Hidalgo (Hidalgo, NL) Nuevo Len Planta Monterrey Nuevo Len (Monterrey,NL) Planta Torren (Torren,Coah) Coahuila Planta Valles (Valles,SLP) San Luis Potos Planta Huichapan Hidalgo (Huichapan,Hgo) Planta Tamuin (Tamuin, SLP) San Luis Potos Planta Barrientos (Barrientos, Estado de Mxico Edo Mex) Planta Atotonilco (Atotonilco, Hidalgo Hgo) Planta Zapotiltic (Zapotiltic, Jal) Jalisco Planta Tepeaca (Tepeaca, Pue) Puebla Planta Guadalajara (Guadalajara, Jalisco Jal) Inmobiliaria Ro La Silla, S.A. de C.V. Nuevo Len Average tariff Table 8. CFE tariff for the cement plants 2005. Source: CFE annual tariff. http://aplicaciones.cfe.gob.mx/aplicaciones/ccfe/tarifas/tarifas/tarifas.asp?anio=2005
So the energy price in PPA will be indexed to the CFE tariff average of the cement plants minus the defined discount ( 7% ) : Tariff (US$/MWh) CFE tariff - 7%
Year 1 to year 20
Table 9. Energy price in PPA.
The equivalent base load price for 2008 that the cement plants are expecting is around 69 US$/MWh (a 7% discount on CFE tariff and also considering the inflation factor around 3%). On a 20-year project basis, this price would yield: Annual Production (MWh/year) Average price (US$/MWh) Annual income (US$) 989,475 69 67,940,629
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Total investment (US$) Project duration (years) Income tax IRR (%) without CERs sales IRR (%) with CERs sales (12 $/tCO2)
Table 10. Financial characteristics.
397,668,750 20 28% 11.76% 15.10%
The IRR of the project would make it unfeasible. Extra income from CERs sales of between 5 to 25 US$/tCO2 will bring the project's IRR to a reasonable level, and would make the project feasible. At the currently assumed level of price of CERs, the increase on the IRR equity of the project is 3.34%, enough to reach the Required Rate of Return (RRR) for financing the project. Sub-step 2d. Sensitivity analysis The main driver for performing a sensitivity analysis would be the price of the tCO2 in organized markets. The increment of the IRR for scenarios with different price of CO2: Price of tCO2 (US$/tCO2)
5 10 2.74% 15 4.17% 20 5.74% 25 7.31%
Projects IRR increment
1.35%
Table 11. Increase on IRR with different scenarios.
Other drivers that could have impact on the project activity: Changes in long-term energy mix strategy Changes in financial situation in Mexico
These scenarios are very unlikely to occur, and they have no impact on the decision-making process. Step 3. Barrier analysis Sub-step 3a. Identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of type of the proposed project activity Financial barriers The project is now in its final stages of development. Since there is no premium of any kind for energy from renewable sources such as there is the case in other countries like Germany, Spain, Italy, etc., it is very difficult to negotiate a sales price to ensure an attractive IRR for the project or obtain project financing. Moreover, investment banks will be more inclined to provide financing in the project if it is registered and there is additional income coming from CER sales. Having emission rights is only way to make this project feasible, thus providing extra income for each MWh produced, and ensure a stronger bargaining position with financial institutions.
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Common Practice barriers Currently, the use of wind power in Mexico is restricted to some small plants having a total capacity of around 2 MW (a 7-turbine 1.58 MW plant at La Venta and a single-turbine 0.6 MW plant at Guerrero Negro, see Programa de obras e inversiones del Sector Elctrico 2005-2014", published by CFE). The main driver for other projects announced in the recent past is the CDM mechanism that provides additional income and makes these projects viable. Official projections forecast growth of wind energy up to almost 600 MW by 2012; however, since in all other countries wind plants still need some kind of support to be viable (such as preferential feed-in tariffs in e.g. Germany and Spain, Production Tax Credits in the US, renewable energy obligations in the UK and some parts of the US) it appears highly improbable that this development of wind power in Mexico would happen without some sort of direct or indirect support, be it in the form of CERs from CDM projects or as government-financed demonstration and test sites. New power installation is planned by CFE to be mainly from fossil fuel power plants. This underlines that wind farms cannot be considered business-as-usual in Mexico for the time being. Sub-step 3b. Show that the identified barriers would not prevent the implementation of at least one of the alternatives (except the project activity). None of the barriers mentioned applies to the continuation of the current practice (electricity purchase from CFE). It should be mentioned that similar barriers apply to alternative 2 (renewable energy other than wind); these plants are also intensive in capital investment and offer a low profitability. In addition, their potential in Mexico is at the moment restricted by a lack of suitable sites (hydropower) and fuel (biomass plants). There are therefore no realistic alternatives to a wind farm of the proposed size. Step 4. Common practice analysis Sub-step 4a. Analyze other activities similar to the proposed project activity. There are no other activities similar to the project activity in Mexico without CDM support. Sub-step 4b. Discuss any similar options that are occurring. No other activities are observed. Similar projects that have been recently announced all rely on additional income from registration as a CDM project in order to overcome existing barriers. Step 5. Impact of CDM registration. As explained in steps 2 and 3, the approval and registration of the project activity as a CDM activity will alleviate both economic and financial hurdles related to the project activity. The IRR of the project is significantly higher, and the additional revenues from CER sales make it much easier to obtain the necessary financing and reduce the financial risk due to the different nature of these revenues (diversification of cash flow, e.g. CER-related income is independent from CFE tariffs). B.6. Emission reductions: B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices:
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>> The baseline scenario represents the electricity that would have otherwise been generated by the operation of the grid-connected power plants and by the addition of new generation sources. For the calculation of the emission factor, which will yield the total equivalent CO2 emission reduction for the whole crediting period, a Combined Margin (CM) will be used, in accordance with the approved methodology ACM0002. This Combined Margin is divided in two parts, the Operating Margin (OM) and the Build Margin (BM). Given the fact that in recent years mainly combined cycle base load plants have been built in Mexico that cannot feasibly be substituted by wind power, the BM is probably heavily overrepresented in this baseline. However, as the OM is significantly higher than the BM this means that the emission reductions achieved by the project are notably underestimated, i.e. they are calculated in a very conservative way. For wind and solar projects, the default weights are as follows: wOM = 0.75 and wBM = 0.25 (owing to their intermittent and non-dispatchable nature). For the calculation of these two terms (BM and OM), the information