Grammar IV

1. Part of Speech
A. Noun 1). What Noun is Person : John, Natalie Place : Yogyakarta, Florida Quality : brightness, capability Thing : tiger, furniture Action & Occurrence : journey, meeting, conference 2). Noun Function Subject: John loves Natalie. Object : John loves Natalie. Object of Preposition: You can live without me. Appositive1 : Uncle Jackson, Nurse Yunita Complement: Yunita is a nurse. B. Noun Phrase 1). What Noun Phrase is A phrase may consist of one word or more One word : wedding, party Two words : wedding party, his address 2). Noun Phrase Function Subject : The wedding party has begun. Object : I like the wedding party. Object of Preposition: I think of his wedding party. C. Noun Clause 1). What Noun Clause is A group of words containing a subject and a predicate It usually begins with a subordinator or a clause marker like that, which, because, who, whatever, etc 2). Noun Clause Function Subject : What she did last night is not my concern. Object : I dont know what she did last night. Complement : My biggest mistake is that I let her go alone. Object of Preposition: I think of what she did last night. Adjective Complement: I am happy that you come on time.

Task: Make your own examples and submit at the end of the class.

1 A noun which is used to explain another noun

Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 1 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.

For the Lecturer

Exercise Correct the following sentences: 1. I know when will he arrive. 2. I am concerned about when he arrive will. 3. When will he arrive is not important. 1. I know when he will arrive. (as object of verb) 2. I am concerned about when he will arrive. (as object of preposition) 3. When he will arrive is not important. (as subject) Lanjut ke str Philip p.115 Indicate if the following sentences are correct ( C ) or incorrect! ______1. I know what you did. ______2. What you did was wrong. ______3. Talked about what we should do for the task. (I) missing subject ______4. When you should submit the assignment is determined by the lecturer. ______5. The schedule indicated if the teams would be playing in the final game. ______6. Why the condition of the patient deteriorated so rapidly it was not explained. (Extra subject it; so, omit it) ______7. The contract will be awarded is the question to be answered at the meeting. (missing connector/clause marker; it could be when the contract will be awarded. Clause Marker/connector as Subjects It is important to understand that in some patterns of sentence, the clause markers (what, who, whoever, etc.) or subordinator/connector are also the subject of the clause. _____ 8. I know what is in the box. ______9. We are concerned about who will do the work. ______10. What was on television made me angry. ______10. Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift. ______11. What happened was great. ______12. You should find out which the best English department. ( missing verb; it could be which is) ______13. The motorist was unable to discover who he had struck his car. (extra subject; omit he) ______14. You should buy whatever the cheapest and most durable. (missing verb; could be whatever is) ______15. You could spend your time with whoever important of you. (missing verb; could be whoever is)

I know what happened. ( c ) What happened was great. (C ) (the subject) Suggested Reading Deborah PhilipsLongman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: Skills and Strategies (2nd Edition), 2000, Jakarta: Prenhallindo. Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 2 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.

The Students Hand Out Exercise

Warming Up Exercise: 1. I know when will he arrive. (Noun Clause as.. 2. I am concerned about when he arrive will. (Noun Clause as 3. When will he arrive is not important. (Noun Clause as.

Indicate if the following sentences are correct ( C ) or incorrect! ______1. I know what you did. ______2. What you did was wrong. ______3. Talked about what we should do for the task. ______4. When you should submit the assignment is determined by the lecturer. ______5. The schedule indicated if the teams would be playing in the final game. ______6. Why the condition of the patient deteriorated so rapidly it was not explained. ______7. The contract will be awarded is the question to be answered at the meeting. ______ 8. I know what is in the box. ______9. We are concerned about who will do the work. ______10. What was on television made me angry. ______10. Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift. ______11. What happened was great. ______12. You should find out which the best English department. ______13. The motorist was unable to discover who he had struck his car. ______14. You should buy whatever the cheapest and most durable. ______15. You could spend your time with whoever important of you.

What goes around comes around

Suggested Reading Deborah PhilipsLongman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: Skills and Strategies (2nd Edition), 2000, Jakarta: Prenhallindo.

Grammar IV
Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 3 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.

