Tutorial 1

1. Find the mean, median and mode for the following observations: 2.3 3.6 2. 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.3 5.2 6.9 2.8 3.6

The following data are direct solar intensity measurements (watts/m2) on different days at a location in southern Spain: 562, 869, 708, 775, 775, 704, 809, 856, 655, 806, 878, 909, 918, 558, 768, 870, 918, 940, 946, 661, 820, 898, 935, 952, 957, 693, 835, 905, 939, 955, 960, 498, 653, 730, 753. Calculate the sample mean, variance and sample standard deviation.

3. 84.9

Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the following samples of marks for the probability and statistics final examination. 81.9 80.8 79.4 78.2 76.5 75.0 73.8 72.7 72.6 71.4 70.9 69.3 68.6 67.5 66.8 65.2 64.4 59.558.3 58.5 57.6 56.9 55.2 48.2 48.0 47.8 46.5 45.9 44.6 38.3 37.4 36.8 36.5 35.6 34.9 The data that follow represent the yield on 90 consecutive batches of ceramic substrate to which a metal coating has been applied by a vapor-deposition process. 94.1 93.2 90.6 91.4 88.2 86.1 95.1 90.0 92.4 87.3 86.6 91.2 86.1 90.4 87.3 84.1 90.1 95.2 86.1 94.3 93.2 86.7 83.0 95.3 94.1 97.8 93.1 86.4 94.1 92.1 96.4 88.2 86.4 85.0 84.9 78.3 89.6 90.3 93.1 94.6 96.3 94.7 92.4 90.6 89.1 88.8 86.4 85.1 84.0 93.7 87.7 90.6 89.4 88.6 84.1 82.6 84.6 83.6 85.4 89.7 87.6 85.1 89.6 90.0 90.1 94.3 97.3 96.8 94.4 96.1 85.4 86.6 91.7 87.5 84.2 85.1 90.5 95.6 88.3 84.1 83.7 82.9 87.3 86.4

4.

89.1

87.6

91.1

83.1

98.0

84.5

(i) Construct a stem-and-leaf display for these data. (ii) Find the median, the quartiles, and the 5th and 95th percentiles for the yield. 5. The following data are the joint temperatures of the O-rings (F) for each test firing or actual launch of the space shuttle rocket motor (from Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, Vol. 1, pp. 129131): 84, 49, 61, 40, 83, 67, 45, 66, 70, 69, 80, 58, 68, 60, 67, 72, 73, 70, 57, 63, 70, 78, 52, 67, 53, 67, 75, 61, 70, 81, 76, 79, 75, 76, 58, 31.

i. ii. 6.

Calculate the median, the quartiles and the IQR; Construct a box plot of the data and comment on the possible presence of outliers.

At UTP, the business students run an investment club. Each semester they create investment portfolios in multiples of RM1,000 each. Records from the past several years show the following probabilities of profits (rounded to the nearest RM50). In the table below, x = profit per RM1, 000 and P(x) is the probability of earning that profit. x 0 50 10 15 20 0 0 0 0. 2 0.0 5

0.1 0.3 k 5 5 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) portfolio? 7.

Determine the value of k that results in a valid probability distribution. The profit per RM1, 000 is a random variable. Is it discrete or continuous? Explain. Find the expected value of the profit in a $1,000 portfolio. Find the standard deviation of the profit. What is the probability of a profit of $150 or more in a RM1, 000

A local cab company is interested in the number of pieces of luggage a cab carries on a taxi run. A random sample of 260 taxi runs gave the following information. x = number of pieces of luggage and f is the frequency with which taxi runs carried x pieces of luggage. x: f: 0 1 42 2 51 3 63 4 38 19 5 16 6 12 7 10 8 6 9 2 10 1

(a) (b) (d) (e) 8.

Find the probability distribution for x. Estimate the probability that a taxi run will have from 0 to 4 pieces of luggage (including 0 and 4). What is the expected value of x? What is the standard deviation of x.

The probability of successfully landing a plane using a flight simulator is given as 0.70. Nine randomly and independently chosen student pilots are asked to try to fly the plane using the simulator. i. ii. iii. What is the probability that all the student pilots successfully land the plane using the simulator? What is the probability that none of the student pilots successfully lands the plane using the simulator? What is the probability that exactly eight of the student pilots successfully land the plane using the simulator?

9.

