QUESTION 1 1. A skeptic will Answer assert that nothing can be known.

assert that we can know only the contents of our own minds. suspend judgment about what reality is like. refuse to ask why.
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QUESTION 2 1. Epicurus thinks an important key to happiness lies in natural science because Answer it leads to technological breakthroughs that enhance the quality of life. it can show us that some of our fears are unfounded. knowledge is something good in itself. we should aim to keep our wills in harmony with nature.

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QUESTION 3 1. Who is given credit for being the founder of Skepticism? Answer Pyrrho Diogenes Chrysippus Sextus Empiricus
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QUESTION 4 1. With respect to the question, Does a criterion of truth exist? the skeptic Answer

asserts with Xenophanes of Colophon that it does not. claims that an infinite regress is the only criterion available. engages in circular reasoning to prove the existence of a criterion. suspends judgment.
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QUESTION 5 1. What term does the Skeptic use to characterize the philosohers who cliams to have knowledge? Answer A fool A Dogmatist A believer in fantasy A truth seeker
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QUESTION 6 1. Epictetus makes an analogy between life and a play. How does he characterize our human condition? Answer We are an actor in a play, the character in which the is ultimately determined by the audience. We are an actor in a play, the character in which is ultimately determined by the Playwright We are an actor in a play, the character is in the eye of the beholder. We are an actor in a play, the character in which is ultimately determined by us.
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QUESTION 7 1. Epicurus says there are two great fears that are unfounded and can cause you to be unhappy needlessly. One is fear of death. What is the other fear? Answer Fear of Death Fear of Taxes Fear of the Gods Fear of failure

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QUESTION 8 1. Who is given credit for being the founder of Stoicism? Answer Zeno of Citium Cleanthes Marcus Aurelius Diogones
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QUESTION 9 1. What is the skeptic view regarding the issues of right or wrong? Answer The Skeptic claims there is a right or wrong but they don't know what it is. The Skeptic claims that it is not possible to know what is right or wrong. The Skeptic suspends judgment on the issue. The Skeptic says that they believe there is a right or wrong and that it is living in harmony with nature.
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QUESTION 10 1. A Stoic Answer believes that our happiness or unhappiness is entirely within our own control. says Grin and bear it, no matter how unhappy something makes you. cares for no one and nothing but his own freedom and happiness. prefers nothing, shuns nothing, and is indifferent to everything.
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QUESTION 11 1. Why did Epicurus add the "swerve" to his metaphysics? Answer

It introduced a little bit of chance to the universe which would enhance the goal of pleasure seeking It allowed for a human being to have free choice and have better control over their life It countered the narrow view of determinism and emphasized the identity of opposites It allowed for matter to become form
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QUESTION 12 1. What was Epicurus's school called? Answer The school of hard knocks The Garden Academy of Epicurus University of pleasure seekers Fine arts of hedonism
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QUESTION 13 1. A Stoic by the name of Cleanthes claimed that God was identical to the physical universe. What is this philosophical or religious viewpoint called? Answer Pantheism Atheism Physicalism Theism
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QUESTION 14 1. What philosopher and school of philosophy did Epicurus modify by adding the "swerve" idea to it? Answer Heraclitus and the Heraclitean School Plato and the Platonic School Aristotle and the Aristotelian School

Democritus and the Atomist School

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QUESTION 15 1. According to Epicurus, someone who thinks happiness is pleasure and the absence of pain will Answer be unjust to others, if it will increase pleasure for oneself. indulge her every desire. be an untrustworthy friend. be content with having little.
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QUESTION 16 1. What is the name of the Skeptic that wrote the book called the Outlines of Pyrronism? Answer Zeno of Citium Cleanthes Sextus Empiricus Marcus Aurelius
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QUESTION 17 1. Hedonism Answer recommends pursuing every pleasure, so as to maximize happiness in life. is a doctrine that disparages pleasure and recommends virtue as the key to happiness. is compatible with denying oneself many pleasures. has nothing to say about pain, fear, or sorrow.
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QUESTION 18 1.

For a Stoic, the intention with which an action is done is more important than the result of that action because Answer God will judge the intention, not the result. intentions are in our power, but results are not. other people judge us by our intentions. intentions are what create the results.
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QUESTION 19 1. Epicurus believes we should restrict our desires to those that are Answer necessary for life. necessary for ease. necessary for happiness. all of the above.
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QUESTION 20 1. Happiness, says the skeptic, Answer is unavailable to humans, since knowledge is unavailable. must be founded on sure and certain understanding of the true nature of reality. is available only to those who have gone through the pangs of skeptical doubt and come out into the clear light of knowledge on the other side. is a by-product of giving up the demand to know.

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QUESTION 21 1. A Stoic thinks we should Answer seek virtue more than happiness. never seek pleasure as an end.

always be virtuous, because virtue produces the greatest pleasure. be skeptical of all claims to know what virtue is.
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QUESTION 22 1. We do not need to fear the gods, Epicurus says, because Answer they are uninterested in us. gods are by nature loving and kind. there are no gods. when we are, death is not; and when death is, we are not.
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QUESTION 23 1. When Stoics advise us to keep our wills in harmony with nature, they Answer mean that if something feels natural to us, we should go with the flow and just do it! deny God, the author of nature. contradict Plato and Aristotle, who emphasize living in accord with reason. are in effect advising us to do our duty.
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QUESTION 24 1. Epictetus was a Stoic philosopher. What was unusual about Epictetus's personal history? Answer Epictetus was a famous Mathematician Epictetus was a Roman emperor Epictetus was blind and deaf Epictetus was a freed slave
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QUESTION 25

1. How does a skeptic live? Answer by conforming to appearances. by pursuing the infinite regress to the very end. by using circular reasoning. according to the law of nature.