HL Chemistry: Schweitzer s Exam Part A: Multiple Choice 1. Which of these are likely to appear in the atoms of a metal?

a)low IE, high EA b) high IE, high EN c) low AR, high IE d) high AR, low IE 2. Which of the following ions is likely to have an irregular electron configuration? a) Rb 2+ b) Ga2+ c) Zn2+ d) Ru 2+ 3. Which quantum number indicates the number of energy levels in an atom? a) ml b) l c) n d) ms 4. How many orbitals could there theoretically be in the 10th energy level? a) 1000 b) 2000 c) 19 d) 10 5. Which complex ion below is likely to be coloured? a) Ca(H2O)6 b) Ca(NH3)4

c) Mn(Cl)3 d) Fe(He)3 6. How many sigma bonds are the in a molecule of toluene? a) 3 b)4 c)7 d) 10 7. How many pi bonds are there in a molecule of benzoic acid? a) 0 b)1 c)3 d)4

8. ????

9. Which of the following are meta directors? 1. OH 2. COOCH3 3. NO2

a) 1 and 2 b) 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 10. Which of the following does not exhibit conjugation? a) 1,3 cyclopentadiene b) propanoic acid c) benzene

d) 1,4,7 nonatriene 11. Which of the following is a structural isomer of cyclohexane? a) 2-methyl pentane b) 2-methyl 1-pentene c) (E) 2, 3 dimethylhex-2-ene d) 4-methyl 1-pentyne 12. Which of the following chemicals can make a carboxylic acid (?) from 2, 5-dimethyl hexan2-ol? a) FeCl3 b) KMnO4 c)K2Cr2O7 d)H2SO4 13. Which of the following chemicals will make a carboxylic acid from 1-butanol? a) FeCl3 b) KMnO4 c) K2Cr2O7 d) H2SO4 14. The reaction of chlorine with 2-pentene is classified as: a) Electrophillic substitution b) Nucleophillic substitution c) Electrophillic elimination d) Nucleophillic elimination 15. The reaction of 1-bromo4-methylhexane with orthoxylene is classified as: a) Electrophillic substitution b) Nucleophillic substitution c) Electrophillic eliminationnvm

d) Nucleophillic elimination 16. Which of the following cannot be hydrated? a) methyl propanoate b) butanol c) 2-butanol d) butanoic acid 17. Which of the following cannot be oxidized? a) butanal b)butanoic acid c)butanone d)1-butene 18. What is the enthalpy change when 1kg of iron is reacted in excess with oxygen? 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3 a)7.38 MJ b)29.5 MJ c)160 MJ d)23 MJ 19. When delta G is zero, the reaction is: a)spontaneous b)non spontaneous c)non spontaneous only at high temperatures d)at equilibrium 20. When heat is removed from a gas, the temperature will level out. This is due to: a) formation of intramolecular bonds b)decrease in kinetic energy delta H= -1648 kJ

c)increase in kinetic energy d) increase in Gibb s Free energy 21. If the rate order of a reaction is two, which of the following could be the rate determining step? a) A B+C b) 2A+B C c) A+B C+D d) A 2B 22. If the RDS is bimolecular, the rate order is: a) <2 b)>2 c) 2 d) cannot be determined 23. If the delta S for a reaction is negative, which way will the Maxwell Boltzmann curve be shifted? a)left b)right c)doesn t move d)can t be determined 24. If the delta H of a reaction is negative, which way will the Maxwell Boltzmann curve be shifted? a)left b)right c)doesn t move d)can t be determined 25. If the half life remains constant throughout a reaction, the order must be: a) 0 b) 1

c) 2 d) 3 26. Which of the following cannot be used to determine the rate of a chemical reaction? a)mass b)pH c)colour d)viscosity 27. A second order reaction will be linear in a graph of: a) [A] vs T b) 1/ [A] vs t c)log [A] vs t d)none of the above 28. The spontaneity of a reaction can be determined using: a) delta H b) delta S c) Ea and T d) delta S and T 29. Which of the following will not affect the rate of reaction? a)temperature b)surface area c)concentration d)none of the above 30. Which of the following is not a catalyst? a)AlCl3 b)H2SO4

