16) After sperm cells are produced, they are mainly stored in the A) urethra. B) prostate. C) epididymis.

D) seminal vesicles. E) bulbourethral gland. 18) Which of these does not contribute to the fluids that make up human semen? A) bulbourethral glands B) vas deferens C) prostate gland D) seminal vesicles E) both A and B 19) Where are human sperm cells produced? A) prostate gland B) vas deferens C) the seminiferous tubules of the testes D) epididymis E) Sertoli cells 20) What effect would surgical removal of the seminal vesicles have on the human male reproductive system? A) It would cause sterility because sperm would not be produced. B) It would cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body. C) The failure rate for the withdrawal method of birth control would go down.

D) There would be a minimal loss in semen volume. E) Semen would not contain energy-providing nutrients for the sperm. 21) What comprises the fluid part of human semen? A) androgens such as testosterone B) sperm and secretions from the prostate and bulbourethral glands C) sperm and secretions from the prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, and seminal vesicles D) sperm and prostaglandins E) sperm and anticoagulant enzymes 22) In humans, the egg is released from the ovary and enters the oviduct. How is this accomplished? A) The force of the follicular ejection propels the egg into the oviduct. B) The egg is drawn into the oviduct by the action of beating cilia located in the opening of the oviduct. C) The egg moves through a small tube that connects the ovary and the oviduct. D) The egg propels itself into the oviduct by the beating action of its flagellum. E) Peristalsis of ovarian muscles moves the egg into the oviduct. 23) What is the narrow opening of the human uterus called? A) vagina B) cervix C) oviduct D) fallopian tube E) vas deferens 24) Which of the following male and female structures consist largely of erectile tissue richly supplied with nerveendings?

A) penis and clitoris B) vas deferens and oviduct C) testes and ovaries D) seminiferous tubules and vagina E) prostate and ovaries 5) During the human sexual response, vasocongestion A) occurs in the clitoris, vagina, and penis. B) occurs in the testes. C) can cause vaginal lubrication. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C 27) The diploid chromosome number for humans is 46. How many chromatids will there be in a secondary spermatocyte? A) 23 B) 46 C) 69 D) 92 E) 184 28) Which cells are diploid? A) spermatids B) spermatogonia C) mature sperm cells D) A and B only

E) A, B, and C 29) Which of these statements is true about human sperm cells? A) They are rich in nutrient material. B) They are liberated from the corpus luteum. C) They are less numerous than ova. D) They are highly motile. E) They have 46 chromosomes. 30) In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that A) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity. B) oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. C) oogenesis produces one functional ovum, whereas spermatogenesis produces four functional spermatozoa. D) spermatogenesis begins before birth. E) spermatogenesis is not complete until fertilization occurs.

31) In which of the following ways are mature human sperm and ova similar? A) They both have the same number of chromosomes. B) They are approximately the same size. C) They each have a flagellum that provides motility. D) They are produced from puberty until death. E) They are formed before birth. 32) Which of the following statements about gametogenesis is incorrect ?

A) Spermatogenesis continues throughout the male's life; oogenesis stops at menopause. B) Oogenesis results in one ovum, while spermatogenesis results in millions of sperm. C) Spermatogenesis is a continuous, uninterrupted process; oogenesis undergoes long "resting" periods. D) The process of oogenesis is completed when the egg cell is penetrated by sperm. E) The primary spermatocyte is a haploid cell. 33) Which of these is a male primary sex characteristic? A) deepening of the voice B) facial and pubic hair C) increased muscle growth D) development of external reproductive structures E) both B and D 34) Which of these is a male secondary sex characteristic? A) development of external reproductive structures B) development of vasa deferentia and other ducts C) sperm production D) increased muscle growth E) B and C only 36) What is the breakdown and discharge of the soft uterine tissues that occurs if no egg is fertilized? A) menstruation B) lactation C) fertilization

D) menopause E) ovulation 37) Which of these best describes the menstrual cycle? A) It refers specifically to changes that occur in the endometrium of the uterus. B) The cycle length is 28 days and varies little from one woman to another. C) It continues from puberty until death. D) It begins with the follicular phase. E) It is primarily regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). 38) The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle A) is associated with dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone. B) starts when the endometrium begins to degenerate. C) corresponds with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. D) corresponds with the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. E) is the beginning of the menstrual flow. 39) What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle? A) menstrual, ovulation, and luteal B) follicular, luteal, and secretory C) menstrual, proliferative, and secretory D) follicular, ovulation, and luteal E) proliferative, luteal, and ovulation 0) There are five hormones regulating the human menstrual and ovarian cycles. Which of these structures secrete(s) these hormones? A) hypothalamus

B) pancreas C) ovaries D) A and C only E) A, B, and C 42) If the release of LH were inhibited in a human female, which of the following events would not occur? A) release of FSH from the pituitary B) maturation of a primary follicle and oocyte C) ovulation of a secondary oocyte D) release of GnRH from the hypothalamus E) production of estrogen by follicle cells 43) Which structure is not correctly paired with its function? A) seminiferous tubules-add fluid containing mucus, fructose, and prostaglandin to semen B) scrotum-encases testes and holds them below the abdominal cavity C) epididymis-stores sperm D) prostate gland-adds alkaline secretions to semen E) ovary-secretes estrogen and progesterone 44) One function of the corpus luteum is to A) nourish and protect the egg cell. B) produce prolactin in the alveoli. C) produce progesterone and estrogen. D) convert into a hormone-producing follicle after ovulation. E) stimulate ovulation.