2. Part of Speech ( Adjective)

A. Adjective Is a part of speech used to modify noun Suffixes: 1. able : comfortable 2. ous : marvelous, previous 3. er : larger, bigger 4. ly : weekly, monthly, motherly, friendly 5. Etc.

B. Descriptive Adjectives and Limiting Adjectives2

1. Descriptive Adjectives E.g., beautiful, colorful

2. Limiting Adjectives Articles : a, an, the. Cardinal number : one, two, three, etc. Ordinal number : the first, the second, etc. Demonstrative : this, that, these, those. Possessive : my, your, his, her, etc. Quantity : few, many, much. Verbal Adjectives: 1). Present participle : singing bird, crying woman 2). Past participle : fried chicken, broken wings Note: -ing participle is for an active adjective stating what one or something does or feel. Past participle is for a passive adjective stating what happens to the noun it modifies. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Adjective Ordering

Determiner: a, an, the, etc. Subjective or evaluative adjective: beautiful, smart, etc. Measurement adjective: old, new, big, small, tiny, etc. Coloration adjective: black, white, yellow, etc. Material/origin adjective: wooden, plastic, French, American, etc. Headword. Therefore, instead of saying an American interesting movie, we ought to say an interesting American movie (1,2,5,6). Another example is: a beautiful old black wooden statue (1,2,3,4,5,6). Adjective Phrase

An adjective phrase may consist of one single adjective (e.g., strong), two (e.g., very strong) or more (e.g., a beautiful old black wooden (statue)). Another opinion states that an adjective phrase, basically, is a combination between a preposition (at, between, by, for, from, in, of, on, through, to, with) and a noun phrase (e.g., The view through the window of the hotel is very beautiful.). Keep in mind, the main function of adjective is to modify a noun. Examples: 1. The man in the living room is looking for you. 2. The building at the end of this
2 Binsar Sihombing & Barbara Burton, S, English Grammar Comprehension, Jakarta: Grasindo, 2008

Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 4 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.

street is the post office. Hyphenated Adjective

For examples: a thirteen-floor apartment, the four-hundredpage novel Adjective Clause

Clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate The function of an adjective clause is to modify a noun Examples: 1. The novel that she is reading is mine. 2. The man whom I met last night is here now. The Reduction of Adjective Clauses into Adjective Phrases

Read the following material written by K Hanson3! Adjective clauses can be reduced to adjective phrases under certain grammatical conditions. In the examples below, you will see a noun modified by an adjective clause and then an example of the same noun modified by the shorter adjective phrase. The dots indicate that the main clause is incomplete as you are focusing only on clause-to-phrase reduction in these examples. For such reductions to occur, the relative pronoun must be a subject pronoun in all cases. Grammatical Condition Clause Phrase people living in large cities... Students studying at urban campuses... Children born with congenital heart disease... (the preferred style) Children most likely to recover from serious illness... Dr. Francisco Ramirez, chief pediatric surgeon at Children's Hospital,... the appositive phrase is preferred style and is non-restrictive.

Verb in adjective clause People who live in large is an active verb cities... Students who are Verb in adjective clause studying at urban is progressive campuses... Children who are born Verb in adjective clause with congenital heart is passive disease... Adj. clause has the verb Children who are most be + adjective + likely to recover from infinitive complement serious illness... Dr. Francisco Ramirez, Adj. clause has another who is chief pediatric name for the modified surgeon at Children's noun (an appositive) Hospital,...

3 (http://www.eslstation.net/ESL310L/adjective_phrases.htm (August 2, 2009) Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 5 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.

Exercises: 4:

Lecturer Hand-Out

Adjective clauses with subject pronouns can be reduced to make adjective phrases. The actress who is performing in the play is famous. The actress performing in the play is famous. adjective clause A clause has a subject and a verb

adjective phrase A phrase has no subject or verb.

Adjective clauses that do not have subject pronouns cannot be reduced. The book which I read last week is great. adjective clause This adjective clause has an object pronoun.