used can be found in the Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014; 2004-2013; 2003-2012, prepared by the Secretara de energa.. These documents can be accessed at http://www.energia.gob.mx/ Step 1. Calculate the Operating Margin emission factor (EFOM) The Operating Margin refers to the actual generation mix according to source installed in Mexico. The total fuel consumption for generation is divided into the different types of power plants, in order to determine the weighted average of the actual CO2 emissions in Mexico. For its calculations, the simple OM method has been selected from the four options proposed in the approved methodology ACM0002. Dispatch data analysis would be more accurate and therefore preferable, but this method cannot be applied for this project owing to lack of available published data. To be able to use the Dispatch data analysis method, the hourly generation-weighted average emissions per electricity unit (tCO2/MWh) of a set of plants in the top 10% of the grid system dispatch order is needed. For confidentiality reasons, hourly-based dispatch order generation is not publicly available, so this method cannot be used for calculating the Operating Margin emission factor. The reason for selecting the simple OM method over the other two methods (simple adjusted OM or Average OM) is that the low-cost/must run resources in Mexico are well below 50% of total grid generation in both the average of the five most recent years and in the long-term normal for hydroelectricity production:
1998 1999 2000 2001 Hydro 14.40% 18.08% 17.16% 14.43% CC 7.71% 8.58% 9.21% 12.87% Diesel 0.64% 1.15% 2.71% 2.77% Internal 0.18% 0.21% 0.22% 0.24% Wind 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Fuel-Oil 5.2% 47.04% 46.63% 45.86% Geo 3.31% 3.11% 3.06% 2.82% Coal 10.50% 10.09% 9.70% 9.42% Dual 7.42% 6.21% 7.04% 7.16% Nuclear 5.42% 5.53% 4.26% 4.43% Low-cost/must 23.13% 26.72% 24.49% 21.68% run % Table 12. Source: Sener. Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014. Cuadro 17. p. 58
2002 12.37% 22.26% 3.18% 0.28% 0.00% 39.44% 2.68% 8.03% 6.90% 4.85% 19.90%
2003 9.70% 27.04% 3.41% 0.37% 0.00% 36.23% 3.09% 8.19% 6.81% 5.16% 17.95%
2004 12.02% 34.64% 1.33% 0.29% 0.00% 31.79% 3.15% 8.57% 3.79% 4.41% 19.58%
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The average low-cost/must run generation resource in the last seven years is 21.92%, well below the 50% threshold defined by the baseline methodology. Coal is not included under the low-cost/must run category, because the Mexican coal-fired power plants cannot be considered must-run plants (for example, the largest coal-fired plant, Carbn II en Nava, in 2004 produced with a capacity factor of 72% - this being clearly below what a must-run plant would achieve). Therefore the Simple OM method can be used to calculate the baseline emissions. In addition, data for calculating the emission factor using the simple OM method are very robust and reliable. In accordance with the approved methodology chosen, the simple OM method has been finally chosen to determine the relevant operating margin. The Simple OM emission factor can be calculated using either of the two following data vintages for year (s) y: A 3-year average, based on the most recent statistics available at the time of PDD submission (ex-ante), or The year in which project generation occurs, if EFOM is updated based on ex post monitoring.
We have chosen the first option because the yearly statistics provided by Sener that are necessary to calculate the OM ex post are published normally more than one year after the end of the reporting year, leading to large delays between emission reduction on the one hand and monitoring, verification and issuance of CERs on the other. Another reason to choose this option is that ex ante monitoring is simpler for the project development and also for the emission reduction verification. For determining the Operating Margin (OM) emission factor, it is necessary to determine the net electricity imports. There are no imports from other systems inside Mexico. The Mexican electricity imports and exports with other electric systems in other countries (imports from USA and exports to Belize) are:
2003 2004 % of total generation 0.03% 0.47%
Imports (GWh) 71 47 Exports (GWh) 953 1,006 Net Exchange (GWh) 882 959 Table 13. Source: Sener. Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014. Cuadro 13 p. 50
Imports and exports of electricity are treated as defined in the methodology: For imports from an on-line electricity system located in another country, the emission factor is 0 tCO2/MWh in order to ensure a conservative approach. Electricity exports will not be subtracted from electricity generation data used for calculating the baseline emission factor. For calculating the Simple OM, the generation-weights average emission per electricity unit (tCO2/MWh) of all generating sources serving the system excluding the low-cost/must run generation units is used:
F
EFOM , y =
i, j
i , j , y .COEFi , j
GEN
j
j, y
Where: Fi,j,y is the consumption of fuel i (in TJ) by fuel sources j in year y
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j, refers to the power sources delivering electricity to the grid, not including low-operating cost and mustrun power plants, and including imports to the grid, COEFi,j,y is the CO2 emission coefficient of fuel i in tCO2/TJ GENj,y is the electricity in MWh delivered to the grid by the j source This COEFi,j (in tC/TJ) can be found in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Workbook,. Data for Fij can be found in TJ/day in the three Prospectivas so total annual consumption per fuel source can be calculated by multiplying by 365. Step 2. Calculate the Build Margin emission factor (EFBM,) as the generation-weighted average emission factor (tCO2/GWh) of a sample of power plants m, as follows:
F
EFBM , y =
i,m
i ,m, y
.COEFi , m
m, y
GEN
m
Where Fi ,m , y , COEFi ,m and method above for plants m.
GEN m , y are analogous to the variables described for the simple OM
This sample for power plants can be chosen from the two options proposed under the methodology. We have chosen Option 1. Calculate the Build Margin emission factor EFBM , y ex-ante based on the most recent information available on plants already built for sample group m at the time of PDD submission. For this option, the sample has to be either: Option A: The five power plants that have been built most recently. Option B: Or the power plants capacity additions in the electricity system that comprises 20% of the system generation (in MWh) and that have been built most recently.
Technology Hydro CC GT IC Capacity (MW) 900 623 429 10,8 Annual generation (GWh) 100,1 3.253,9 115,7 22,0
Table 14. Annual generation data of last 6 power plants by technology. Source: CFE.
Total generation from these 6 plants is 3,492 GWh, which does not reach the 20% of total system generation in 2004 (20% of 208,634GWh: 41,727GWh), then the Option B represents the higher annual production. Therefore, Option B has been chosen to calculate the Build Margin. B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation: (Copy this table for each data and parameter) Data / Parameter: EFy Data unit: tCO2/GWh Description: Emission factor ex-ante Source of data used: Revised 1996 IPCC, CFE and Sener: Prospectiva del Sector Elctrico 20052014, Prospectiva del Sector Elctrico 2004-2013 and Prospectiva del Sector Elctrico 2003-2012. Value applied: 609,6 tCO2/GWh Justification of the We have chosen the emission factor ex ante because is simpler for the project choice of data or development and also for the emission reduction verification. description of
