Laser Guided Door Opener.: Chapters Page No

LASER GUIDED DOOR OPENER.
Department: EEE, SITE, TIRUPATI. Page 1

Contents
CHAPTERS PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
2.1Circuit Diagram for Laser Guided Door Opener
3. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS
4. COPONENTS LIST
5. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
5.1. Laser Diode
5.2. Photo Transistor-L14F1
5.3. Transistors: BC 337, BC 547, BC 557
5.4. Integrated C ircuits-CD4001, CD4538, LM7805
5.5. Diode-IN4001
5.6. Relay
5.7. Piezo Electric Sensor
5.8. Motor
6. ADVANTAGES
7. APPLICATIONS
8. CONCLUSIONS
9. BIBLOGRAPHIES



Chapter 1

Introduction





CHAPTER 2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM





CHANPTER 3

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION





CHAPTER 4

COPONENTS LIST



COMPONENTS LIST

Name of the Components Quantity

1. LASER DIODE 01
2. DIODE-IN4001 03
3. LIGHT EMITING DIODE 02

4. PHOTO TRANSISTOR-L14F1 01

5. TRANSISTORS
BC 337 02
BC 547 02
BC 557 01
6. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
CD 4001 01
CD 4538 01
LM 7805 01
7. RELAY 01
8. PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR 01
9. MOTOR 01
10. RESISTORS

11. CAPACITORS



CHAPTER 5

DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
USED



5.1. LASER DIODE:
Features:
1. It is compact in size.
2. High efficiency up to 50%.
3. It enables low electrical power compared to other lasers.
4. Small beam waist.
5. low cost due to mass production and high reliability.





5.2: PHOTO transistor l1:



Transistors:
Bc 337 :



Bc 547 and bc 557:

BC557:
FEATURES:
- Low current (max. 100 mA)
- Low voltage (max. 65 V).

APPLICATIONS:
- General purpose switching and amplification.

DESCRIPTION
PNP transistor in a TO-92; SOT54 plastic package.
NPN complements:BC546 and BC547.



BC547:

FEATURES
Low current (max. 100 mA)
Low voltage (max. 65 V).

APPLICATIONS
General purpose switching and amplification.

DESCRIPTION
NPN transistor in a TO-92; SOT54 plastic package.
PNP complements: BC556 and BC557
LIMITING VALUES:
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
V
CBO

Collector base voltage
BC546
BC547
Open emitter -
80
50
V
V
VCEO
Collector emitter
voltage
BC546
BC547
Open base -
65
45
V
V


VEBO
Emitter base voltage
BC546
BC547
Open collector -
6
6
V
V
IC Collector current (DC)

- 100 mA
ICM Peak collector current

- 200 mA
IBM Peak base current

- 200 mA



5.4. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS:
CD 4001:



CD 4538:



IC -LM 7805:

Features:
1. Output current up to 1A.
2. Output voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24v.
3. Thermal Overload Protection.
4. Short Circuit Protection.
5. Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection.



DIODE:
IN 4001:
Features :
1 Diffused Junction.
2. High Current Capability and Low Forward voltage drop.
3. Surge Overload Rating to 30A Peak.
4. Low Reverse Leakage Current.
5. Plastic Material: UL Flammability.
6. Classification Rating 94V-0.
Mechanical Data:

1.Case: Molded Plastic.
2.Terminals: Plated Leads Solderable per.

3. MIL-STD-202, Method 208.

4. Polarity: Cathode Band.

5. Weight: DO-41 0.30 grams (approx)
A-405 0.20 grams (approx)
6. Mounting Position: Any
7.Marking: Type Number.



Thermal Characteristics:

Symbol

Parameter

Value

Units

PD

Power Dissipation

3.0

W

R\JA

Thermal
Resistance,
Junction to Ambient

50

C/W

Electrical Characteristics:
symbol Parameter

Value Units
VF Forward Voltage @ 1.0
A
1.1 v
Irr

Maximum Full Load
Reverse Current, Full
Cycle TA = 75C

30 A
IR

Reverse Current @
rated VR TA = 25C
TA = 100C

5.0
500

A
A
CT

Total Capacitance
VR = 4.0 V, f = 1.0 MHz

15 pF



6. RELAY:





7.PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR:

A piezoelectric disk generates a voltage when deformed (change in
shape is greatly exaggerated)
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure,
acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical charge. Two main groups of materials are used
for piezoelectric sensors: piezoelectric ceramics and single crystal materials. The ceramic materials (such
as PZT ceramic) have a piezoelectric constant / sensitivity that is roughly two orders of magnitude higher than
those of the natural single crystal materials and can be produced by inexpensive sintering processes
FEATURES:
Principle Strain Sensitivity [V/*] Threshold [*] Span to threshold ratio
Piezoelectric 5.0 0.00001 100,000,000
Piezo resistive 0.0001 0.0001 2,500,000
Inductive 0.001 0.0005 2,000,000
Capacitive 0.005 0.0001 750,000



APPLICATIONS:
1. Piezo electric disk used as a guitar pickup.
2. They are used for quality assurance, process control and for research and development in
many different industries.
3. It is also used in various applications i.e., in medical, aerospace, nuclear instrumentation,
and as a pressure sensor in the touch pads of mobile phones.
4. In the automotive industry, piezoelectric elements are used to monitor combustion when
developing internal combustion engines.
Electrical properties:

Fig: Schematic symbol and electronic model of a piezoelectric sensor.
A piezoelectric transducer has very high DC output impedance and can be modeled as a proportional voltage
source and filter network. The voltage V at the source is directly proportional to the applied force, pressure, or
strain.The output signal is then related to this mechanical force as if it had passed through the equivalent
circuit.

Fig: Frequency response of a piezoelectric sensor; output voltage vs applied force.



Advantages:



Applications:
1. Automatic door opener.

2. Security Alarm

3. Bridge measuring instrument



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Department: EEE, SITE, TIRUPATI. Page 1

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