1. Variable type.

Which of these questions from the class survey produced variable that are categorical and which are quantitative? A. categorical B. Quantitative C. Categorical D. Quantitative E. Categorical 2. Do males and females like the same type of films? What are the most important differences between the two groups? Include the appropriate graphs table, etc. to support your conclusions.

Chart of sex, favorite type of film

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favorite type of film

n n dy a or e r ce -Fi t io ildre e ra m o rr t h an Sci A c Ch om D H O om C R f

n n dy a o r er ce -Fi t io ildre e ram orr t h an Sci A c Ch o m D H O o m C R m

sex

- Females: Action= 42 Children= 8 Comedy= 230 Drama= 39 Horror= 69 Romance=77 Sci-Fi= 20 Other=14 - Males: Action= 97 Children= 4 Comedy= 147 Drama= 32 Horror= 23 Romance= 3 Sci-Fi= 41 Other= 13 - The most important difference between the two groups was the difference in amount of males versus females who chose comedy as their favorite type of film. 83 more women chose this type than did men.

3. Sleep habits. Question 2 from the survey asked How many hours did you sleep last night? Descriptive Statistics: sleep Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Variance Minimum Q1 sleep 861 6 6.7879 0.0594 1.7418 3.0340 0.000000000 6.0000 Variable Median Q3 Maximum IQR sleep 7.0000 8.0000 13.0000 2.0000

Number of Hours Slept Last Night

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0 0 2 4 6 sleep 8 10 12

A. Create an appropriate display for the number of hours slept. - (Graph above) B. Which of the following best describes the shape of the distribution? - Symmetric C. Are there any outliers in this data? Justify your answer. - There are outliers, because any number (x) where 11<x<3 is considered and outlier. - (IQR = Q3-Q1) so IQR= 8-6 which = 2. - To identify outliers use the 1.5*IQR rule (x>8.0+1.5*2 or x<6-1.5*2) so 11<x<3. D. Use the numerical measures appropriate for the shape to describe the center and spread. - According to the above descriptive statistics I found in Minitab: -Center: Mean, Median and Mode. Mean= 6.7879 Median=7.000 and Mode=7 - Spread: Variance, Standard Deviation, and Inner Quartile Range (IQR). Variance=3.0340 SD= 1.7418 and IQR= 2.000 E. Find 95% confidence intervals for the mean hours of sleep for males and for the females.

- Males: (6.54003, 6.92130) - Females: (6.68309, 6.97583) F. Assume that these two groups represent random samples of male and female ETSU students. Do these intervals overlap? Interpret your results. - Yes they do overlap because the statistics show that the 95% confidence interval for males starts at 6.54003 and goes to 6.92130 and that the confidence interval for females starts and 6.68309. This overlaps and falls between the males interval of 6.54003 to 6.92130. 4. Big hands. Compare and comment on the spans of right hands of males and females. Include the appropriate graphs, summary statistics, etc. to support your conclusion. -The average right hand span of a male is shown to be larger than that of a females by 3.645cm, with the average span of a males being 22.414 and a females being 18.769.

Boxplot of right-handspan (cm)

f 160 140 right-handspan (cm) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Panel variable: sex m

- Statistics for males right hand span. Descriptive Statistics: right-handspan (cm) Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median right-handspan ( 340 25 22.414 0.665 12.264 3.000 19.000 21.500 Variable Q3 Maximum right-handspan ( 23.000 143.000

-Statistics for females right hand spand Results for: SPRING10DATA[1].MTW(sex = f) Descriptive Statistics: right-handspan (cm) Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median right-handspan ( 474 28 18.769 0.402 8.754 3.000 16.000 18.500 Variable Q3 Maximum right-handspan ( 20.000 103.000 5. Heaven? Question 11 from the survey asked Do you believe in heaven? A. Give the marginal distribution of heaven belief for all students in percent.

Belief in Heaven
Don't Know 1, 53, 6.1% 0.1% No, Definitely Not 41, 4.7% No, Probably Not 29, 3.3% Category Yes, Definitely Yes, Probably No, Probably Not No, Definitely Not Don't Know

Yes, Probably 108, 12.5%

Yes, Definitely 635, 73.2%

B. Give two conditional distributions of heaven belief, for male and for female students. Make a graph of each conditional distribution.