c)Pd d)K2Cr2O7 Part B: Short Answer 1. a) ?? b) Draw arrows on the diagram below to represent the emission spectra of hydrogen c) consider a transition metal complex i) define the term ligand, identify what is bonded to what Ligands are neutral molecules or anions which contain a non-bonding pair of electrons. These electron pairs can form co-ordinate colvalent bonds with the metal ion to form complex ions ii) write the full electron configuration for Fe 3+ and hence determine the number of electrons

1s22s22p63s23p63d5
d) Explain why many transition metal d-block complexes are coloured in complex ions, the d orbitals are split into two distinct levels. The enrgy difference between the levels corresponds to a particular wavelength or frequency in the visible region of the spectrum . when light falls on the complex, energy of a particular wavelength is absorbed and electrons are excited from the lower level to the higher level. 2. Explain the differences in boiling point of the following: Ammonia (-33) methanamine (-6) methylmethanamine The reason for the higher boiling points of the primary amines is that they can form hydrogen bonds with each other as well as van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions, where as methanamine cannot, as they only have dispersion forces and dipole dipole interactions 3. Draw VSEPR for ClF4- and Al(H2O)6. Predict the bond angles around the central atom in one case

trigonal bipyramidal for cl4- and

4 We have a bomb calorimeter, mass of glucose sample = 0.4697g heat capacity of system: 10114kJ a) Calculate the delta T for water surrounding the combustion chamber heat = (heat capacity of calorimeter)(Tf - Ti) b) determine the amount, in moles, of glucose c) calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of glucose

When sucrose burns in oxygen the heat given off (q) will raise the temperature of the system by an amount equal to q / mc, where m is the mass of system and c the specific heat capacity of the system. i.e. q = mc T Then enthalpy change is then given by H = -q / n where n is the moles of sucrose oxidised (burned): H = -mc T / n, and n = m(s) / M(s) where m(s) is the moles of sucrose (in this case m(s) = 0.4385 g) and M(s) is the molar mass of sucrose(M(s) = 342.2965 g mol). In this example you have been given the heat capacity of the system, which is the product mc = 10.114 kJ K, rather than the specific heat capacity. So we can write now, H = -(mc). T.M(s) / m(s) = -(10.114)(0.67)(342.2965) / (0.4385) = -5289 kJ mol. The enthalpy change for the combustion of sucrose is calculated to be -5289 kJ mol.

d) Using table 12 of the data booklet, calculate the error for this experiment e) A hypothesis is suggested that TNT, 1,3,5 trimethylbenzene has a large enthalpy of combustion, a high reaction rate, and a large volume of gas generated upon combustion Use your answer in part c and the following to evaluate this hypothesis: Chemical Glucose TNT Equation for boom! C6H12O6 +12 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O 2C7H5N3O6 7CO +7C + 5H2O + 3N2

Choose either question 5 or 6. 5. A natural allotrope of sulfur is solid consisting of an eight atom ring. The H of formation of SO2 is 296.9 KJ/mol and an S-S bond is 266 KJ/mol a) determine the average bond energy in an SO2 molecule Define the term average bond enthalpy. b) Predict whether your answer in part a) is accurate. Justify. c) What predictions can you make about the change in entropy when hex-1-ene gas C6H12 burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water? Write an equation to represent this reaction.

