A. TITLE B.

PURPOSE

: ARGENTOMETRIC TITRATION AND ITS APPLICATION : 1. Determining the concentration of AgNO3 2. Determining the percentage of NaCl in table salt C. SUPPORTING THEORY : D. EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS a. Equipments Name NaCl p.a powder AgNO3 Table salt Aquadest K2CrO4 b. Materials Name Retort stand Holder Erlenmeyer Funnel Beaker glass Volumetric flask Volumetric pipette Quantity 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 Quantity 0,0509 g As needed 0,0509 g As needed As needed

E. PROCEDURES

a. Determining the concentration of AgNO3

0,0509 g of NaCl Pouring in volumetric flask 100 mL Dissolving using aquadest Diluting until limit mark Shaking well

NaCl Solution Result Titrating using AgNO3 Stopping until formed red briquette precipitate Writing volume AgNO3 needed Repeating three times Taking 10 mL Pouring in Erlenmeyer 250 mL Adding with 25 mL aquadest Adding 3 drops of K2CrO4 indicator

Volume of AgNO3

b. Determining the percentage of NaCl in table salt

0, 0509 g of table salt Pouring in volumetric flask 100 mL Dissolving using aquadest Diluting until limit mark Shaking well

Table salt Solution Result Titrating using AgNO3 Stopping until formed red briquette precipitate Writing down volume AgNO3 that needed Repeating three times Taking 10 mL using volumetric pipette Pouring in Erlenmeyer 250 mL Adding with 25 mL aquadest Adding 5 drops of K2CrO4 indicator

Volume of AgNO3

F. EXPERIMENT RESULT No 1.
0, 0509 g of NaCl p.a Put into volumetric flask 100mL Diluted until limit sign and mix well NaCl as standard solution take 10mL of NaCl solution Put into Erlenmeyer Add with 25mL aquadest and 3 drops K2CrO4 as indicator Analyte AgNO3 solution Enter into burette until 0 scale Titran doing titration stop when there is briquette red precipitate repeat until 3 times calculated the concentration of AgNO3 Result

Procedures

Experiment Result NaCl Solution = colourless K2CrO4= yellow NaCl solution + K2CrO4 indicator= yellow

Hypothesis/ Reaction Initial titration: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) +NaNO3(aq) In end point with K2CrO4 indicator: 2Ag+ + CrO42 Ag2CrO4(s) NaCl Formed normality: briquette 0,0087 precipitate Normality of Volume AgNO3: AgNO3= N1 = V1 = 8,2 0,0106 mL N2 = V2 = 8,5 0,0102 mL N3 = V3 = 7,7 0,0113 mL Naverage = 0,0107

Conclusion Normality of AgNO3 is 0,0107 N

Using burette with accuracy 0,1 mL

2.

0, 0509 g of salt Dilute with aquadest in volumetric flask 100 mL NaCl solution take 10mL of NaCl solution Put into Erlenmeyer Add 3 drops K2CrO4 1% as indicator NaCl solution + Indicator AgNO3 solution Enter into burette until 0 scales doing titration stop when there is briquette red precipitate Match with the percentage of the salt on the label Calculated the error

Salt = white NaCl solution = colourless K2CrO4 = yellow NaCl solution + K2CrO4 = yellow Formed briquette red precipitate Volume AgNO3 = V1 = 8 mL V2 = 8,3 mL V3 = 8 mL

Initial titration: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) +NaNO3(aq) In end point with K2CrO4 indicator: 2Ag+ + CrO42 Ag2CrO4(s) Normality of NaCl: N1 = 0,00856 N2 = 0,01411 N3 = 0,00856 Naverage = 0,01041 Percentage of NaCl in salt: %1 = 98,38 %2 = 102,07 %3 = 98,38 %average = 99,61

Percentage NaCl in salt is 99,61%

Result

Using burette with accuracy 0,075 mL

G. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION a. Analysis 1) In first experiment that is to determine the concentration of AgNO3, NaCl proanalyze powder ,which color is white , is dissolved in aquades then the color of solution is colorless. After adding K2CrO4,which color is yellow, the solutions color change to yellow. In this case K2CrO4 is as indicator. and this indicator have to poured when we want to do titration, because this indicator can react with our solution and can give different result if we pour it long time before we do this titration. Next, after titrating with AgNO3 the color of solution change to turbid then briquette red precipitation is formed. It is caused because solubility of AgCrO4 (8, 5 x 10-5 mol/L) is greater than solubility of AgCl (10-5 mol/L), so AgCl precipitate first. It means that silver chromate will not form until the silver ion concentration increases to a large enough value to exceed the Ksp of silver chromate. We stop the titration when precipitation is formed( Ag2CrO4). The first permanent appearance of the reddish silver chromate precipitate is taken as the end point of the titration. The reaction in this titration can be writen as follows In the first reaction: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) In the end point of titration: 2AgNO3(aq)+K2CrO4(aq) Ag2CrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq) The volume of AgNO3 needed in this titration are 8,2 ; 8,5 ; 7,7 mL. And it can be known normality of AgNO3 by using formula below: V1 x N1 = V2 x N2 And we get N AgNO3 is 0,0106 ; 0,0102 ; 0,0113. The result of third titration is have different scale with first and second titration, it makes the value of N3 has different value too with N1 and N2. It is caused by our mistakes. We dont have good knowledge about the color briquette red precipitation, so we doubt when we have to stop the titration. In first and second titration we do the titration until in 8,2 mL and 8,5 mL and it is showed really briquette red precipitation, but in the last titration we stop the titration in 7,7 mL with unclear briquette red precipitation, based on co- assistant of laboratory instruction. And then we calculate the average of all nor mality of AgNO3 is 0,0107. 2) In second experiment, we determine the percentage of NaCl in table salt, table salt powder which color is white , is dissolved in aquades then the color of solution is colorless. After adding K2CrO4,which color is yellow, the solutions color change to yellow. In this case K2CrO4 is as indicator, and this indicator have to poured when we want to do titration, because this indicator can react with our solution and can give different result if we pour it long time before we do this titration. Next, after titrating with AgNO3 the color of solution change to turbid then briquette red precipitation is formed. In that condition we have to stop the titration. The reaction in this titration can be writen as follows: In the first reaction: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

In the end point of titration: 2AgNO3(aq)+K2CrO4(aq) Ag2CrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq) The volume of AgNO3 needed in this titration are 8 ; 8,3 ; 8 mL. and it can be known normality of salt by using formula below: V1 x N1 = V2 x N2 In this time,to calculate Normality of NaCl we use normality of AgNO3 that have known before in 1st experiment. It is 0,0107 N. So we get, N1 NaCl is 0,00856; N2 NaCl is 0,01411 and N3 NaCl is 0,00856. And the average of it is 0,01041 N. And then we determine the percentage of NaCl of salt. And we get 98, 38 % ; 102, 07 % ; and also 98, 38 %. In the second titration we get 102, 07 %, it is because of our mistakes. We are not pay good attention when we observe the scale in burette. So, we get that result. Then, we calculate the average of all the NaCl percentage, and we get 99, 61 %. If we compare this result with NaCl percentage that is shown in the wrap of table salt. There is no big differences, in the label of table salt states if NaCl percentage is 99, 54% but from our experiment we get 99, 61 %. The differences is 0, 07 %. This differences is caused by the human resources and the high technology that we used maybe different. b. Discussion In the first and second experiment, the volume of AgNO3 is not same for three times titration, it happens because of the accurateness of observer eyes to see the color change. So, in this titration experiment, the accurateness of observer is very important. While in the second experiment the percentage gotten is more than 100%. It was caused because in the second titration, we didnt stop titration. So, volume of AgNO3 was excess. H. CONCLUSION From the first experiment we can conclude if to know the concentration of AgNO3, we can standardize it using NaCl p. a as standard solution. The normality of NaCl is 0,0087 and the normality of AgNO3 is 0,0107. From the second experiment we can determine the percentage of NaCl in table salt using titration between table salt solution with AgNO3 . And the result is 99, 61 %. It has little differences with label of NaCl percentage in our table salt wrap.

I. ANSWER OF QUESTION J. REFERENCES

ATTACHMENT In the first experiment: Normality of NaCl For V1 = 8,2 mL NAgNO3xVAgNO3 = NNaClxVNaCl NAgNO3x8,2 = 0,0087x10 NAgNO3 = 0,0106 For V2 = 8,5 mL NAgNO3xVAgNO3 = NNaClxVNaCl NAgNO3x8,5 = 0,0087x10 NAgNO3 = 0,0102 For V3 = 7,7 mL NAgNO3xVAgNO3 = NNaClxVNaCl NAgNO3x7,7 = 0,0087x10 NAgNO3 = 0,0113 Naverage of AgNO3 = In the second experiment: Normality of AgNO3 is 0,0107 For V1 = 8 mL NNaClxVNaCl = NAgNO3xVAgNO3 10xNNaCl = 0,0107x8 NNaCl = 0,00856 For V2 = 8,3 mL NNaClxVNaCl = NAgNO3xVAgNO3 10xNNaCl = 0,0107x8,3 NNaCl = 0,01411 For V3 = 8 mL NNaClxVNaCl = NAgNO3xVAgNO3 10xNNaCl = 0,0107x8 NNaCl = 0,00856 Naverage of NaCl
( )

Calculation Percentage of NaCl in salt For V1 Percentage of NaCl(%) ( ) ( For V2 Percentage of NaCl(%) ( ) ( ) )

For V3 Percentage of NaCl(%) ( ) ( )

Percentage average of NaCl(%) is

Ini foto yg d hp ku ni, tp kalo d hp km uda ada pake yg d hp kamu ajah.

Foto garam