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Lesson Objectives
Review major types of unit operation models
Aspen Plus References: User Guide , Chapter 10, Unit Operation Models Unit Operation Models Reference Manual
2003 AspenTech. All Rights Reserved.
41
Mixers/Splitters
Model
Mixer
Description
Stream mixer
Purpose
Combine multiple streams into one stream Split stream flows
Use
Mixing tees, stream mixing operations, adding heat streams, adding work streams Stream splitters, bleed valves Solid stream splitters, bleed valves
FSplit SSplit
Stream splitter
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Separators
Model
Flash2
Description
Two-outlet flash
Purpose
Determine thermal and phase conditions Determine thermal and phase conditions Determine thermal and phase conditions Separate inlet stream components into any number of outlet streams Separate inlet stream components into two outlet streams
Use
Flashes, evaporators, knockout drums, single stage separators, free water separations Decanters, single stage separators with two liquid phases Decanters, single stage separators with two liquid phases and no vapor phase Component separation operations such as distillation and absorption, when the details of the separation are unknown or unimportant Component separation operations such as distillation and absorption, when the details of the separation are unknown or unimportant
Flash3 Decanter
Three-outlet flash Liquid-liquid decanter Multi-outlet component separator Two-outlet component separator
Sep
Sep2
Heat Exchangers
Model
Heater
Description
Heater or cooler
Purpose
Determines thermal and phase conditions Exchange heat between two streams Exchange heat between any number of streams Design and simulate shell and tube heat exchangers Design and simulate aircooled heat exchangers Models convective heat transfer between a heat sink and a heat source Design and simulate shell and tube heat exchangers
Use
Heaters, coolers, valves, mixers. Pumps and compressors when work-related results are not needed Two-stream heat exchangers. Rating shell and tube heat exchangers when geometry is known Multiple hot and cold stream heat exchangers. Two-stream heat exchangers. LNG exchangers Shell and tube heat exchangers with a wide variety of configurations Air-cooled heat exchangers with a wide variety of configurations. Model economizers and the convection section of fired heaters Determines the log-mean temperature difference, using either the rigorous or the approximate method Shell and tube heat exchangers with a wide variety of configurations, including kettle boilers
HeatX
Two-stream heat exchanger Multistream heat exchanger Interface to B-JAC Hetran Interface to B-JAC Aerotran Heat transfer calculation model Interface to HTRI IST program
MHeatX
Hetran* Aerotran*
HXFlux
HTRIIST*
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Columns Shortcut
Model
DSTWU
Description
Shortcut distillation design Shortcut distillation rating Shortcut distillation for petroleum fractionation
Purpose
Determine minimum RR, minimum stages, and either actual RR or actual stages by Winn-Underwood-Gilliland method Determine separation based on RR, stages, and D:F ratio using Edmister method Determine product composition and flow, stages per section, duty using fractionation indices
Use
Columns with one feed and two product streams Columns with one feed and two product streams Complex columns, such as crude units and vacuum towers
Distl
SCFrac
Columns Rigorous
Model
RadFrac
Description Purpose
Rigorous fractionation Rigorous fractionation for complex columns Petroleum refining fractionation Rigorous batch distillation Rate-based distillation Rigorous rating and design for single columns Rigorous rating and design for multiple columns of any complexity Rigorous rating and design for petroleum refining applications Rigorous rating calculations for single batch columns Rigorous rating and design for single and multiple columns; based on nonequilibrium calculations Rigorous rating for liquidliquid extraction columns
Use
Distillation, absorbers, strippers, extractive and azeotropic distillation, reactive distillation Heat integrated columns, air separators, absorber/stripper combinations, ethylene primary fractionator/quench tower combinations, petroleum refining Preflash tower, atmospheric crude unit, vacuum unit, catalytic cracker or coker fractionator, vacuum lube fractionator, ethylene fractionator and quench towers Ordinary azeotropic batch distillation, 3-phase, and reactive batch distillation Distillation columns, absorbers, strippers, reactive systems, heat integrated units, petroleum applications Liquid-liquid extraction
MultiFrac
PetroFrac
BatchFrac* RateFrac*
Extract
Liquid-liquid extraction
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Reactors
Model Description
RStoic Stoichiometric reactor Yield reactor
Purpose
Stoichiometric reactor with specified reaction extent or conversion Reactor with specified yield Chemical and phase equilibrium by stoichiometric calculations Chemical and phase equilibrium by Gibbs energy minimization Continuous stirred tank reactor Plug flow reactor
Use
Reactors where the kinetics are unknown or unimportant but stoichiometry and extent are known Reactors where the stoichiometry and kinetics are unknown or unimportant but yield distribution is known Single- and two-phase chemical equilibrium and simultaneous phase equilibrium Chemical and/or simultaneous phase and chemical equilibrium. Includes solid phase equilibrium. One, two, or three-phase stirred tank reactors with kinetics reactions in the vapor or liquid One, two, or three-phase plug flow reactors with kinetic reactions in any phase. Plug flow reactions with external coolant. Batch and semi-batch reactors where the reaction kinetics are known
RYield
REquil
Equilibrium reactor Equilibrium reactor Continuous stirred tank reactor Plug flow reactor Batch reactor
RGibbs
RCSTR
RPlug
RBatch
Pressure Changers
Model
Pump
Description
Pump or hydraulic turbine Compressor or turbine
Purpose
Change stream pressure when the pressure, power requirement or performance curve is known Change stream pressure when the pressure, power requirement or performance curve is known Change stream pressure across multiple stages with intercoolers. Allows for liquid knockout streams from intercoolers Determine pressure drop or valve coefficient (CV) Determine pressure drop and heat transfer in single-segment pipe or annular space Determine pressure drop and heat transfer in multi-segment pipe or annular space
Use
Pumps and hydraulic turbines
Compr
Polytropic compressors, polytropic positive displacement compressors, isentropic compressors, isentropic turbines. Multistage polytropic compressors, polytropic positive compressors, isentropic compressors, isentropic turbines. Multi-phase, adiabatic flow in ball, globe and butterfly valves Multi-phase, one dimensional, steady -state and fully developed pipeline flow with fittings Multi-phase, one dimensional, steady -state and fully developed pipeline flow
MCompr
Valve Pipe
Pipeline
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Manipulators
Model
Mult Dupl
Description
Stream multiplier Stream duplicator Stream property reporter Stream equation creator Stream class changer Stream selector Load stream manipulator Stream predictor
Purpose
Multiply stream flows by a user supplied factor Copy a stream to any number of outlets Calculate stream properties at specified conditions Report flow and composition for feed streams Change stream class Switch between different inlet streams Combine multiple heat streams into a single load stream Compare model predictions of plant performance to plant measurements
Use
Multiply streams for scale-up or scale-down Duplicate streams to look at different scenarios in the same flowsheet Report requested stream properties to be used in EO mode Maintain compatibility with Feedbl blocks in RT-OPT 10.0 in EO mode Link sections or blocks that use different stream classes Test different flowsheet scenarios
Measurement
Solids
Model
Crystallizer
Description
Continuous Crystallizer
Purpose/Uses
Mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizeer used for the production of a single solid product Gyratory/jaw crusher, cage mill breaker, and single or multiple roll crushers Solids -solids separation using screens Gas-solids separation using fabric filters Gas-solids separation using cyclones Gas-solids separation using venturi scrubbers Gas-solids separation using dry electrostatic precipitators Liquid-solids separation using hydrocyclones Liquid-solids separation using centrifuge filters Liquid-solids separation using continuous rotary vacuum filters Single-stage solids washer Multistage washer or a counter-current decanter
Crusher Screen FabFl Cyclone VScrub ESP HyCyc CFuge Filter SWash CCD
Crushers Screens Fabric filters Cyclones Venturi scrubbers Dry electrostatic precipitators Hydrocyclones Centrifuge filters Rotary vacuum filters Single-stage solids washer Counter-current decanter
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User Models
Proprietary models or third party software can be included in an Aspen Plus flowsheet using a User2 unit operation block. Excel Workbooks or Fortran code can be used to define the User2 unit operation model. User-defined names can be associated with variables. Variables can be dimensioned based on other input specifications (for example, number of components). Aspen Plus helper functions eliminate the need to know the internal data structure to retrieve variables.
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Hierarchy Blocks
Provides containers for simulation objects. Can consist of:
Flowsheet objects: streams, unit operation blocks, other Hierarchy
blocks
Non-flowsheet objects: Design Specs, Calculator blocks,
Convergence blocks
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Connector Streams
2003 AspenTech. All Rights Reserved.
49
Flowsheet Templating
Custom model libraries containing categorized groups of models can be displayed with the Aspen Plus Model Library. Any individual or group of Aspen Plus unit operation models on the flowsheet can be added to the custom model library. Any data entered in the blocks are associated with that model. Supports multiple blocks, streams, properties, flowsheet utilities. Multiple items are added as a Hierarchy block. Templates allow use and distribution of pre-engineered unit operation models and plant sections. Custom icons to better represent the equipment can be created for any model in a custom model library. Custom forms can be created for any item in the model library.
4 10
1. Highlight block(s) and/or stream(s). 2. Choose Edit/Selected Copy from the menu bar to make a copy of the objects within the selection rectangle. You can copy any input data including Components, Properties, Design Specs, Calculators, etc. By default, only the selected blocks and streams are checked.
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You can also copy objects from one simulation into another.
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