Interrupt signal sent from a device.... temporary break .

. in (CPU normal) execution of instructions to allow it to handle request from a device/peripheral/program caused by external event can be hardware or software generated e.g. printer out of paper, <BREAK> key pressed, error in program icon picture/small symbol/graphic on the screen used as a short cut to click on/launch an application window reduced in size for later use (toolbar) ROM read only memory can be read from/cant write to/cant change non-volatile memory/keeps contents on switching off used to store systems software e.g. bios buffer temporary .. memory/storage (area) to compensate for speed difference of device and CPU used in transfer of data between computer and components allows CPU to carry out other functions while printing (etc.) e.g. printer buffer, keyboard buffer validation check on data input into the computer . to find out if it is incomplete/unreasonable/sensible check carried out by the computer e.g. range check, length check, presence check, check digit mouse pointing device/controls cursor input device allows user to select options from a menu used in windows environment uses buttons/scroll wheels(s)/touch pad search engine used on the Internet to locate web sites/web pages/other links based on input of certain key phrases/words

RAM random access memory memory that can be read from and written to temporary storage/volatile/memory lost on switching off computer holds user work/programs/data download transfer/copy a file/data/program from a central computer/host computer/server to a smaller computer/remote station/users computer byte fixed number of bits/8 bits represents a character unit of memory/storage e.g. 11010001 CD-ROM (secondary/portable) storage medium can be read only (memory) cannot change data e.g. used to store programs/data/pictures/films, etc. virtual reality 3D world computer simulation needs special input devices to interact (data) goggles/gloves e.g. design of chemical plants Verification check on input for errors on screen checking/checked by human comparing input/use of second operator/by double entry examples: password entry, email entry Video conferencing meeting between two or more participants (at different sites) using computer network/WAN/Internet to transmit/receive audio and video data each participant has a video camera/webcam/microphone/speaker images appear in real time (on a window on the participants monitor) Handshaking exchange of signals/protocols to establish communication/readiness (to send and receive) between two devices/computers examples: printer and computer, modem and computer

Simulation studying the behaviour of a system by using a model/represents real life/mathematical representation results can be predicted examples: flight simulator, hazardous applications, training Batch processing any two points from: processing does not start until all data collected reference to JCL no need for user interaction output is not time sensitive examples: payroll system, electricity/gas/water (etc.) billing, cheque processing Expert System contains/programmed with the knowledge of human experts knowledge base inference engine uses rules/rule base man/machine interface ability to add to its knowledge/learn from previous experience examples: chess, medical diagnosis, mineral prospecting, car diagnostics, tax calculations, etc. Electronic scabbing allows managers to switch word processing/computer processing duties from striking clerks in one country/location to non-striking clerks in another Top down design breaking larger tasks into (successively) smaller tasks step-wise refinement examples: allows use of modules, allows several programmers to work on task MICR magnetic ink character (reader/recognition) E13B character set allows automatic data entry scanner/device/bank, special ink = 0 example:numbers on the bottom of a cheque, draw characters modem modulator-demodulator converts digital/data to analogue (and vice versa)/converts binary into sound allows communication over telephone lines (NOT a converter, device) example:surf/connect to the net

virus program/software which replicates/copies itself damages files/corrupts files/corrupts boot sector corrupts memory stops computer working, stops proper functioning = 0 examples:worms, Trojan horse, time bomb, logic bomb gigabyte one thousand million/billion bytes one thousand megabytes/8 billion bits (8,589,934,592 bits) one million kilobytes a unit of storage 230 bytes example:reference to hard disk storage, etc. file generations any two from: successive versions of a master file/GFS (periodically) updated used in cases of systems failure to do back ups = 0 transaction file used to update master file example:supermarket stock control/updating stock On-line processing interactive/immediate feedback under the control of the CPU whilst user remains in communication with computer example:-cash point -airline bookings (only accept one type of booking system) -chemical plants -POS E-mails/surfing the internet = 0 Robot computer controlled device/intelligent machine/no human intervention able to sense/grip/move objects program (embedded) in microprocessor/follows stored instruction example:manufacture of cars, manufacture of microchips (must be two different applications) robot toys = 0 marks ecommerce electronic commerce buying and selling products/services .. ... using the internet/computer networks reference to B2B (business to business) or B2C (business to consumer/customer) e.g. on-line shopping, commodity exchanges, Internet/online banking

email electronic mail sending messages from one device to another using computer networks/Internet world wide form of electronic communication can send file attachments e.g. sending a letter without use of traditional mail service data logging automatic capture/sampling/gathering . and storing/recording of data/readings data from sensors devices contain ROM and RAM type memories e.g. weather conditions, temperature readings in an experiment laptop computer portable computer system/can be used anywhere has integrated keyboard/screen/pointing device uses a battery/mains power not required examples:can do internet/work/emails away from home/on train/on plane trackerball pointing device input device examples:used to choose options from menus/screen icons, used in selecting objects on plant control/monitoring screens smart card integrated/microprocessor chip card data held in tiny silicon chip replaces the need for magnetic stripes harder for criminals to copy/change data used by banks, mobile phones, satellite TV receivers card contains a (micro) chip e.g. credit card/debit card, loyalty card, mobile cards?ID card?room card?ATM card/driver license relational database contents of files are linked/data held in a number of interrelated files or relations linked by common fields uses tables (one mark), linked (one mark) used in e.g. schools/hospitals/banks/supermarkets de-skilling skilled/semi skilled labour replaced by microprocessor-controlled systems e.g. manufacturing, office work

gateway link between systems that uses telecommunications/telephones and converts data passing through allows a computer in a LAN to communicate with a computer in a WAN device/software translates between a LAN and a WAN or another LAN polling testing a station/terminal/device in a multiaccess system in a sequential order/in turn to establish whether it is holding data for transmission/collection to allow time sharing e.g. checking source of interrupt compiler program converts/changes/translates high-level language into machine code/machine language/low level language/object code changes each high-level language instruction into machine code instructions produces independent program capable of being executed by itself all (syntax errors) listed converts whole program before execution/in one go converts source code to object code technical documentation documentation to ensure that the system can be maintained/updated/altered/ developed/upgraded trouble shooting/correcting errors/correcting faults explanation of what the program does/how the system works contains file structures/algorithms/flow charts/pseudo code/program listings/hierarchical charts check sum adding all the elements of a block/bytes/string/instructions in a program produces a single number/value which is stored with the block meaningless total e.g. hash total alphanumeric characters letters of the alphabet (alphabetic) plus numbers/digits 0 to 9 includes characters, e.g. punctuation, +, ? multimedia software that combines more than one medium e.g: sound, graphics, video, used in presentation

array set of storage locations referenced by a single identifier, e.g : FRED (20) , SAM (3,5) JCL Job control language Special language in which a program controls how the job to be run on batch processing system is written Applications: processing of billing system, cheque processing, payroll systems