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measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment:
The procedures applied are provided in Annex 3.
B.6.3 Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions: >> Using the approved methodology ACM0002 Version 06, we take data of the specific energy consumption by fuel type directly calculated by SENER in Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014; Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2004-2013 and Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2003-2012 . The emission coefficient factor by fuel type is determined in tCO2/TJ instead of tCO2/mass or volume.
The Operating Margin emission factor calculation for 2002 is 712.4 tCO2/GWh (see details in Annex 3) The Operating Margin emission factor calculation for 2003 is 700.7 tCO2/GWh (see details in Annex 3) The Operating Margin emission factor calculation for 2004 is 649.1 tCO2/GWh (see details in Annex 3)
The 3-year weighted average Operating Margin is 687.0 tCO2/GWh (see details in Annex 3) The Build Margin is calculated based on yearly statistics provided by the Mexican Energy Ministry SENER (Prospectiva del Sector Elctrico 2005 2014, Prospectiva del Sector Elctrico 2004 2013, Prospectiva del Sector Elctrico 2003 2012, available at http://www.energia.gob.mx/wb2/Sener/Sene_185_publicaciones). These statistics provide data on newly built plants (name, capacity, type of plant, location) as well as production data (total capacity, type of fuel used, capacity factor) for the most recent year. Methodology: Since the source used does not provide information on the exact date when new plants went online the following approach was taken: Definitions: y : is the most recent year for which statistics on electricity production at plant level are available. Calculation: a) Order all the plants that were commissioned most recently according to the following criteria: 1. year of commissioning, starting with the most recent year, 2. plants with same year of commissioning by carbon intensity (emission factor per unit of electricity produced), starting with the lowest carbon intensity, 3. Plants with same year of commissioning and same carbon intensity by electricity generation in year y. Plant 1 is therefore the plant with the lowest emission factor that was commissioned in the last year in which new plants were commissioned.
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b) Calculate the contribution of each technology to the total generation in year y. Add the fraction from technology 1 following the order defined in a) until the cumulative fraction reaches 20% for the first time. The plants included in this group define the sample to be analyzed. c) Calculate the average emission factor of the sample, weighted with the generation in year y. The result of this approach applied to the situation in Mexico with most recent data (production in 2004) is shown in Table 12 (See details in Annex 3). Excluded from the analysis are all power plants for which no plant specific data are available in the official statistics; these plants either do not produce for the national grid or they are too small to be shown separately. The former do not contribute to the national grid factor, the exclusion of the latter is defendable as a conservative approach because in this case all of them are fossil fired plants that have at least the same emission factor as the larger plants that are included in the analysis of the build margin. The following plants have been used to calculate the BM: Name 2004 Additions: Chicoasn (Manuel Moreno Torres) Rio Bravo III PIE El Sauz* Tuxpan (Pdte. Adolfo Lpez Mateos) San Lorenzo Potencia Guerrero Negro II 2003 Additions: Los Azufres Los Azufres Tuxpan III y IV (PIE) Altamira III y IV (PIE) Mexicali (PIE) Transalta Campeche (PIE) Naco Nogales (PIE) Transalta Chihuahua III (PIE) 2002 Additions: Hol Box Bajo Altamira II Ro Bravo II Monterrey III Valle de Mxico El Sauz El Encino Capacity (MW) 900 495 128 163 266 10.8 79.8 26.8 983 1036 489 252.4 258 259 0.8 591.7 495 495 449 249.3 129 130.8 Technology Hydro CC CC GT GT IC Geo Geo CC CC CC CC CC CC IC CC CC CC CC GT/CC GT/CC GT
Table 14. Source: Sener. Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014 Cuadro 14 p.51; Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2004-2013 Cuadro 9 p.44 and Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2003-2012 Cuadro 8 p.41. Abbreviations: Hydro: hydropower plant; Geo: geothermal plant, CC: combined cycle plant, fuelled with natural gas, GT: Gas turbine, fuelled with natural gas. . IC: Internal combustion.
The technical data of typical power plants are given in the source as follows: Capacity (MW) 1 x 42.6 1 x 85 Efficiency (%) 37.55 29.76
Gas turbine
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Diesel
Combined Cycle
1 x 190 1 x 261 1 x 41.4 3 x 3.4 3 x 13.5 2 x 18.7 1 x 290 1 x 581 1 x 388 1 x 776
33.81 35.73 38.08 43.53 47.35 47.61 51.85 52.03 52.46 52.58
Table 15. Technical data of typical fossil power plants of the types installed in the last years. Best-in-class values are highlighted. Source: Sener. Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014 Cuadro 40 p.94
The emission factor average for the power plants capacity additions in the electricity system that comprises 20% of the system generation (in MWh) and that have been built most recently will be the BM factor: Total annual generation for the power plants: 208,634 GWh. Using a conservative approach, we take the most efficient example (lowest emission factor) of the respective technology for all new power plants installed, this being 52.58% for combined cycle plants, 38.08% for gas turbines and 47.61% for internal combustion power plants. In those cases where the statistics show a combination of gas turbine and combined cycle, a combined cycle is assumed. For details on the calculation see Annex 3) BM factor: 377.3 tCO2/GWh (See details in Annex 3) Step 3. Calculate the baseline emission factor EF The baseline emission factor is calculated as the weighted average of the Operating Margin emission factor and the Building Margin emission factor. For wind and solar projects, the default weights are as follows: wOM = 0.75 and wBM = 0.25 (owing to their intermittent and non-dispatchable nature). Thus, the ex-ante baseline emission factor will be: 0.75*687.0 + 0.25* 377.3 = 609.6 tCO 2/GWh This baseline emission factor is the same emission factors for all the years in the crediting period. Emission Reductions: The emission reduction by the project activity is the difference between the baseline emissions, project emissions and emissions due to leakage. Since there are no project emission and no emission due to leakage, the emission reductions will be the baseline emission. This baseline emission is the baseline emission factor multiplied by the energy generation. Baseline emission factor: 609.6 tCO 2/GWh Annual generation (once the 250.5 MW are operating): 989.5 GWh Baseline Emissions: 603,183 tCO 2/year B.6.4 Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions:
>> Total emission reduction during the crediting period: 6,031,828 tCO 2 (See Annex 3)
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Estimation of emission reductions:

Year Estimation of project activity emissions (tonnes of CO2 e) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Estimation of baseline emissions (tonnes of CO2 e) 152,035 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 451,148 6,031,828 Estimation of leakage (tonnes of CO2 e) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Estimation of overall emission reductions (tonnes of CO2 e) 152,035 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 603,183 451,148 6,031,828
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total (tonnes of CO2 e)
Table 16. Ex-ante estimation emission reductions.
The registration of the project will take place before its commissioning, so there will be no emission reductions prior to its registration. B.7 Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan: B.7.1 Data and parameters monitored:
(Copy this table for each data and parameter) Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data applied for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied: QA/QC procedures to be applied: EGy MWh Electricity supplied to the grid by the project Wind farm and electricity bill 989,475 MWh
Electricity supplied by the project activity to the grid. Double check by receipt of sales (do not taking into account the transportation electric losses). Calibrated metering by CFE. This data will be directly used for calculation of emission reductions. The metering equipment will be properly calibrated and checked periodically for accuracy, to ensure that any error resulting from such equipment shall not exceed +0.2% of full-scale rating. To guarantee QA/QC, it will be double checked by receipts of electricity sales. The data will be archived in electronic way. Archived data kept during the crediting period and two years later.
Any comment:
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Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data applied for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied: QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment:
Employment Number. Number of employees at 31 of December every year. Eurus S.A. de C.V. Accounting Department NA
NA
NA The data will be archived in electronic way. Archived data kept during the crediting period and two years later. Local Taxes. MEX$. Total local tax paid associated with the project activity Eurus S.A. de C.V. Accounting Department NA
Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data applied for the purpose of calculating expected emission reductions in section B.5 Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied: QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment:
NA
NA The data will be archived in electronic way. Archived data kept during the crediting period and two years later.
In addition it will be attached to these variables of the monitoring plan, the periodical reports send to the SEMARNAT (Environmental authorities) according to the Environmental Impact study, as well as the periodical reports and audits that the SEMARNAT could carried out. This reports and visit will we record and register and attached to the monitoring plan. B.7.2 Description of the monitoring plan:
>> The project meets the applicability criteria under the monitoring methodology, ACM0002 Version 06 Consolidated baseline methodology for grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources. This methodology is designed for Power plants using wind resources, among others.
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The methodology is appropriate for the project activity because: There is suitable capacity for the addition of electricity coming from wind resources. There is sufficient and clear information given to identify the geographic and system boundaries for the relevant electricity grid in which the project activity is to be developed. Information on the characteristics of the grid is available from the Comisin Federal de Energa (CFE).
For this purpose and in accordance with monitoring methodology, the information that needs to be monitored shall include the electricity generation from the proposed project activity, measured from the control house on site. Electricity losses related to transportation will not be considered since CFE is the owner of the transmission line, therefore they are responsible of those electricity losses. Total electricity generation energy will be monitored by Eurus S.A. de C.V., at the end of every month. An annual report of total generation for each year will be produced by Eurus S.A. de C.V. Data will be obtained from the power meters located at the EURUS substation. These meters comply with the Mexican Law. CFE defines the local standards and parameters to be followed in the electricity generation sector. For the emission reductions calculation, it will be used the following formula: Annual emission reduction = (project activitys annual electricity dispatched to the grid) * (CO2 emission factor (Ex-ante) of the estimated baseline) Monitoring the generation output from the project activity (MWh)
In order to monitor the generation output of the wind farm, the measurement systems from the control panel of the wind farm will be used. To check the generation output, the electricity measured will be compared with the electricity bill. Further details are discussed in Annex 4.
This figure describes the operational and management structure that will monitor emissions reductions generated by the project activity.
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Managing Director
CDM Team (CO2 Solutions)
Review, Elaborate Monitoring Report
Regional Service Heads
Check, authorize & forward monitoring data Monitor Record, Report and archive
O&M Team
B.8 Date of completion of the application of the baseline study and monitoring methodology and the name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies) >> Date of completion: October 2006 Name of entity determining the baseline: CO2 Global Solutions International S.A. See contact information in Annex 1. SECTION C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period C.1 Duration of the project activity:
C.1.1. Starting date of the project activity: >> The operation of the whole 250.5 MW will start operations 01/10/2008.
C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the project activity:

>> The project activity is expected to have a minimum lifetime of 20 years from starting date; this is, until the end of 2028.
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C.2
Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. Renewable crediting period C.2.1.1. Starting date of the first crediting period:
>> N/A C.2.1.2. >> N/A C.2.2. Fixed crediting period: C.2.2.1. >> 01/01/2009 C.2.2.2. >> 10 years SECTION D. Environmental impacts >> D.1. Documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts, including transboundary impacts: >> Eurus S.A. de C.V. carried out an environmental impact assessment (EIA) including physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural components. The reference number is 20OA2006E0001. You can consult in SEMARNATs web site: www.semarnat.gob.mx. . Summary of the Environmental Impact Assessment Eurus wind farm will generate energy from wind resources. The location of the project activity will be in La Venta (Oaxaca). In order to achieve the major social benefits Eurus will employ the most advanced technology. Other goals would be achieved by the project: Additional uses of land will be found, bringing in additional sources of income for landowners such as leasing, etc. without sacrificing current land use practices. Renewable energy sources provide future generations with environmentally friendly fuel alternatives that protect the environment. The project activity will create jobs in the local area during the construction and operation phases. Length: Starting date: Length of the first crediting period:
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The project site has been chosen accurately to install the wind turbines in those places where the negative impacts were the minimum possible. The existing ways and roads will be used to install the whole power plant. This area is not considered as Important Bird Conservation Area (rea de Importancia para la Conservacin de las Aves, AICAS). In this area, migratory routes and biological paths do not exist. The project location is not registered as a protected natural area, ecological park or forestry protected zone. A programme will be implemented to monitor the affected birds and bats. The programme of preventive and corrective measurement that will be implemented was developed to reduce the level of negative impacts to acceptable levels in general, and moderated with regard to the disturbances in fauna and vegetation. A programme will be implemented to reforest with local species the affected areas. The simultaneous assessment of the magnitude and importance of both the positive and negative impacts of the project leads to the conclusion that the benefits (energy improvements and benefit from operation of the wind farm) surpass the possible negative environmental disturbances.
D.2. If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or the host Party, please provide conclusions and all references to support documentation of an environmental impact assessment undertaken in accordance with the procedures as required by the host Party: >> Following the legal review, the 250.5 MW Eurus wind farm Project was approved by the Mexican Ministry of Environment (Semarnat), resolution number S.G.P.A./DGIRA/DDT/2377/06 dated November 29, 2006 under several conditions. In accordance with the terms and conditions of the resolution, an Environmental Program (EP) has been submitted to SEMARNAT on October 2, 2006. The Environmental Program includes a study on birds, bats and a bird nesting reforestation strategy in the area. A birds and bats survey will focus on gathering information on resident and migratory birds and bats at the project site during both the site preparation and construction phases also a vertebrate survey will be carried out. The possible impact during the project operation will be assessed by counting the birds and bats fatalities due to collisions with the wind turbines. Periodically reports must be submitted to SEMARNAT which ensures that the projects is being handled according to the Environmental Plan, also visits from the authorities to the site guarantee the correct implementation of the project. The studies that are being develop will help the environmental authorities to have a better knowledge of the birds and bats behaviour, this is being a mayor investments not only related to the specific area of the project but which covers a wider area with the solely intention of getting a much better knowledge of nature who will help for the sustainable development in the whole region. Environmental Program An Environmental Program (EP) will be developed to mitigate the environmental impacts. The EP will include the following terms: 1. As the lack of specific information about the population of migratory and resident birds in the area of the project activity, a study on birds and bats and a bird nesting reforestation strategy will
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be carried out. This study will be able to estimate the potential risk of the birds and bats dead due to collisions with the wind turbines. The objective of this study is to guarantee that the project do not affect the fauna and nature in the area, and ensures the sustainable development. The study is to include the following terms: Migratory and residents diversity studies of birds, reported yearly. Distribution and estimated population per specie. Flight behaviour (altitude, direction, arrival etc). Identify the possible feeding and nesting areas. Analysis of the information considering the project location and the regional context. Estimate the dead potential risk of the birds and bats due to collisions with the wind turbines. g. Measurements to minimize the impacts on the bird population. These measurements will include the wind farm emergency shut down. h. Estimate direct and indirect costs due to the development of the Study and the application of the measurements taken account. 2. An evaluation of the noise level will be carried out in accordance to the NOM-081SEMARNAT-1994 to guarantee that the project activity do not affect the local population. In addition a scattering noise model will be carried out to ensure the no affectation in the area Sierra Tolistoque (Conservation Area). a. b. c. d. e. f.
Wild fauna Measurements Protection and Conservation.
Wild fauna Measurements Protection and Conservation will include the following terms: 1. A vertebrate inventory will be carried out to verify the vertebrate existing diversity. Eurus S.A. de C.V. will take the measurements to protect the fauna species included in the NOM-059SEMARNAT-2001 and the appendixes of CITES (Animals in danger of extinction inventory in Latin America) during the construction phase. 2. Rescue and conservation measurements will be applied for the fauna species under the following conditions: a. Rescue and conservation methodologies. b. Calendar of the activities. c. Performance of the results. d. Criteria to determine the efficiency of the measurements applied. e. Estimate direct and indirect costs due to the development of the vertebrate inventory and measurement applied. Compensation Measurements Program Eurus S.A. de C.V. will elaborate a Compensation Measurements Program (CMP). The CMP consist in a reforestation and conservation of native species strategy. The CMP will include the following conditions. 1. 2. 3. 4. Identify with environmental criteria the conservation areas for the resident and migratory fauna. Selection of the measurements to the conservation areas identified. Procedures and program of conservation measurements application. In order to determine the successful of the Compensation Measurements Program, Monitoring Mechanisms will be implemented.
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5. Estimate direct and indirect costs due to the development of the Compensation Measurements Program. Eurus S.A. de C.V. will elaborate a report every semester during the project activity. These reports will be delivered to the SEMARNAT every semester to carry out the demanded requirements and will be incorporated as attachments to the Monitoring Plan (Please see Annex 4). SECTION E. Stakeholders comments >> E.1. Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and compiled: >> Eurus S.A. de C.V. has been present in the area for almost two years. Eurus has had an office in the near area of the project where local issues have been developed. There has been since the beginning local representatives having direct contact with ejidatarios ( land owners ), land owners representative (Comisario Ejidal), local authorities such as Secretary of the municipality, Major of the Municipality , as well as other authorities from nearby towns in the region. This has been a mayor role in the projects because the amount of land covered is extensive and many different landowners participate leasing their land to the project because of that the project has obtained global consent; otherwise the project would be unfeasible. Eurus Representative in La Venta, holds regular meetings with all stakeholders involved in the project. Additionally at a national level Eurus has been in contact with the stakeholders involved, specifically with SEMARNAT, DNA ( Designated National Authority ) , CRE ( Comisin Reguladora de Energia ), CFE ( Comision Federal de Electricidad ), where all permits involved in the project has been obtained and the opinion received has been positive, since the project will help the sustainable development of Mexico. E.2. >> Summary of the comments received:
Eurus S.A. de C.V. developed an extensive consultation process. This consultation process included the following authorities and local landowner (Ejidatario): The Secretara de Medio Ambiente Mexicana (SEMARNAT) has authorized the development of the project activity after preparing the Environmental Impact Assessment under several conditions discussed in Section D. These conditions must be accomplished in order to implement the project activity. This is to ensure that the project is being handled correctly by the promoter. The SEMARNAT is very interested in obtain a better knowledge of the wild life in the region, so the Environmental Program would give SEMARNAT a complete knowledge about resident and migratory birds and bat population in the area as well as its behaviour (flight patterns, nesting etc). This project would be a referent for other wind farms in Oaxaca and because of that SEMARNAT is interested in the completion of all these studies. The Designated National Authority (DNA) has submitted the Letter of Approval. Under the terms proposed, the implementation of the Eurus Wind farm will contribute to the Mexicos sustainable development and enhance the local economy. Promotion of this kind of projects would be very interesting in Mexico. DNA has expressed directly about the sustainability of the
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project where they found that there are no environmental risks related. And this is a model project in terms of renewable energy in Mexico which should be a priority. The Comisin Federal de Electricidad confirmed that the generation data to calculate the Build Margin are correct. The documents received from the CFE to the project were confirmed by the DOE. Also they expressed that The development of wind farms as CDM projects is very attractive and that promote the sustainable development in Mexico. Permanent regular local meetings with local authorities and ejidatarios in the area are taking place, their support and interest in the project has been permanent. Additionally the DOE, the consultant of the project and the promoter visited the area and hold meetings with the stakeholders involved, and a positive global opinion from Ejido was expressed. New jobs will be related in the area; particularly during the construction phase of the wind farm, and afterwards the jobs required for maintenance and operation during the expected lifetime of the wind farm. Employees will be haired through employment bureau specially created for this purpose. The project will improve the municipal economy because of additional sources of income for landowners such as leasing, etc. without sacrificing current land use practices. The Comisin Reguladora de Energa has granted the permit to generate as stated previously, the permit to evacuate the electricity through the existing grid, all this issues and permits has been obtained because of the support on the project and otherwise permits will not be granted. The opinions received form the CRE has always been positive. The Secretara de Energa has also given always positive feedback over the project.
Stakeholders accepted the measures taken by Eurus and had no objection to the development of new and renewable energy which is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Eurus will ensure that the wind farm will be placed in such a way that impacts for the local population will be minimised.
E.3. Report on how due account was taken of any comments received: >> According with the conditions of the Environmental Authorization, Eurus S.A. de C.V. will implement the following terms and actions (Please see Section D and Annex 4): Environmental Program. Wild fauna Measurements Protection and Conservation. Compensation Measurements Program.
No other mayor comments have been received from other stakeholders but the next measures has been implemented form the beginning of the projects to ensure the welfare of the area: All leasing contracts have been developed by a global consensus with the Comisario Ejidal representative of all land owners. ( Ejidatarios ) The office in the project area has been implemented to recruit employees, to offer information about the project and to promote the integration of the community.
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Annex 1 CONTACT INFORMATION ON PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY PRIMARY PROJECT SPONSOR
Organization: Street/P.O.Box: Building: City: State/Region: Postfix/ZIP: Country: Telephone: FAX: E-Mail: URL: Represented by: Title: Salutation: Last Name: Middle Name: First Name: Department: Mobile: Direct FAX: Direct tel: Personal E-Mail:
Eurus S.A. de C.V.
Av. Ricardo Margain Zozaya 325 Col.Valle del Campestre

