Review of Lesson 5 1) Note, on p.

93, the syntax of

, + which means the best .

nor

Remember that cannot take .""

:
Our university is the best university. The best film this year is the film The Artist. Its really getting

.
2) Learn to spell

( and the various pronoun suffixes), see p. 93.

annoying having to correct this on the homeworks all the time! Definite and Indefinite in Phrases and Sentences (p. 97) Remember that most

consist of a definite and an indefinite .

Nouns and adjectives in a single phrase should match in terms of definiteness and indefiniteness, gender, and number (single, dual or plural).

Indefinite noun-adjective phrases:

. . .

Definite noun-adjective phrases:

Nominal Sentences:

Demonstrative pronouns

Note the differences in meaning in the following sentences, based on the definiteness or indefiniteness of the nouns following

( pp. 99-100) :

. . . .

This is a small house. This house is small. This small house is pretty. This is a big city.

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ARA 102, Spring 2012

. . .

This city is big. This big citys name is Cairo. This city is the big (one). (Note that you need the pronoun to separate between a definite and a definite .)

Numbers from 11-100 (p. 102) Be able to recognize these when you hear them spoken, and know how to read the numbers. Also, be aware of the following rules: one object: remember that an indefinite noun by itself means one or an x : () ()

= a

book, one book. If you want to emphasize that you have only one, then the number acts like an adjective, and it follows the object and agrees in gender two objects: use the dual (see p. 119, also); number also acts like an adjective (again, only for emphasis) 3-10 objects: use the plural of the thing counted, note that the number comes before the thing being counted and use digits rather than writing out the number in words (because there are complex rules about gender agreement and numbers) 11-99 objects: use the singular of the thing being counted, with () ()

)(

)(

;again, its

easiest to use digits rather than writing out the numbers as words.

How many? Use followed by the singular, which takes

:
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ARA 102, Spring 2012

Use of

( p. 104) has a number of

As you see directly above in the section on numbers,

functions in Arabic, not all of which have to do with adverbs. For now, it's worthwhile noting that when you see an alif at the end of an indefinite noun, its worth considering whether the word is functioning in an adverbial sense. Review the words that we already know that are spelled with remember to drop the

,and review Drill 18 on p. 105 in which

various prepositional phrases were converted to adverbial phrases. As they point out,

and use the form of the adjective:

. .
Review of Lesson 6

. .

1) Learn the days of the week in :they are listed on p. 115 2) Note that the verb is ALWAYS followed by the preposition 3) Learn to recognize the past tense conjugations on p. 116. 4) Learn the different ways that can be used (p. 116): I have been studying Arabic for two years. Ive known my friend Rania since childhood. My sister has been talking on the phone for an hour! I graduated from high school a year ago. Preview of the Dual ( p. 119):

. . ! .

Learn to recognize it: there are two endings, and .If these endings come after a

,it becomes a : . .
The two boys are students. They study in al-Akhawayn University.

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ARA 102, Spring 2012

. . . :
Verbal Noun (p. 121)

These two men teach the two boys. The two girls are university students. These two women teach the two girls.

First and most importantly: this is a noun. It is related to the verb, but it is a noun and should be treated like one, grammatically speaking. Learn each on pages 122124. There are flashcards on Blackboard to help you with this. Remember that, because it is an abstract concept, is almost always definite. But remember also that it can be part of an :

. . . . .
Why and because, pp. 128-129. 1)

Travelling by bus is hard. I dont like swimming in the winter. The best hobby, in my opinion, is dancing. Do you eat before going to class in the morning? I dont much like doing homework. I eat each day before class but I dont like eating hummus for breakfast.

+ : must be followed by a nominal sentence.

linked up to the word as demonstrated in the chart on p. 129.

The nominal

sentence can start with a noun or, if it starts with a pronoun, the pronoun should be

. . .
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I study Arabic because my father is from Kuwait. I study Arabic because it is a beautiful language. I study Arabic because I love studying languages.
ARA 102, Spring 2012

2)

OR : +

in order to I study Arabic in order to obtain money. the same as the above, but uses instead of

. .

.
3)

I study Arabic in order to travel to Kuwait.

: +

because of I study Arabic because of the Arab Spring. I study Arabic because of the teachers.

. .

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