45) During the menstrual cycle, what is the main source of progesterone in females? A) adrenal cortex B) anterior pituitary C) corpus luteum D) developing follicle E) placenta 46) hormone that triggers ovulation LH 47) hormone secreted by the growing follicle estrogen 48) stimulates the corpus luteum in females LH 49) hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins by the anterior pituitary GnRH 50) the anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the maturation of the follicle in the ovary during the beginning of the menstrual cycle FSH

51) Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action? A) GnRH-controls release of FSH and LH B) estrogen-responsible for primary and secondary female sex characteristics C) human chorionic gonadotropin-maintains secretions from the corpus luteum D) luteinizing hormone-stimulates ovulation E) progesterone-stimulates follicles to develop 52) The hormone progesterone is produced A) by the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. B) in the ovary and acts directly on the testes. C) in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus.

D) in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. E) in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. 53) What happens if the hormone progesterone is not secreted in a human female? A) Secondary sex characteristics do not develop. B) The pituitary is stimulated to secrete gonadotropins. C) Uterine contractions begin stimulating childbirth. D) Enlargement of arteries supplying blood to the endometrium and growth of endometrial glands do not occur properly. E) The ovary begins to form the corpus luteum. 54) What causes menopause? A) The follicle supply is exhausted. B) A decline in production of estrogens by the ovaries. C) Temperature increases inhibit ova maturation. D) There is a lack of adequate blood supply to the ovaries. E) Progesterone blocks the ovarian cycle. 55) For normal human fertilization to occur, A) many ova must be released. B) the uterus must be enlarged. C) only one sperm must penetrate the egg. D) secretion of pituitary FSH and LH must decrease. E) the secondary oocyte must implant in the uterus. 56) Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the A) ovary. B) uterus.

C) vagina. D) oviduct. E) labia minora. 57) Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with its function? A) epididymis maturation and storage of sperm B) oviduct site of normal embryonic implantation C) seminal vesicles add sugar and mucus to semen D) placenta maternal and fetal exchange organ E) prostate gland adds alkaline substances to semen 58) During human gestation, organogenesis occurs during the first trimester. What is the significance of this fact? A) It allows for early detection of genetic disorders. B) This may block progesterone production and thus cause a spontaneous abortion. C) It may stimulate infant cardiovascular problems. D) Radiation and drugs should be avoided, as the embryo is extremely sensitive to birth defects at this time. E) It may compress the mother's abdominal organs, causing frequent urination and constipation. 59) embryonic hormone that maintains progesterone and estrogen secretion by the corpus luteum through the firsttrimester of pregnancy(HCG)

60) triggers ovulation of the secondary oocyte LH 61) hormone produced by the corpus luteum when stimulated by LH progesterone 62) hypothalamic hormone that triggers the secretion of FSH (GnRH) 63) Which substance, when found in urine, indicates pregnancy? A) progesterone B) estrogen C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) human chorionic gonadotropin E) hypothalamus releasing factors 64) secreted by the Leydig cells of the testes testosterone 65) participates in the regulation of labor contractions oxytocin 66) initiates the growth of the placenta and enlargement of the uterus progesterone 67) high concentration of this hormone inhibits secretion of LH from the pituitary progesterone 68) required so that the corpus luteum can function through the first and part of the second trimesters of pregnancy human chorionic gonadotropin 69) What would happen if a woman in the later stages of pregnancy were given a combination of estrogen and oxytocin? A) Oxytocin receptors would develop on uterine smooth muscle cells. B) Prostaglandins would be secreted from the placenta. C) Contractions of uterine muscles would begin. D) A and C only E) A, B, and C 70) Which of these is not a correct statement about human reproduction?

A) The ability of a pregnant woman not to reject her "foreign" fetus may be due to the suppression of the immuneresponse in her uterus. B) By the eighth week, organogenesis is complete and the embryo is referred to as a fetus. C) Lactation is the production and release of milk from the mammary glands. D) Parturition begins with conception and ends with gestation. E) Puberty is the onset of reproductive ability. 80) Human fertility drugs increase the chance of multiple births, probably because they A) enhance implantation. B) stimulate follicle development. C) mimic progesterone. D) stimulate spermatogenesis. E) prevent parturition. 81) Which pituitary secretion stimulates sperm production? A) LH B) ACTH C) TSH D) PRL E) FSH 83) Ovulation usually occurs on or about day ________ of a 28-day ovarian cycle.A) 1 B) 7 C) 14 D) 21 E) 28

84) After ovulation, high levels of ________ inhibit ________ secretion. A) estrogen and progesterone; FSH and LH B) FSH and LH; estrogen and progesterone C) HCG; estrogen and progesterone D) estrogen; FSH E) androgens; FSH and LH 85) If there is no fertilization, degeneration of the corpus luteum results in a drop in ________, which results in the sloughing off of the uterus's endometrium. A) FSH B) estrogen and progesterone C) hypothalamic secretion of releasing hormones D) HCG E) LH 88) Which of the following male and female structures are least alike in function? A) seminiferous tubules-vagina B) Leydig cells-follicle cells C) spermatogonia-oogonia D) testes-ovaries E) vas deferens-oviduct 90) Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during A) the flow phase of the menstrual (uterine) cycle. B) the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. C) the period just before ovulation. D) the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. E) the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Answer: C 92) During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop A) in the first trimester. B) in the second trimester. C) in the third trimester. D) while the embryo is in the oviduct. E) during the blastocyst stage. 94) Fertilization of human eggs most often takes place in the A) vagina. B) ovary. C) uterus. D) oviduct. E) vas deferens. 95) In male mammals, excretory and reproductive systems share A) the testes. B) the urethra. C) the ureter. D) the vas deferens. E) the prostate.