Garza Garca Nuevo Len
66265
Mxico
00 52 81 8888 8888 00 52 81 8888 4434

Luis.farias@cemex.com
Luis Ramn Faras Martnez

Energy Senior Vice-President Dr. Faras Luis Renewable Energy Promotion
00 52 81 8888 4434 00 52 81 8888 4342

Luis.farias@cemex.com
page 31
CONSULTANT Organization: Street/P.O.Box: Building: City: State/Region: Postfix/ZIP: Country: Telephone: FAX: E-Mail: URL: Represented by: Title: Salutation: Last Name: Middle Name: First Name: Department: Mobile: Direct FAX: Direct tel: Personal E-Mail: CO2 Global Solutions International S.A. (Consultant) C/ Don Ramn de la Cruz 36, 1C Madrid Madrid 28001 Spain (+34) 91 7814148 (+34) 91 7814149 alv@co2-solutions.com www.co2-solutions.com Alfonso Lanseros Valds Partner Consultant Mr Lanseros Alfonso CDM Development 00 34 652 79 59 10 00 34 91 781 41 49 00 34 91 426 17 83 alv@co2-solutions.com
page 32
Annex 2 INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING N/A
page 33
Annex 3 BASELINE INFORMATION Total Fuel consumption: 2002: 1.582.275 TJ 2003: 1.608.190 TJ 2004: 1.537.745 TJ
(1) (2) 2002 Fuel consumption Carbon content Emission CO2 Fuel share (TJ) (tC/TJ) (tCO2) Fuel Oil 49,40% 781.644 21,1 60.473.179 Natural Gas 34,10% 539.556 15,3 30.269.079 Diesel 1,00% 15.823 20,2 1.171.938 Coal 15,50% 245.253 25,8 23.200.898 Total 100% 1.582.275 115.115.095 Table 17. Fuel consumption per fuel type. Source: Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2003-2012 Grfica 22 p.67. (1) (2) 2003 Fuel consumption Carbon content Emission CO2 Fuel share (TJ) (tC/TJ) (tCO2) Fuel Oil 42,20% 678.656 21,1 52.505.366 Natural Gas 37,00% 595.030 15,3 33.381.200 Diesel 1,60% 25.731 20,2 1.905.812 Coal 19,20% 308.772 25,8 29.209.877 Total 100% 1.608.190 117.002.255 Table 18. Fuel consumption per fuel type. Source: Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2004-2013 Grfica 22 p.72. (1) (2) 2004 Fuel consumption Carbon content Emission CO2 Fuel share (TJ) (tC/TJ) (tCO2) Fuel Oil 41,10% 632.013 21,1 48.896.754 Natural Gas 42,60% 655.079 15,3 36.749.953 Diesel 1,00% 15.377 20,2 1.138.956 Coal 15,30% 235.275 25,8 22.257.014 Total 100% 1.537.745 109.042.677 Table 19. Fuel consumption per fuel type. Source: Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014 Grfico 30 p.82. (3) (2)*(3)*(44/12) (3) (2)*(3)*(44/12) (3) (2)*(3)*(44/12)
Generation by sources:
2002 Power share Annual Generation (GWh) 13.873 44.836 6.434 16.085 0 9.651 Power share 2003 Annual Generation (GWh) 13.842 54.960 6.921 16.692 0 10.585 Power share 2004 Annual Generation (GWh) 7.928 72.396 2.712 17.943 626 9.180
Dual 6,90% 6,80% 3,80% Combined cycle 22,30% 27,00% 34,70% Gas turbine 3,20% 3,40% 1,30% Coal 8,00% 8,20% 8,60% Internal 0,00% 0,00% 0,30% Nuclear 4,80% 5,20% 4,40% Standard 39,70% 79.820 36,60% 74.501 31,80% 66.346 Thermoelectric Renewables (Hydro, Geo, 15,10% 30.360 12,80% 26.055 15,10% 31.504 Wind ) Total 100% 201.059 100% 203.555 100% 208.634 Table 20. Generation by sources. Source: Sener. Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014 Grfico 29 p.81; Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2004-2013 Grfica 21 p.71 and Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2003-2012 Grfica 21 p.66
page 34
2002 19,90%
Total % under methodology 2003 18,00% Total generation in baseline (GWh) 2003 166.915
2004 19,50%
2002 161.048
2004 167.950
Imports (GWh) 2002 2003 2004 531 71 47 Table 21. Imports. Source: Sener. Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014 Cuadro 13 p.81
Baseline calculations: Operating Margin:
Operating Margin = total CO2 emission / (total generation under baseline + imports) Operating Margin 2002 = 115.115.095 / (161.048 + 531) = 712,4 tCO2/GWh Operating Margin 2003 = 117.002.255/ (166.915 + 71) = 700,7 tCO2/GWh Operating Margin 2003 = 109.042.677 / (167.950 + 47) = 649,1tCO2/GWh OM = (712,4*(161.048 + 531) + 700,7*(166.915 + 71) + 649,3*(167.950 + 47)) / ((161.048 + 531) + (166.915 + 71) + (167.950 + 47)) = 687,0 tCO2/GWh Build Margin:
Calculation of Build Margin: Build Margin = (Fuel consumption (TJ) * Fuel emission factor (tCO2/TJ)) / (Total annual generation of the last newest plants that comprise 20% of total generation (GWhe)) Fuel consumption = 3,6 TJ/GWhtherm * (Annual Generation (GWhe) / Efficiency (GWhe/GWhtherm)) Fuel emission factor (tCO2/TJ) = Carbon content (tC/TJ) * (44/12)
Capacity (MW) Annual generation (GWh) 100,1 3.253,9 115,7 22,0 696,5 20.919,9 0,0 0,0 17.543,2 Efficiency (%) Fuel type Cumulative percentage Fuel consumption (TJ) na 22.279 1.094 166 na 143.232 120.113 Fuel emission factor (tCO2/TJ) 56,1 56,1 74,067 56,1 56,1 74,067 56,1
Technology
Additions 2004 Hydro 900 CC 623 GT 429 IC 10,8 Additions 2003 Geo 106,6 CC 3277,4 GT 303 IC 170 Additions 2002 CC 2409
90 52,58 38,08 47,61 30 52,58 38,08 47,61 52,58
na NG NG DI na NG NG DI NG
0,05% 1,61% 1,66% 1,67% 2,01% 12,03% 12,03% 12,03% 20,44%
page 35
Table 22. . New power plants installed. Source: Sener and CFE (Comisin Federal de Electricidad). Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2005-2014 Cuadro 14 p.51; Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2004-2013 Cuadro 9 p.44 and Prospectiva del sector elctrico 2003-2012 Cuadro 8 p.41 and El Sector Energtico en Mxico (Edicin 2005) p. 82-85. Abbreviations: Hydro: hydropower plant; Geo: geothermal plant, CC: combined cycle plant, fuelled with natural gas, GT: Gas turbine, fuelled with natural gas. IC: Internal combustion.
The calculation of the BM considering 20% of the electricity production is a conservative measure since it yields less CERs than to cut at 20,44%. As official data are provided by technology, it is no possible to determine which plant contributes to 20%. Total annual generation of the last newest plants that comprise 20% of total generation: 41.726,8 GWh. Combined Cycle has been chosen in 2002 Additions to be conservative because the emission factor is lower than internal combustion or Gas turbine. BM = (22.279 * 56,1+1.094 * 56,1+166 * 74,07 +143.232 * 56,1 + 113.783 * 56,1) / 41.726,8 = 377,3 tCO2/GWh BM factor 377,3 tCO2/GWh Emission factor ex-ante = 0,75*OM+ 0,25*BM = 609.6 tCO2/GWh The results:
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 609.6
2013 609.6
2014 609.6
2015 609.6
2016 609.6
2017 609.6
2018 609.6
Emission rate 609.6 609.6 609.6 609.6 (tCO2/GWh) Annual generation (GWh) 249.4 989.5 989.5 989.5 Emission Reductions (tCO2) 152,035 603,183 603,183 603,183 Table 23. Emission reductions during the crediting period.
989.5 603,183
989.5 603,183
989.5 603,183
989.5 603,183
989.5 603,183
989.5 603,183
740.1 451,148
Total emission reductions for the crediting period: 6,031,828 tCO2.
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Annex 4 MONITORING INFORMATION
A. Measuring and calculation procedure.
1. Measuring. The O&M Team will obtain the readings from the meters installed at the EURUS substation monthly, and it will report them in the spreadsheet for measurement control and will store the data discharged from the meters electronically. Personnel of the O&M Team will be trained continuously. If new personnel are hired, they have to follow up a training program and will be formed in the specific skills required to carry out the Monitoring Plan.
