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What is IP Routing

IP Routing is the process of delivering IP Packets from one device to another, across an IP network, using routers.

IP Routing Overview

routers

AGENDA
What is IP Routing Routing and Switching Routers and Routing Tables Static Versus Dynamic Routing Protocols Interior Versus Exterior Routing Protocols

Postal System
Destination Send to

Maple Road, Edinburgh


Destination

House

Send to

Edinburgh sorting office

International

Dublin Sorting Office

Dublin sorting office Destination Destination 123 Maple Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K Send to London sorting office Destination Send to

U.K

London sorting office Scotland

Edinburgh sorting office

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Ip network
R4 routing table Destination Send to

Packet transmission ARP


100.1.2.3
ETH Src 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa IP Src 200.1.1.1 IP Src 200.1.1.1
Dst 00.00.00.bb.bb.bb ? Dst 100.1.1.1 Dst 200.1.1.2

ARP I have ip address 200.1.1.2 100.1.2.3


R1 routing table Destination Send to

Destination

r4

ARP Who has ip address 200.1.1.2 ?

my mac address is 00.00.00.bb.bb.bb

100.-.-.-

R2

r2
IP
Destination 100.1.2.3 R3 routing table R2 routing table Destination 100.1.2.3 Destination Send to Destination Send to

Ethernet LAN
r3
IP Address MAC Address 200.1.1.1 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa IP Address MAC Address 200.1.1.2 00.00.00.BB.BB.BB

r1

100.1.2.-

R4

100.1.-.-

R3

Packet transmission process 1

Packet transmission process 2

ETH Src 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa IP Src 200.1.1.1


Dst 00.00.00.bb.bb.bb Dst 200.1.1.2

IP Src 200.1.1.1
Dst 200.1.1.2

IP Src 200.1.1.1
Dst 200.1.1.2

ETH Src 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa IP Src 200.1.1.1IP Src 200.1.1.1


Dst 00.00.00.cc.cc.cc Dst 100.1.1.1 Dst 100.1.1.1

IP Src 200.1.1.1
Dst 100.1.1.1

100.1.1.1

Router Ethernet LAN


IP Address MAC Address 200.1.1.1 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa IP Address MAC Address 200.1.1.2 00.00.00.BB.BB.BB IP Address MAC Address Default Gateway 200.1.1.1 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa 200.1.1.100

Ethernet LAN
IP Address MAC Address 200.1.1.100 00.00.00.cc.cc.cc

Internet

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Routing and switching-switching


ETH Src 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa
Dst 00.00.00.BB.bb.bb Mac address 00.00.00.bb.bb.bb

Ip Addressing
IPv4 Address
8bits 0-255 8bits 0-255 8bits 0-255

32 bits
8bits 0-255

Mac address 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa

1/1

1/2 1/3
Mac address 00.00.00.cc.cc.cc

/n

Subnet mask

Ethernet 1/4 LAN


1/1 1/3
Mac address 00.00.00.ee.ee.ee

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 000000000000000000 255.255.0.0

switching table
Mac address interface 1/1 1/2
Mac address 1/4 00.00.00.dd.dd.dd

network N bits example

host (32-n) bits

1/2 00.00.00.aa.aa.aa
00.00.00.bb.bb.bb 00.00.00.cc.cc.cc 00.00.00.dd.dd.dd 00.00.00.ee.ee.ee

1/3

host network 11000000 10101000 00000001 000000001 110000001010100000000001000000001 192.168.1.

