1 AUTOMATIC VEHICLE IDENFICATION SYSTEM

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE 1.2 SCOPE 2. BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.1 TRANSMITTER 2.2 RECIEVER 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 2.1 TRANSMITTER 2.2 RECIEVER 4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3.1 TRANSMITTER 3.2 RECIEVER 3.3 POWER SUPPLY 5. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 6. SOFTWARE 5.1 TRANSMITTER 5.2 RECIEVER 7. FLOW CHART 6.1 TRANSMITTER 6.2 RECIEVER 8. VISUAL BASICB-AN INTRODUCTION 9. PCB LAYOUT 10. PCB FABRICATION 11. COST ESTIMATION 12. CONCLUSION 13. REFERENCE 14. DATASHEET

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1. INTRODUCTION

A well automated vehicle entry system will help to identify the vehicles to the certain area such as warehouse. Identification system attached in each gate will identify the vehicle no., type etc. and it will decide whether it is to be allowed or not. Allowed vehicle will be passed in to the warehouse rest of all will be blocked. It will also help us to make an accurate database of the vehicles entered. A Microcontroller in each vehicle will transmit the identity when reach them near to gates of the warehouse.

1.1 PURPOSE

This project can be used to improve the security system especially in the case of military applications.
1.2 SCOPE

This project can be improvised by using bluetooth software. For this purpose a camera is placed at the transmitter side (vehicle). The image of the person inside the vehicle can be screened and sent to the receiver section using bluetooth software. If it is the right person then the gated will be opened, else it will remain closed.

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2. BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.1 TRANSMITTER

Microcontroller

Modulated IR Transmitter

IR LED

2.2 RECEIVER

Modulated IR Receiver

UART Microcontroller

Gate control

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3. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

3.1 TRANSMITTER
To be fitted on the vehicle side Microcontroller (AT89C51) stores the vehicle ID AT89C51 sends the ID serially to the modulated IR transmitter The modulated IR transmitter consist of 555 timer and IR LED. IR transmitter sends the ID data as Infra Red Signal Communication Method is by UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) IR led transmits the ID at the modulated frequency of 38 KHz

3.2 RECEIVER
To be placed in the gate side Modulated receiver section consist of a TSOP 1738(Thin Small Outline Package) TSOP 1738 is a infrared sensor Reads the data from the vehicle when the code is transmitted Identifies the vehicle by its code and take appropriate action. Displays the appropriate action and type on the LCD display. MAX 232 is used to interface PC and a microcontroller in the receiver side The database of the vehicles are stored in the PC

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4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
4.1 TRANSMITTER

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4.2 RECEIVER

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4.3.1 POWER SUPPLY (+5 VOLT and +12 VOLT)

4.3.2 POWER SUPPLY( +5 VOLT )

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5. CIRCUIT WORKING
The heart of this circuit is ATMEL made AT89C51 Micro-controller. It is an 8-bit Micro-controller with 4 KB program flash memory. Its external memory addressing capacity is 4 KB. The entire circuit is controlled by AT89C51 Micro-controller. In this two Microcontrollers are used One in the transmitter end and other in receiver end. Micro-controllers are nothing but a micro computer. It is a microprocessor along with I/O ports, timer/counters, single LSI/VLSI chip. A digital computer having microprocessor as the CPU along with memory and I/O device is called a microcontroller. A microcontroller is essentially designed for a dedicated application and hence is called a dedicated microcontroller

5.1 TRANSMITTER
In the transmitter section a code is transmitted serially. For this purpose a microcontroller is used to store the ID, to transmit the code .With respect to the user id, one of the pin of PORT-1 is grounded through hardware .A crystal oscillator with frequency 11.059 MHz is used to se the baud rate the reset pin is connected to the RC network to give a high pulse to microcontroller when power is switched on. TSOP at the receiver can only sense the signal of 38 KHz . So an astable multivibrator of 38 KHz using 555 timer is designed and setup. The UART output is connected to the reset pin of 555 timer . When a high pulse occurs at the 555 timer , it get reseted . As a result there is no transmission . But when a low pulse occurs it works in a astable mode and hence transmission is possible through IR LED.