2.
Calculation of electricity generation to be monitored:
EG y = G
EGy: Electricity generation data measured at output EURUS substation (Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2) G: Generation of electricity by the project activity. 2.1. Measurement and control.
Eurus Wind Farm measurement control Year: A Month B Electricity generation data measured at output EURUS substation (GWh) B C Electricity generation according with the energy bill (GWh) D Eurus validated electricity generation (GWh)
A January February March April May June July August September October November December Annual total
If B=C measurement validated. (*)
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(*) If B C an internal audit will be carried out to verify the data in accordance to the Corrective and Preventive Actions. The data validated will be registered in this form:
Eurus Wind Farm Generation Year: Month Monthly Generation (GWh) January February March April May June July August September October November December Annual total
2.2. Calculation of emission reductions.
Eurus Wind Farm emission reductions Year: A Annual validated generation (GWh) A A B Emission factor ex-ante (tCO2/GWh) B 609,6 C Emission reductions (tCO2) A*B A* 609,6
page 38
Figure 1
page 39
Figure 2 B. Quality control (QC) procedures and quality assurance procedures (QA). 1. Monitoring equipment 1.1. Monitoring equipment shall be set up under the Mexican Law. 1.2. Monitoring equipment shall be authorized through a certificated formal process. 1.3. After set up monitoring equipment shall be calibrated and checked periodically by CFE for accuracy. 2. Monitoring of amount of electricity. 2.1. The amount of electricity transmitted to the grid shall be measured automatically by the established equipment. The measured variables are simultaneously transferred to Eurus central control system. 2.2. The measured amount of electricity shall be collected daily, weekly, and monthly and shall be archived in electronic way. 2.3. The collected variables in article 2.2. shall be checked with the energy bill.
page 40
3.
Corrective and preventive actions: 3.1. If the two variables compared in article 2.3. are different, the operation condition of electricity meters and other equipments shall be examined. In case measurements are improperly operated by the monitoring equipment, internal investigation and correction procedure shall be followed. 3.2. Corrective and preventive actions will be properly documented.
4.
Internal audit procedure: 4.1. The Manager of the Regional Service Heads is responsible of elaborate and executes the internal audit. 4.2. Internal audit has the purpose of determining if the Monitoring Plan is being properly documented as well as identify any deficiency, disagreement o deviation, providing the application of corrective and preventive actions. 4.3. Internal audit will be implemented at least once per year.
C. Monitoring the sustainable development. Eurus Wind Farm Year: Dimension Environmental Criteria 1. CO2 emissions reduction by using renewable energy sources. 2. Natural resources conservation Indicators 1. GHG Emission reductions (ton CO2) 2. The environmental indicators will be provided in accordance to the SEMARNAT Environmental Program (Plan de Vigilancia Ambiental). The data gather to accomplish the Environmental Program by SEMARNAT mandatory will be incorporated within the Monitoring Plan. The visit and audits, and reports received from SEMARNAT will be also incorporated to the monitoring plan as attachments Local Taxes (MEX$) - No. Steady (jobs/year) - No. Temporary (jobs/year)
Economical Social
Contribution to the Municipality Employment
Eurus S.A. de C.V. will elaborate a report every semester during the project activity. These reports will be delivered to the SEMARNAT every semester to carry out the demanded requirements and will be incorporated to the Monitoring Plan.
page 41
Informative example of the periodical reports that will be submitted to SEMARNAT as a requirement of the EIA: This reports may be modify during the project life in order to fulfil all the legal requirements that SEMARNAT could introduce during the project life. These periodical reports to SEMARNAT, as well as the possible visits and audits form SEMARNART will be attached to the Monitoring Plan.
Title Study on birds and bats
Length One year previous the project activity and one year after the construction phase.
Environmental Impact Potential risk of the birds and bats dead due to collisions with the wind turbines Possible affectation due to the increase of the noise level in the operation phase
Activities Birds and bats monitoring in order to determine risks and alternatives.
Results Diversity and legal status. Distribution. Flight behaviour. Location of nesting and feeding areas. Comparative between noise generated during the operation phase and the maximum allowed in the NOM-081-SEMARNAT1992. Archive the adopted measurements verification.
Noise Study.
Before and during the project activity.
Noise level monitoring under the NOM-081-SEMARNAT1992 criteria Scattering noise model.
Soil Conservation.
Preparation and construction phases.
Possible soil affectation in the wind turbine site.
The construction activities will be carried out in the previously selected areas. Soil conservation consists in the vegetal conservation during the operation phase.
Operation and Maintenance phases. Particles Control Preparation and construction phases. Particles generation during the preparation and construction phases.
The soil next to the location of the wind turbines will be water spread.
Archive the adopted measurements verification.
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The raw materials in trucks will be covered. Waste Control Preparation and construction phases. Waste generation during construction and operation phases. Preventive measurements adopted to reduce the waste generation. Measurements of waste generation, manure and disposal. Archive the adopted measurements verification. Analysis of the waste generated data. Monitoring waste generation, manure and disposal. Possible affectation to the wild fauna during the preparation and construction phases. Monitoring amphibian, reptile and mammals in project site. Species inventory in the project site. Density, abundance, requirements and behaviour patterns. Reforestation in protected areas.
Operation and Maintenance phases.
Wild fauna Measurements Protection and Conservation
One year previous to the project activity
Compensation Measurement Program
During the project activity.
In order to benefit the vegetal conservation in the project site and nearly areas, compensation measurements will be implemented.
Vegetal conservation program.
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PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03.1.