Conditonal Distribution for Males

Don't Know 28, 7.7% No, Definitely Not 27, 7.4% No, Probably Not 16, 4.4% Category Yes, Definitely Yes, Probably No, Probably Not No, Definitely Not Don't Know

Yes, Probably 44, 12.1%

Yes, Definitely 250, 68.5%

Conditional Distribution for Females

Don't Know No, Definitely Not 5.0%0.2% 25, 1, No, Probably14, 2.8% Not 13, 2.6% Yes, Probably 64, 12.7% Category Yes, Definitely Yes, Probably No, Probably Not No, Definitely Not Don't Know

Yes, Definitely 385, 76.7%

C. What are the most important differences between the two genders?

- The biggest difference between the two genders would be the percentage of males to females who said Yes, Definitely to their belief in heaven. There was a 8.2% difference in the males versus females who said this, with the males at 68.5% and females at 76.6%. D. State the null and alternative hypotheses. - Ho: u=.85 Ha: u>.85 E. Analyze and state your conclusion. Include any output from Minitab here. - We reject the null hypothesis (Ho) because according to the charts from section B when we add the percentage of those students who said Yes, Definitely and Yes, Probably we get .857 or 85.7% which is greater than .85 or 85%. 6. Sex and Tobacco Use. Tabulated statistics: sex, tobacco
Rows: sex 0 f m All 392 215 607 Columns: tobacco 1 109 149 258 Missing 1 1 * All 501 364 865

A. 12.6% B. 42.25% C. 21.8% 7. Height and Lead feet? A. Insert the appropriate plot that displays this relationship. Does the plot show a positive association, a negative association, or no association between the two variables? Explain.

Scatterplot of height (inches) vs fastest speed driven (mph)

85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 75 100 125 150 fastest speed driven (mph) 175 200

There is no association that can be determined by the plot above because there is no strong positive or negative correlation between the two variables height and top speed driven. B. Do you think the pattern of the plot is linear or curvilinear? - Linear C. Are there any obvious outliers? - If (x>152.5 or x<52.5) than it is considered an outlier. - Yes, the following are all considered outliers ()=number of individuals : 195(1), 80(3), 170(1), 165(2), 160(3), 156(1), 155(1) and 50(1) D. What is the correlation coefficient between the fastest-speed driven and height? - r=1/n-1(Xi-Xbar/SX)(Yi-Ybar/SY) R= 1/840(74-67.524/4.2)(195-102.98/18.69) - The correlation coefficient for the fastest-speed driven and height is .00903756. E. If the measurements were made in centimeters for height instead of inches, what would be the value of the correlation coefficient? - It would be the same, 0.00903756. F. Compute the regression equation for predicting fastest-speed driven and height? - Regression equation= - 12.8 + 1.71 height (inches) G. Provide a scatter plot of fastest speed driven and height and add the categorical variable gender to the display. -

height (inches)

Scatterplot of fastest speed driven (mph) vs height (inches)

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fastest speed driven (mph)

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0 50 55 60 65 70 height (inches) 75 80 85

H. What do the associations of fastest speed driven and height by gender look like? A. Males: no association B. Females: no association I. Find the two regression equations of fastest-speed driven and height by gender A. Males: B. Females: J. Based on your findings, which of the following statements is true? C. 8. 50/50?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Tails Heads Tails Tails Heads Tails Heads Tails Heads Tails Tails Tails Tails Heads Heads

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Heads Tails Tails Tails Tails Heads Heads Tails Tails Tails

Total number of heads: 9 Cumulative Percent of heads: 36% B. Graph the cumulative percent of heads versus the trial number. Do you see a trend?

Scatterplot of total number of heads vs C11

9 8 total number of heads 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 C11 15 20 25

- The more times you toss the coin, the closer the number of heads gets to the approximate 50%. C. What proportion or percent of the spins were heads? - 9/25 where heads or 36%. D. Based on your results find a 95% confidence interval for the true proportions of heads that would come up when spinning a penny. Interpret your interval.

- (7.4434, 17.5566) - If the experiment was repeated approximately 95% of the results would be between 7.4434 and 17.5566. E. We would like a smaller margin of error (shorter confidence interval) than the one you found in part d. How many times would you have to spin the penny to estimate the proportion of heads within +/- 0.02 with 95% confidence? Use .5 as the conservative guess for p. - About 67 times.