Liu Manhong, Mannie Professor, Renmin University Prof.

Shi Qingqi China Federation of IT Protection, Committee on Green Economy and Informationization Feb. 27, 2012, Manila
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Survey 2011 data

The following few slides are based on the same survey

we presented earlier On this presentation, we focus on how Chinese women entrepreneurs with their future

China SME Survey, 2009 -- Financial Crisis Affect your Business?

no effect small effect some effect big effect

14%

10%

36%

40%

How CWEr view future?

Optimism Pessimism

3%

97%

How to Overcome the Crisis

Into Neo Rural Market

22% 17% 9% 10%

Into Service Industry

Into High-tech Fields

Explore International Market

Expand Domestic Market

61%
Continuing Operation

52%
0% 10% 20% 30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

CWEr work harder, relax less

10.0 9.0 8.0

9.5 9.0 2011 7.3 2009

7.1

7.0
6.0 5.0 4.0

3.1
3.0

2.0
2.0 1.0 0.0

1.8

2.1

Work

Housework

Sleep

Entertainment & Exercise

How CWEr Devote to Future Social Responsibility

77%
80% 70% 60%

70% 63%

50%
40% 30% 20% 10%

43%

26% 26%

0%

Devote to Disaster Relief

Help Vulnerable Groups

Subsidize Education

Support Community Development

Support NGO

Afforestation

A misconception on CWEr
Traditional understanding is: Male entrepreneurs look for P and L (profit and loss)

Female entrepreneurs look also for P and L but they

are: peace and love In FACT: women entrepreneurs are facing increasing challenge on making profit and cutting off losses

CWEr major characteristics

Social Influence Leadershi p

Industry Influence
Charm Ability to breakthrough Balancing Ability

Basic Factors to grow entrepreneurship

The base of the development of Chinas women

entrepreneurship is Chinas overall entrepreneurial development, which in turn depends on the following factors:
Social and political stability; throughout the Chinese

history Economic Development; economic growth More people become rich Entrepreneurial culture Relevant encouragement policies

A Recent Survey by China Merchants Bank (2011)

Chinas private individuals investable

assets reached 62 trillion RMB (close to 1 trillion USD) in 2010 (est, 72 trillion in 2011) Total number of people in
High net worth group: 500,000

Net worth more than 10 million RMB

Very high net worth group: 70.000

Net worth more than 50 million RMB

Net worth more than 100 million RMB

Ultra high net worth group: 20,000

A Recent Survey by China Merchants Bank, II

High net worth people, 50% at age 40 to 50 With college and graduate degree: 80% Among Professional Managers, three

characteristics:
Education level is generally high
Age turns to be young Women to men ratio: 50/50 (notice: here we

are talking about only professional managers)

A Survey from Hurun (2011)

High net worth population: 960,000 Up 9.7% from last year Average age 39 Men and women ratio: 7:3 Ultra high net worth population: 60,000 Average age 43

China High net worth Population: Three Characteristics

(based on HSBC survey 2009)

Age relatively younger: 83% them are below age 55only 17% are age 55 and above; whereas in Japan this group is 73%South Korea is 61% Resources of their assets: First generation entrepreneur 62%no or little inheritance, but in Japan inheritance is about 30% India 23% Singapore 22% Women accounted for a relatively high percentage 38%, whereas in Australiathis number is 15% India: 12%all less than half of that number of China

Two Characteristics, Ms. Shi 2010

CWEs; major ownership is Proprietorship as in many

countries:
China Italy

% of Propietorship

55

25

USA

35

Canada

40

Even though many CWEr in SMEs but there are many

CWEr are in big firms as owners and/or managers

Survey by China State Council Research Center

Male Entre
68.6 61.5 37.1 17.1 31.6 8.5

Female Entre

coornation
Public Relation people skill

CWErs DNA
A Research by <China Entrepreneur> 2008 The comparison between male entrepreneurs and

female entrepreneurs:
Male entrepreneur More aggressive Emphasize more on heroism Expand business horizon Female entrepreneur More defensive Emphasize on team work Deepen current business

Decisive decision making style

Discursive decision making style

30 most successful business women by the same magazine

entrepreneur children of the rich professional managers other second to the business
7% 40% 17%

10%

26%

Government Policies towards CWEr

No specific favorable policies towards Chinese women

entrepreneurs However, there are related policies

to protect women in all occupations in general; To promote women in employment

To encourage women in leadership position

To set up laws to emphasize womens right

All China Federation of Trade Union: China Women Development

Principle (2001-2010_
By Labor Law: prohibit discrimination against women

in employment and promotion: but in reality? Emphasize the importance of government policy: to equalize women with men; but in reality? Encourage women to start up their own business; to be promoted into high management position, but specific policies? Set up quota for women to be in government offices