CDM Executive Board

Description of the project activity:

Govt. of Mxico (Host)

Eurus wind farm 250.5 MW

Description of the sources and gases included in the project boundary

Table 5. Sources and gases included in the project boundary

Fossil Fuel Nuclear Geothermal & wind Hydropower Total

2004 80.50% 4.40% 3.10% 12.00% 208,634 GWh

2014 86.10% 2.50% 2.50% 8.90% 348,170 GWh

Total % low/cost must run 2004 2014 19.50% 13.90%

Table 9. Energy price in PPA.

397,668,750 20 28% 11.76% 15.10%

Projects IRR increment

Table 11. Increase on IRR with different scenarios.

Where Fi ,m , y , COEFi ,m and method above for plants m.

GEN m , y are analogous to the variables described for the simple OM

measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment:

The procedures applied are provided in Annex 3.

Estimation of emission reductions:

Table 16. Ex-ante estimation emission reductions.

CDM Team (CO2 Solutions)

Review, Elaborate Monitoring Report

Regional Service Heads

C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the project activity:

Wild fauna Measurements Protection and Conservation.

Eurus S.A. de C.V.

Av. Ricardo Margain Zozaya 325 Col.Valle del Campestre

00 52 81 8888 8888 00 52 81 8888 4434

Luis Ramn Faras Martnez

00 52 81 8888 4434 00 52 81 8888 4342

Annex 2 INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING N/A

Baseline calculations: Operating Margin:

90 52,58 38,08 47,61 30 52,58 38,08 47,61 52,58

0,05% 1,61% 1,66% 1,67% 2,01% 12,03% 12,03% 12,03% 20,44%

Total emission reductions for the crediting period: 6,031,828 tCO2.

Annex 4 MONITORING INFORMATION

A. Measuring and calculation procedure.

Calculation of electricity generation to be monitored:

If B=C measurement validated. (*)

2.2. Calculation of emission reductions.

Contribution to the Municipality Employment

Title Study on birds and bats

Before and during the project activity.

Preparation and construction phases.

Possible soil affectation in the wind turbine site.

Archive the adopted measurements verification.

Operation and Maintenance phases.

Wild fauna Measurements Protection and Conservation

One year previous to the project activity

Compensation Measurement Program

During the project activity.

Vegetal conservation program.

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