DOWNDRAG FORCE CALCULATION

PROJECT : apple - HAI PHONG

1. determine settlement of pile.

Prediction the settlement of pile folows the equivalent foundation method
Equation:
In which

S1= Si= ( zi aver .hi ) / Ei

E i :Modulus
ziaver :Vertical pressure

(1)

hi :Thickness soil layer

Due to the input data of pile is unknown, we assumped that settlement of pile is 0,0cm.
2. determine settlement of each soil layers.
Calculation settlement of each cohesive soil layers using following equation:
when
po + p pc
C
p + p

s = H cr lg
1 + eo

po

In which : Ccr : Recompress index

Cc :Compresstion index
pc :Preconsolidation pressure
po :Effective overburden pressure
p :Imposed pressure increase

(2)

C
p C
p + p
when
s = H cr lg c + c lg o
( 3)
po 1 + eo
pc
1 + eo

po + p > pc

BH - no1

3. Determine settlement
Layer
No.

Symbol

1
2
3
4
2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
3
12
13
14
15
16
17
4
18
19
20
21
22
5
23
Total of calculating thickness

Depth

Description

Clay verry soft

Clay , sandy clay

soft

Clay stiff

Clay to firm
H (m)

From

0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
-16.0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
23.0

To

-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
-16.0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
-23.0

Thickness

h (m)

3
(T/m )

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.78
1.78

Layer
35% Layer
Settlement Settlement

0.029
0.029
0.032
0.035
0.039
0.042
0.045
0.045
0.044
0.041
0.038
0.036
0.033
0.032
0.023
0.022
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.020
0.019

Settlement
of pile

S (m)

S1 (m)

0.010
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.244

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Unequal
settlement

4.Dertermine the pile length that will experience negative shaft resistance
Negative shaft resistence occures due to the settlement between soil and pile. The amount of settlement between soil and pile necessary to
mobilize the nagative shaft resistance is about 10 mm. Therefore, nagative shaft resistance will occur on the pile shaft in each soil layer or
portion of a soil layer with a settlement greater than 10 mm.
Therefore the pile segment in layer 2,3 will be subjected to the negative shaft resistances (downdrag).

5. Determine downdrag force

Pile's parameter
Diameter (cm) Perimeter (m)
30
0.942
Soil layer
Layer 2
Layer 3

Depth
(m)
6
5

D/b

cu

20.00
16.67

(T/m2)
1.3
1.26

Magnitude of downdrag force Rs(-)

Rs (-)
(T)
7.3
5.9
13.3

(m)

0.010
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007

6. ANNEX CALCULATION SETTLEMENT

SETTLEMENT CALCULATION
Project:apple - hai phong

I. Input data: BH- NO1

* Ground soil:
Thickness

Symbol

Description

From

To

h (m)

(T/m3)

(%)

Backfilling

0.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
-16.0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
-23.0
-24.0

0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
-16.0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
-23.0
-24.0
-25.0

0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.00
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78

99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
98.60
98.60
98.60
98.60

Depth

Layer
No.
1
2
3
4
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0

Very Soft clay

Clay ,sandy clay

Clay stiff

Clay to firm

Total of calculating thickness

Drainage length (PVDs)

H (m)
d (m)

eo
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14

Pc

Cvx10-4

(T/m2)

(cm2/s)

5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
8.60
8.60
8.60
8.60

24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
17.40
17.40
17.40
17.40
17.40
17.40
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60

Cc

Cr

SPT
(for sand
layer only)

0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27

0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031

0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
3
3
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
6
6
6
6

Po+P

empirical
coefficient

Settlement
Sc (m)

1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1

0.029
0.029
0.032
0.035
0.039
0.042
0.045
0.045
0.044
0.041
0.038
0.036
0.033
0.032
0.023
0.022
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.020
0.019
0.70

25.0
25.0

ii.Primary consolidation settlement without soil improvement by backfilling, compensation and required load

0.7m of compesation

* Loading input:
Required load

L (T/m2)
HTK (m)
Hco (m)
HTC (m)

Backfilling thickness
Compensation
Construction height
Filling slope
Width of slope
Unit weight of filling sand

No.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

1/m
a (m)
d (t/m3)
qE (T/m2)

6.66

Depth

m
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23

m
-0.5
-1.5
-2.5
-3.5
-4.5
-5.5
-6.5
-7.5
-8.5
-9.5
-10.5
-11.5
-12.5
-13.5
-14.5
-15.5
-16.5
-17.5
-18.5
-19.5
-20.5
-21.5
-22.5

m
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

T/m3
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.78
1.78

G
(%)
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
98.60
98.60

Pressure on ground level

3m of backfilling

0.0
3.70
0.00
3.70
2
13
1.80

25.0

eo
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.14
1.14

Pc
(T/m2)
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
8.60
8.60

SPT
(for sand layer only)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
3
3
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
6
6

Cc

Cr

0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.27
0.27

0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

P=q

Po

T/m2
T/m2
6.66
0.39
6.66
1.16
6.66
1.94
6.66
2.71
6.66
3.48
6.66
4.26
6.66
5.03
6.66
5.81
6.66
6.55
6.66
7.26
6.66
7.97
6.66
8.68
6.66
9.40
6.66
10.11
6.66
10.88
6.66
11.70
6.66
12.53
6.66
13.36
6.66
14.18
6.66
15.01
6.66
15.83
6.66
16.64
6.66
17.44
Estimated total con-settlements:

T/m2
7.05
7.82
8.60
9.37
10.14
10.92
11.69
12.47
13.21
13.92
14.63
15.34
16.06
16.77
17.54
18.36
19.19
20.02
20.84
21.67
22.49
23.30
24.10

OCR
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC

1.47
Total primary consolidation settlement by required load, backfilling and compensation is 0.7m. The settlement here exceeds allowable settlement. Thus soil improvement is required here.

DOWNDRAG FORCE CALCULATION

PROJECT : apple - HAI PHONG

1. determine settlement of pile.

Prediction the settlement of pile folows the equivalent foundation method
Equation:

S1= Si= ( zi aver .hi ) / Ei

E i :Modulus
ziaver :Vertical pressure

In which

(1)

hi :Thickness soil layer

Due to the input data of pile is unknown, we assumped that settlement of pile is 0,0cm.
2. determine settlement of each soil layers.
Calculation settlement of each cohesive soil layers using following equation:
when
po + p pc
C
p + p

s = H cr lg
1 + eo

po

In which : Ccr : Recompress index

Cc :Compresstion index
pc :Preconsolidation pressure
po :Effective overburden pressure
p :Imposed pressure increase

( 2)

C
p C
p + p
when
s = H cr lg c + c lg o
( 3)
po 1 + eo
pc
1 + eo

po + p > pc

BH -no13

3. Determine settlement
Layer
No.

Symbol

0
1
1
2
3
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3
11
12
13
14
4a
15
16
17
18
19
4
20
21
22
23
Total of calculating thickness

Thickness

To

h (m)

3
(T/m )

4.20
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
-16.0
16 0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
-23.0

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
10
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.82
1
1.82
82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.78
1.78

Depth

Description

From

Fillsand

Clay verry soft

Clay , sandy clay

soft
Clay firm to soft

Clay stiff

H (m)

0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
15 0
-16.0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
23.0

Layer
Settlement

0.029
0.029
0.032
0.035
0.039
0.042
0.045
0.045
0.044
0.041
0.038
0.036
0.033
0.032
0.030
0.021
0 021
0.020
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.016

35% Layer
Settlement

Settlement
of pile

S (m)

S1 (m)

0.010
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.007
0 007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.244

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0 000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

4.Dertermine the pile length that will experience negative shaft resistance
Negative shaft resistence occures due to the settlement between soil and pile. The amount of settlement between soil and pile necessary to
mobilize the nagative shaft resistance is about 10 mm. Therefore, nagative shaft resistance will occur on the pile shaft in each soil layer or
portion of a soil layer with a settlement greater than 10 mm.
Therefore the pile segment in layer 2,3,4a will be subjected to the negative shaft resistances (downdrag).

5. Determine downdrag force

Pile's parameter
Diameter (cm) Perimeter (m)
30
0.942
Soil layer

Depth
D/b
(m)
Layer 2
5
16.67
Layer 3
5
16.67
Layer 4a
1
3.33
Magnitude of downdrag force Rs(-)

cu
(T/m2)
1.31
1.26
1.85

Rs (-)
(T)
6.2
5.9
1.7
13.8

Unequal
settlement

(m)
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.007
0 007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006

6. ANNEX CALCULATION SETTLEMENT

SETTLEMENT CALCULATION
Project:apple - hai phong

I. Input data: BH- NO13

* Ground soil:
Thickness

Symbol

Description

From

To

h (m)

(T/m3)

(%)

Fill sand

Clay to firm

4.2
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
-16.0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
-23.0
-24.0

0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
-7.0
-8.0
-9.0
-10.0
-11.0
-12.0
-13.0
-14.0
-15.0
-16.0
-17.0
-18.0
-19.0
-20.0
-21.0
-22.0
-23.0
-24.0
-25.0

-4.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.77
1.77
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78

99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
98.60
98.60
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
98.60

H (m)
d (m)

25.0
20.8

Depth

Layer
No.
1
2
3
4
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0

Very Soft clay

Clay ,sandy clay

4a

Clay firm to soft

Clay stiff

5
Total of calculating thickness
Drainage length (PVDs)

eo
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.14

Pc

Cvx10-4

(T/m2)

(cm2/s)

5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
3.90
3.90
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
8.60

24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
17.40
17.40
17.40
17.40
17.40
17.40
17.40
6.48
6.48
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
6.30
5.60

Cc

Cr

SPT
(for sand
layer only)

0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.27

0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.083
0.083
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.031

0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
6
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
6

Po+P

empirical
coefficient
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1

ii Primary consolidation settlement without soil improvement by backfilling,

ii.Primary
backfilling compensation and required load

* Loading input:
Required load
Backfilling thickness
Compensation
Construction height
Filling slope
Width of slope
Unit weight of filling sand
Pressure on ground level

No.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Depth
m
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23

Z
m
-0.5
-1.5
-2.5
-3.5
-4.5
-5.5
-6.5
-7.5
-8.5
-9.5
-10.5
-11.5
-12.5
-13.5
-14.5
-15.5
-16.5
-17.5
-18.5
-19.5
-20.5
-21.5
-22.5

h
m
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

L (T/m2)
HTK (m)
Hco (m)
HTC (m)
1/m
a (m)
d (t/m3)

0.0
3.70
0.00
3.70
2
13
1.80

qE (T/m2)

6.66

G
(%)
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.60
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
99.80
98.60
98.60
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40
99.40

T/m
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.77
1.77
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.78
1.78

0.7m of compesation
3m of backfilling

25.0

eo
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17

Pc
(T/m2)
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
3.90
3.90
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80
9.80

SPT
(for sand layer only)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
6
12
12
12
12
12
12

Cc

Cr

0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22

0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

P=q

Po

T/m2
T/m2
6.66
0.39
6.66
1.16
6.66
1.94
6.66
2.71
6.66
3.48
6.66
4.26
6.66
5.03
6.66
5.81
6.66
6.55
6.66
7.26
6.66
7.97
6.66
8.68
6.66
9.40
6.66
10.11
6.66
10.82
6.66
11.57
6.66
12.35
6.66
13.16
6.66
13.98
6.66
14.81
6.66
15.64
6.66
16.44
6.66
17.23
Estimated total con-settlements:

T/m2
7.05
7.82
8.60
9.37
10.14
10.92
11.69
12.47
13.21
13.92
14.63
15.34
16.06
16.77
17.48
18.23
19.01
19.82
20.64
21.47
22.30
23.10
23.89

Settlement
Sc (m)
0.029
0.029
0.032
0.035
0.039
0.042
0.045
0.045
0.044
0.041
0.038
0.036
0.033
0.032
0.030
0.021
0.020
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.016
0.698

OCR
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC

1.47
Total primary consolidation settlement by required load, backfilling and compensation is 0.7m. The settlement here exceeds allowable settlement. Thus soil improvement is required here.