1/4

1 255.255.255.0

/24

IP Routing Basics
John wants to exchange information with Bob IP packets needs to be forwarded across network Each router in the network needs to know the next hop of each packet to get to its destination.
R4 Routing Table Destination R3 Routing Table Destination John Bob Next-Hop R2 R4 R3 R4 John Bob Next-Hop R4 R5

Ip Address
network Address host bits =0

Routing tables contain routes to network addresses.


example
network 192.168.1. 1

R1
John

R2 R1 Routing Table R2 Routing Table Destination John Bob Next-Hop R1 R3

R5

host

Bob

/24

R5 Routing Table Destination John Bob Next-Hop R5 Direct

Destination John Bob

Next-Hop Direct R3

network Address

192.168.1.0/24
(All addresses that begin with 192.168.1)

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

Routing table
Src 10.1.1.1 Dst 120.1.1.6

Routing: Static versus Dynamic (1-2)


1/3 1/2 1/1
R3 routing table Network Network A Network B Network C Next-Hop R2 R4 R4 R4 routing table Network Next-Hop R3 R5 R5

Network administrator

Routing table
Net address
All addresses that begin with All addresses 100.1 that begin with All addresses 110 that begin with All addresses 222.1.1 that begin with 120.1.1

R3
R2 routing table

R4

Network A Network B Network C

Next hop 172.16.1.1

interface 1/1 1/2

Network Network A

Next-Hop R1 R3 R3

100.1.0.0/16 110.0.0.0/8 172.16.1.1 222.1.1.0/24 120.1.1.0/24

Network B Network C

R1

R2

172.16.1.2 172.16.1.1

1/3 1/2
Network A
R5 routing table r1 routing table Network Network A Network B Network C Next-Hop Direct R2 R2 Network Network A Network B Network C Next-Hop R4 Direct Direct

R5

Network B
Network C

Routing and switching-routing


IP
Src 211.1.1.1 Dst 222.1.1.1

Routing: Static versus Dynamic (2-2)

172.16.1.2 211.1.1.10 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.1 r2 0 r1 172.16.1.2 1/1 1/2 211.1.1.1/24 1/1 211.1.1.1/24
1/3

172.16.3.1 172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2 172.16.3.2 1/3 r6


1/3 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/2

222.1.1.100
1/1

Network Network A

Next-Hop R2 R4 Network Network A Next-Hop R3 R5

172.16.4.1 172.16.4.2 r3

222.1.1.1/24 222.1.1.1/24
Network Network A Network B

Network B

R3

R4

Network B

211.1.1.2/24 211.1.1.2/24

172.16.2.1

Ip Network

R6 Routing table
1/1 172.16.2.2 hop Net address Net address Next interface 211.1.1.3/24 1/2 100.1.1.0/24 r4 100.1.1.0/24 172.16.5.1

222.1.1.2/24 R2 Routing table222.1.1.2/24 1/1 R1 Routing table hop Net address Next interface
Next hop interface 172.16.4.2 100.1.1.0/24 1/3 1/2 1/2 222.1.1.3/24 r5 1/3 110.1.1.0/24 172.16.4.2 1/2 172.16.2.2 1/2 222.1.1.0/24 172.16.3.2 172.16.2.2 1/3 222.1.1.0/241/3 1/2 211.1.1.0/24 172.16.1.1 1/1 172.16.1.2 1/2 1/3 connected 1/1

172.16.5.2 172.16.5.1

Next-Hop R1 R3

R1

R2

Network A
Network Network A Network B Next-Hop Direct R2

R5

Network B

211.1.1.0/24 110.1.1.0/24
222.1.1.0/24 Network 211.1.1.0/24

110.1.1.0/24 172.16.3.1 222.1.0.0/24 connected 1/1 211.1.1.0/24 172.16.3.1

Network

Network Network A Network B

Next-Hop R4 Direct

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

IGP versus EGP


Interior Gateway protocols
Routed Information Protocol (RIP) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) Internal Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP)

Internet

exterior Gateway protocols External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP) Autonomous System

summary
In the course we looked at the following topics IP routing concepts IP Switching and IP routing IP addressing in routing tables Static and Dynamic Routing Protocols Exterior and Interior Routing Protocols

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

"Disclaimer: This document is intended for internal use only (i.e. self-study) and it is not allowed to
distribute in any shape and form for external use. Furthermore, please keep in mind that this module was designed and developed for e-learning method. This might have an impact on the quality of the graphics in this document."

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