To reduce adjective clauses with "be" verb form, omit the relative pronoun and the "be" verb form. The woman who is teaching my son to swim lives next door to me. adjective clause Subject = who "Be" verb form = is teaching

The woman teaching my son to swim lives next door to me. John, who is my teacher, is going to Tokyo next month. John, my teacher, is going to Tokyo next month.

adjective phrase Omit "who" and "is" Keep "teaching" adjective clause Subject = who "Be" verb form = is

adjective phrase Omit "who" and "is"

To reduce adjective clauses without the "be" verb form, omit the relative pronoun and change the verb to its -ing form. The man who lives upstairs sells computers. The man living upstairs sells computers. The car that drove through the red light was photographed by the police. The car driving through the red light was photographed by the police. adjective clause Subject = who Verb = lives

adjective phrase Omit subject Change "lives" to "living" adjective clause Subject = that Verb = drove

adjective phrase Omit subject Change "drove" to "driving"

Use a comma to separate an adjective phrase from the independent clause if the adjective phrase is not needed to identify the subject. Mary, sitting over there, is my sister. use Mary is the subject. The subject is commas identified. Therefore, the adjective phrase is not needed to identify the subject.

Do not use a comma to separate the adjective phrase from the independent clause if the adjective phrase is needed to identify the subject. That woman sitting over there is my sister. do not use commas That woman is the subject. The subject is NOT identified. Therefore, the adjective phrase is needed to identify the subject. Students Hand-Out

Exercises::

Adjective clauses with subject pronouns can be reduced to make adjective phrases.

4 http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/sample/intermediate/gs/gs_25a.htm (August 2, 2009) Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 6 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.

The actress who is performing in the play is famous.

adjective clause

A clause has a subject and a verb

adjective phrase A phrase has no subject or verb. Adjective clauses that do not have subject pronouns cannot be reduced. The book which I read last week is great. adjective clause This adjective clause has an object pronoun.

To reduce adjective clauses with "be" verb form, omit the relative pronoun and the "be" verb form. The woman who is teaching my son to swim lives next door to me. adjective clause Subject = who "Be" verb form = is teaching

adjective phrase Omit "who" and "is" Keep "teaching" John, who is my teacher, is going to Tokyo next month. adjective clause Subject = who "Be" verb form = is

adjective phrase Omit "who" and "is" To reduce adjective clauses without the "be" verb form, omit the relative pronoun and change the verb to its -ing form. The man who lives upstairs sells computers. adjective clause Subject = who Verb = lives

adjective phrase Omit subject Change "lives" to "living" The car that drove through the red light was photographed by the police. adjective clause Subject = that Verb = drove

adjective phrase Omit subject Change "drove" to "driving" Use a comma to separate an adjective phrase from the independent clause if the adjective phrase is not needed to identify the subject. Mary, sitting over there, is my sister. use Mary is the subject. The subject is commas identified. Therefore, the adjective phrase is not needed to identify the subject.

Do not use a comma to separate the adjective phrase from the independent clause if the adjective phrase is needed to identify the subject. That woman sitting over there is my sister. do not use commas That woman is the subject. The subject is NOT identified. Therefore, the adjective phrase is needed to identify the subject.

Mid-Term of Structure & Grammar IV Name: ____________________ Short Semester of 2009 NPM : ____________________ English Education Department of STAIN Metro

Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 7 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.

A. Underline the Noun Clauses (hereafter NC) of the following sentences and state their functions in the sentences! Example: Question: What she did last night is not my concern. Answer : What she did last night is not my concern. (NC functions as Subject) 1. The schedule indicated if the teams would be playing in the final game. (NC functions as Object..) 2. Johns greatest achievement was that he got A for English Syntax class. (NC functions as Complement..) 3. She believes in whatever you said. (NC functions as Object of Prepositition..) 4. She is sad that she cannot be with you right now. (NC functions as Adjective Complement..) B. Indicate if the following sentences are correct ( C ) or incorrect ( I ) ! ______5. What comes around goes around. ______6. I should find out who the best student in this best English department. ( missing verb; it could be who is) ______7. He cannot explain who he had stolen the jewelry. (extra subject; omit he) C. Reduce the Following Adjective Clauses into Adjective Phrases
8. People who are born with great talent might be successful in their life.

Short Semester, STAIN Metro July 2009 8 Prepared by Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum.