Biology 115 Fall 2004 Chapter 13 Test Bank What is a genome?

If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, its sperm cells would have how many chromosomes? Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16? What is a karyotype? Which chromosomes in this diagram of a cell nucleus are homologues? Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes? In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in Which of these statements about sexual reproduction is false? Syngamy occurs between At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes photographed in the preparation of a karyotype? The X and the Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes because Referring to a plant sexual life cycle, which of the following terms describes the process that leads directly to the formation of gametes? All of the following are functions of meiosis in plants except Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? Is the cell shown above haploid or diploid? Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.4 of your textbook to answer the following questions. Which of the life cycles is typical for animals? Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae? Which of the life cycles is typical for many fungi and some protists? In which group of organisms does alternation of generations occur? How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? Which of the following is missing from the life cycle listed below? In animals, somatic cells result from mitosis and __________ result from meiosis. For the cell shown at right, n = _____. The cell shown above is in what stage? The cell shown at right is undergoing ______ and is in the stage called ______. Sister chromatids separate during 1

Biology 115 Fall 2004 When does the synaptonemal complex disappear? The phases of meiosis that produce the most genetic variation from crossing-over and independent assortment are Which of the following terms belongs least suitably with the others? A) spore B) chiasmata C) zygote D) fertilization E) gamete Homologues separate during Sexual reproduction generates genetic variation during A cell of 2n = 8 can generate ____ genetically different gametes, assuming no crossing over occurs. Human sperm have ____ autosomes. Mitosis and meiosis are similar in that Mitosis and meiosis are different in that Mitosis is to asexual reproduction as ____ is to sexual reproduction How are mitosis and meiosis similar and how are they different? For each of the following statements, indicate whether it is true for mitosis and/or meiosis I and/or meiosis II. This occurs when a cell divides to form two nuclei that are genetically identical. Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs. Centromeres uncouple and chromatids are separated from each other. Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs. The events during this process cause the majority of genetic recombinations The process(es) is (are) preceded by a copying (replication) of the DNA. For each of the following statements, indicate the appropriate stage of meiosis. Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell; independent assortment soon follows. Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur. Nuclear envelopes may form; no replication of chromosomes takes place. Centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple and chromatids separate. Cells have two copies of each type of chromosome, called Cells that have one copy of each gene are called Cells that have two copies of each gene are called For the cell shown at right, n = Offspring produced by sexual reproduction are Which of the following is true of homologues? 2

Biology 115 Fall 2004 Put the following list of steps of meiosis in the proper temporal order. After telophase I of meiosis, what is the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell? For a cell of 2n = 4, draw the cell at G1. For a cell of 2n = 4, draw the cell at G2. For a cell of 2n = 4, draw the chromosome makeup of a daughter cell at the completion of meiosis I For a cell of 2n = 4, draw the chromosome makeup of a daughter cell at the completion of meiosis II When comparing prophase I of meiosis with prophase of mitosis, which of the following occurs only in meiosis? Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? An alternation of generations is observed for which of the following organisms? For which of the following answers is the correct organism paired with the correct stage of the life cycle that undergoes mitosis to form a multicellular organism? Recombinant chromosomes are the result of Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? Which of the following is true of the process of meiosis? The chromosome number is reduced by half during Which events of meiosis occur in which stage? Synapsis occurs during Kinetochores form during The point at which two nonsister chromatids cross over each other is called The protein complex that holds homologous chromosomes together during meiosis is called The longest stage of meiosis I is The microtubules that attach to chromosomes are referred to as Separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles during In which stage is the cell shown at right? Crossing-over occurs during which phase of meiosis? What is the end result of meiosis? Which diagram represents late prophase I of meiosis? Which drawing represents anaphase of mitosis? Which drawing represents metaphase II of meiosis?

Biology 115 Fall 2004 Which drawing represents a stage of meiosis where independent assortment might occur if there were more than one pair of chromosomes represented? How many different chromosome combinations are possible in the gametes produced by a diploid organism having 8 chromosomes? Each of the following contributes to genetic variation within a population EXCEPT The maternal and paternal copies of genes get reshuffled (recombined) during How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species? Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis? Which of the following terms belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata? For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes? The significance of a synaptonemal complex is that it You are genetically unique. This is at least in part a result of What are the sources of genetic variation in sexual life cycles of animals?