(b)

At the Mc Donald drive-thru window of food establishment, it was found that during slower periods of the day, vehicles visited at the rate of 15 per hour. Determine the probability that (a) no vehicles visiting the drive-thru within a ten-minute interval during one of these slow periods; only 3 vehicles visiting the drive-thru within a ten-minute interval during one of these slow periods; and (c) at least three vehicles visiting the drive-thru within a ten-minute interval during one of these slow periods. The number of cracks in a section of PLUS highway that are significant enough to require repair is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution with a mean of two cracks per kilometer. Determine the probability that (a) (b) (c) there are no cracks at all in 2km of highway; at least one crack in 500meter of highway; and there are exactly 3 cracks in 0.5km of highway. oooOOOooo

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Jan2012/T1

Tutorial 1
1. Let X be a continuous random variable with pdf given by

k x f ( x) = 0
Find (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 2.

,1< x < 2 , elsewhere

the value of constant k; P(X < 1); the mean of X; and the standard deviation of X.

Let X be a continuous random variable with pdf given by

kx 2 f ( x) = 0
Find (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 3. the value of constant k; the cdf, F(x); P(X >1) the mean of X; and the variance of X.

,0 x 3 , elsewhere

Suppose a random variable, X has a uniform distribution with a = 5 and b = 9. Find a. b. c. d. P(5.5 < X < 8). P(X < 7). the mean of X; and the standard deviation of X.

4.

The time between telephone calls to ASTRO, a cable television payment processing center follows an exponential distribution with a mean of 1.5 minutes. What is the probability that the time between the next two calls (i) at least 45 seconds? (ii) will be between 50 to 100 seconds?; and (iii) at most 150 seconds? An average LCD Projector bulb manufactured by the ABC Corporation lasts 300 days with variance of 2500days. By assuming that the bulb life is normally distributed, what is the probability that the bulb will last (i) (ii) (iii) at most 365 days? between 250days and 350days? at least 400days?

5.

6. (a)

Given that X is normally distributed with mean 20 and standard deviation 2, compute the following for n=40. Mean and variance of X

(b) (c) (d)

7.

P ( X 19) P( X > 22) P (19 X 21.5)

Let X denote the number of flaws in a 1 in length of copper wire. The pmf of X is given in the following table X=x P(X=x) 0 0.4 8 1 0.39 2 0.12 3 0.01

100 wires are sampled from this population. What is the probability that the average number of flaws per wire in this sample is less than 0.5? 8. At a large university, the mean age of the students is 22.3 years, and the standard deviation is 4 years. A random sample of 64 students is drawn. What is the probability that the average age of these students is greater than 23 years?
Suppose that a sample of n = 1,600 tires of the same type are obtained at random from an ongoing production process in which 8% of all such tires produced are defective. What is the probability that in such a sample 150 or fewer tires will be defective? Suppose that at a certain automobile plant the average number of work stoppages per day due to equipment problems during the production process is 12.0.What is the approximate probability of having 15 or fewer work stoppages due to equipment problems on any given day?

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10.

11.

The number of cars arriving per minute at a toll booth on a particular bridge is Poisson distributed with a mean of 2.5.What is the probability that in any given minute a. no cars arrive? b. not more than two cars arrive? If the expected number of cars arriving at the toll booth per ten-minute interval is 25.0, what is the approximate probability that in any given ten-minute period c. d. not more than 20 cars arrive? between 20 and 30 cars arrive?

12.

The overall length of a skew used in a knee replacement device is monitored using and R charts. The following table gives the length for 20 samples of size 4. (Measurements are coded from 2.00 mm; that is, 15 is 2.15 mm.) Observatio Observatio n n Samp Samp le 1 2 3 4 le 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 6 8 5 3 1 1 1 1 6 5 7 6 1 1 2 1 5 6 0 6 1 1 1 1 4 6 4 2 1 1 1 1 4 5 3 6 1 1 1 1 6 4 6 5 1 1 1 1 6 6 4 5 1 1 1 1 7 3 7 6 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 3 5 6 1 1 1 1 3 7 6 5 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 4 3 1 1 1 1 8 5 6 4 1 1 1 1 4 6 9 6 1 1 1 1 6 4 3 9 1 1 1 1

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Observatio n

Observatio n

Samp Samp le 1 2 3 4 le 1 2 3 4 5 1 3 6 10 1 1 1 1 5 8 4 3 20 7 9 7 3 1 1 1 1 2 5 2 7

(i) Using all the data, find trial control limits for and R charts, construct the chart, and plot the data. (ii) Use the trial control limits from part (a) to identify out-of-control points. If necessary, revise your control limits, assuming that any samples that plot outside the control limits can be eliminated. (iii) Assuming that the process is in control, estimate the process mean and process standard deviation. oooOOOooo Jan2012/T2.