Use the data below to calculate the values of delta H and delta S Substance Enthalpy of formation Entropy O2 (g) 0 205 C6H12 -43

Calculate the standard free energy change for the reaction. State and explain whether or not the combustion of C6H12 is spontaneous. 6. Nitrogen oxide reacts with hydrogen as shown below. 2NO + 2H2 N2 + 2H2O The table below shows rates. Experiment Initial [NO]mol/L Initial [H2] mol/L Initial rate of N2 1 0.1 0.1 2.53 x10 ^-6 2 0.1 0.2 5.05 x10 ^-6 3 0.2 0.1 10.1 x10 ^-6 4 0.3 0.1 22.9 x10 ^-6 a) Determine the rate with respect to NO, and with respect to H2. Explain how you determined the order for NO. b) Write the rate expression for the reaction. k[NO]^2[H2] c) Calculate the value for the rate constant including units. K = rate / [h2][no]^2 = 8.33 * 10^4 dm^3 mol -1 s -1 d) A suggested mechanism is as follows. H2 + NO X fast step X + NO Y + H2O slow step Y + H2 N2 + H2O fast step 1) H2O + N 2) N and O 3) O State and explain whether this mechanism agrees with your answer in b). e) Define the term molecularity.

Molecularity in chemistry is the number of colliding molecular entities that are involved in a single reaction step.[1] While the order of a reaction is derived experimentally, the molecularity is a theoretical concept and can only be applied to elementary reactions.

f) Explain why a single step mechanism is unlikely for this reaction.

If the reaction 2NO+2H2--->N2+2H2O were single step, four molecules 2 NO and 2 H2 would have to collide simultaneously. This is just too rare an event. (Two molecules colliding happens all the time,; three is rare, but possible)

g) Deduce how the initial rate of formation of H2O (g) changes in experiment 1. Explain. Further Organic Chemistry 1.a) Hydrogen Cyanide reacts with an aldehyde or ketone, write the reaction of HCN with propanone. b)Describe, using curly arrows, this mechanism.

c) Write the equation for the acid hydrolysis of this product. CH3COCH3 + HCN --------> CH3.C(OH)CN.CH3 d) Identify two functional groups. 2. Grignard reaction can be quite exothermic. Why isn t water used to cool down these reactions? carbon would be a very strong base, much stronger than needed to take an H+ from water to generate the weaker base OH-. A practical consequence of this is that Grignard reagents must be kept dry, away from even the slightest traces of moisture, lest they be destroyed by reaction with water. a) Write the reaction between bromoethane and dry ice. b)What reagents would be needed to produce 3-methyl 2-pentanol ?

3. a) Benzene can be represented as either (ring with 3 lines) or (ring with circle). Use the information from Table 9 to explain the first structure. b) The enthalpy change for the hydrogenation of cyclohexatriene is shown below. C6H6 + H2 C6H8 C6H6 + 3H2 C6H12 delta H = -210 kJ/mol delta H=

Explain how this info can be used to support structure A. c) Explain what the circle in structure 2 means. In benzene itself, these atoms are hydrogens. The double bonds are separated by single bonds so we recognize the arrangement as involving conjugated double bonds. An alternative symbol uses a circle inside the hexagon to represent the six pi electrons.

4.a) Propane reacts rapidly with chlorine, what else is needed for the reaction to occur? b) Write equations to show the mechanism of the reaction.
Gas phase, utraviolet light initiated C3H8 (g) + Cl2 (g) C3H7Cl (g) + HCl (g) Mechanism: Cl2 2 Cl [Initiation step, two chlorine radical atoms formed by UV) Cl + C3H8 HCl + C3H8 [Propagation step, propane radical formed] C3H8 + Cl2 C3H7Cl + Cl [2nd propagation step, chlorine radical atom regenerated]

5. There are two distinct classes of polymerization reactions. a) Identify them.

Addition polymers form: y y when unsaturated carbon (organic) molecules react to form a long chain polymer molecule and no small molecules or atoms are eliminated during the reaction

Condensation polymers form: y y when bifunctional monomers react to form a long chain polymer molecule small molecules, such as water, are eliminated during the reaction

Polyesters, polyamides, proteins and polysaccharides

b) Describe using curly arrows the general reaction mechanism for one.