5.2 RECEIVER
A Thin Small Outline Package (TSOP 1738) is used to sense the signal transmitted from the transmitter section. Usually the output o of the TSOP is a high signal. This signal is the complement of the actual code, so an inverter is used to get back the actual code. Now the code is fed to the RXD pin of the Micro-controller. The code received is compared with the master code. If the two codes are the same, it commands the LCD to display access granted, simultaneously the motor is driven by the relay and the gate is opened. After the vehicle crosses the gate is closed. On the other hand if there is a mismatch in the code, the access is denied by the Microcontroller.

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To allow the compatibility among the data communication between the PC and the Micro-controller an interfacing standard device MAX 232 is used. The PC contains the database of the user.

5.3 POWER SUPPLY

Power supply is built by using center tapped rectifier, filter and 7805 is used for 5v and 7812 for 12v.

regulators.

Features of 7805 and 7812 Regulators:

Output current up to 1.5 a Thermal overload protection Short circuit protection Output transition protection

The L7800 series of three-terminal positive regulators is available packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications. These regulators can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

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LCD monitor:

1 5

VC C

1 CON 3 2 R 9 1 0K D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L S 2 5 4 1 2 C R E L A Y S P D T O N 2 J 2 2 3 1 2 U U C O M 7 L N 2 0 0 3 A 9 3

16*2 LCD Module

1 GN D RS R/W EN

LCD display used for displaying the output. LCD display has 15 pin (8- data line 3- control line 2 power line and a contrast line). Data line and control line are connected to micro controller. Contrast line is connected to a voltage divider using a preset. Contrast can vary by this preset.

RELAY DRIVER SECTION:

ULN 2004 Relay driver is used to drive the relays. That can drive unto 7 relays. It provides 7 channels with internal diode protection.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C

16 15 14 13 12 11 10

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4 5 6 + 1

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ULN 2004

Internal Diagram of ULN 2004

Features: o Seven darlingtons per package o output current 500ma per driver(600ma peak) o output voltage 50v o integrated suppression diodes for inductive loads outputs can be paralleled for higher current TTL/CMOS/PMOS/DTL compatible inputs

o inputs pinned opposite outputs to simplify layout

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Internal Schematic of each input/outputs in ULN2004

ULN 2004s input is connected to microcontroller port pins with pull-ups. When microcontroller place a high at its inputs, the Relay will switch on. Internal diodes provide better protection for the IC when back emf produced in the relay due to self inductance. There is no need of current limiting resistor in between microcontroller and switching IC because it has internal resistor as shown in above figure.

6. SOFTWARE
6.1 TRANSMITTER
//BATCH 14 //vehicle ID TXR #include <reg51.H> sbit sel1=P1^0; sbit sel2=P1^1; sbit sel3=P1^2;

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sbit sel4=P1^3; sbit sel5=P1^4; sbit sel6=P1^5; sbit sel7=P1^6; sbit sel8=P1^7; unsigned int cod=1234; main() { TMOD=0x20; // Set timer modes for UART TH1=208; // Set baud rate TR1=1; //Run timer SCON=0x50; // Set serial mode P1=0X0FF; while(1) //End less loop { if(!sel1) cod=1111;

if(!sel2) cod=2222;

if(!sel3) cod=3333;

if(!sel4) cod=4444;

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if(!sel5) cod=5555;

if(!sel6) cod=6666;

if(!sel7) cod=7777;

if(!sel8) cod=8888;

SBUF=0xAA; while(!TI); TI=0;

SBUF=cod%10; while(!TI); TI=0;

cod=cod/10; SBUF=cod%10; while(!TI); TI=0;

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cod=cod/10;

SBUF=cod%10; while(!TI); TI=0;

SBUF=cod/10; while(!TI); TI=0;

6.2 RECEIVER
//BATCH 14 #include<reg51.h> char*ascii;

sbit gate0=P2^7; sbit gate1=P2^6; sbit rs=P1^0; sbit rw=P1^1; sbit en=P1^2; sbit busy=P0^7; sbit cross=P1^3;

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unsigned char temp1; unsigned int cod,rec,rec1,rec2,rec3,rec4;

void ready() { en=0; rs=0; rw=1; P0=0xff; wait: en=1; if(!busy) return; en=0; goto wait; }

void cmd_lcd(unsigned char cmd) { ready(); en=0; rs=0; rw=0; P0=cmd; en=1;

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en=0; }

void ini_lcd() { cmd_lcd(0x38); cmd_lcd(0x0c); cmd_lcd(0x06); cmd_lcd(0x01); }

void data_lcd(unsigned char dat) { ready(); en=0; rs=1; rw=0; P0=dat; en=1; en=0; }

void delay(unsigned int second) { unsigned int i,j;

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for(j=0;j<second;j++) for(i=0;i<484;i++); }

void disp_str(unsigned char num) { for(temp1=0;temp1<num;temp1++) data_lcd(ascii[temp1]); }

main() { TMOD=0x20; TH1=208; TR1=1; SCON=0x50;

ini_lcd(); cmd_lcd(0x01); ascii="AVI SYSTEM"; disp_str(10);

while(1) { if(RI)

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{ rec=SBUF; RI=0;

if(rec==0xAA) { while(!RI); rec1=SBUF; RI=0;

while(!RI); rec2=SBUF; RI=0;

while(!RI); rec3=SBUF; RI=0;

while(!RI); rec4=SBUF; RI=0;

cod=(rec1*1000)+(rec2*100)+(rec3*10)+(rec4);

if( (cod==1111) || (cod ==2222) || (cod==3333) || (cod ==4444) || (cod==5555) || (cod==6666) || (cod==7777))

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{ cmd_lcd(0x01); ascii="ACESS GRANTED"; disp_str(12); SBUF='S'; delay(10); while(!TI); TI=0;

SBUF=rec1; while(!TI); TI=0;

SBUF=rec2; while(!TI); TI=0;

SBUF=rec3; while(!TI); TI=0;

SBUF=rec4; while(!TI); TI=0;

cmd_lcd(0xC0);

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ascii="OPENING..."; disp_str(10);

delay(4000); gate0=0; gate1=0;

cmd_lcd(0xC0); ascii="OPENED!"; disp_str(7);

delay(1000);

while(cross); delay(1000);

cmd_lcd(0xC0); ascii="CLOSING..."; disp_str(10);

gate0=0; gate1=1;

delay(4000); gate0=0; gate1=0;

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cmd_lcd(0xC0); ascii="CLOSED!"; disp_str(7);

delay(10); } else cmd_lcd(0x01); ascii="ACESS DENIED"; disp_str(12); } } } }

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7. FLOW CHART
7.1 TRANSMITTER

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7.2 RECEIVER

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8. PCB LAYOUT
555 TIMER SECTION ( TRANSMITTER )

9. PCB FABRICATION
PCB Design:

Orcad is used to prepare PCB and schematic. Orcad capture is used to draw the schematic, Orcad layout is used to draw the PCB layout. Netlist is generated from schematic drawn in orcad capture. It is imported in Orcad layout, placed and routed the PCB. PCB Preparation: Layout is printed on a butter paper (transparent paper). It is screen printed on the copper clad, etched by using ferric chloride solution and drilled by using a PCB drill.

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Development Tools 1. Orcad Capture (Schematic) 2. Orcad layout (PCB) 3. Keil uVision (C compiler)

Prepare Schematic in Orcad Capture Generate Netlist for Layout

Draw PCB Layout in Orcad Layout using above Netlist Generate Gerber file and make printouts

10. COST ESTIMATION

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ITEM
a. AT89C51 b. Crystal Oscillator c. 555 Timer d. IR LED e. TSOP 1738 f. 7404 g. LCD 16X2 h. Relay i. Motor j. ULN 2004 k. Battery 9V l. MAX 232 m. Resistors and capacitors m.1 Resistor m.2 Capacitor n. Transformer o. Diode 1N4007 p. Regulators( 7805 and 7812 ) q. Bread board r. Copper Clad

QUANTITY
2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1

RATE
90 10 15 5 35 15 120 30 70 25 35 25

14 19 2 2 3 2

4 20 100 10 45 130 80

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TOTAL

864

11. CONCLUSION
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In this system , the transmitted code from the vehicle is compared with the master code and if it matches the gate will open . Microcontroller is interfaced with PC where it stores the database of the user like their name, vehicle id , designation etc . It also display the time when they entered the organization and how many times they entered . Hence automatic vehicle identification system support security more successful than manual system .

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. 8051 programming and applications by Kenneth J Ayala 2. www.atmel.com 3. www.keil.com

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