An Overview of 802.11e: Guan-Hsiung Liaw (廖冠雄)

An Overview of 802.
11e
Guan-Hsiung Liaw () ghliaw@yahoo.com.tw
2005/10/27
An Overview of IEEE 802.11e
Outlines
Introduction Traffic Differentiation Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF)
Contention-Based Channel Access EDCA Controlled Channel Access HCCA
Block Acknowledgement Direct Link Protocol (DLP) Automatic Power-Save Delivery (APSD) Performance Evaluation
2005/10/27
Introduction
2005/10/27
IEEE 802 Family

Data link layer
802 802 Overview Overview and and architecture architecture
802.1 802.1 Management Management 802.1d 802.1d Bridging Bridging 802.1q 802.1q VLAN VLAN
802.2 Logical link control (LLC) 802.2 Logical link control (LLC) 802.3 802.3 802.3 MAC MAC 802.5 802.5 802.5 MAC MAC 802.11 802.11 MAC 802.11 MAC
LLC sublayer
MAC sublayer
802.3 802.3 PHY PHY
802.5 802.5 PHY PHY
FHSS PHY FHSS PHY
802.11 802.11
DSSS PHY DSSS PHY
802.11 802.11
OFDM PHY OFDM PHY
802.11a 802.11a
HR/DSSS PHY HR/DSSS PHY
802.11b/g 802.11b/g
Physical layer
2005/10/27
802.11 MAC and Other

MAC Layer
802.11 MAC
802.11e / TGe MAC Enhancements - QoS 802.11f / TGf Inter-Access Point Protocol 802.11i / TGi Enhanced Security Mechanisms
2005/10/27
Characteristics of Media Streams

Media Streams
Audio
Speech
Uncompressed e.g. 64 kbps PCM Compressed: e.g. ITU-T G.723.1, G.729, Low bit rate & Constant bit rate
Music
Uncompressed e.g. CD: 16bit, 44.1khz Compressed: e.g. MP2, MP3, Medium bit rate & Variable/Constant bit rate
Video
Compressed e.g. Mpeg-1, Mpeg-2, Mpeg-4, High bit rate & Variable/Constant bit rate
2005/10/27
Processing of Media Streams

Analog
Sampling
PCM Stream
10110101 11010011 11001001
Encoding
G.729 Frames
11010011 10101111 01010000
Packing
8kbps
64kbps
RTP
10110101 10110101 10110101
1packet / 20ms
Delay
Jitter
Internet Internet
RTP PCM Stream

10110101 11010011 11001001
10110101 10110101 10110101
G.729 Frames
11010011 10101111 01010000
Analog
2005/10/27
64kbps
Playout
Decoding
8kbps
Unplaking
7
QoS Requirement
Parameters of traffic stream
Controlled transmission rate
Peak rate & Average rate
Controlled Service Interval

Minimum & Maximum
Burst Size on peak rate
Requirements
Bounded Delay ! ( Bounded Jitter ! ( for real-time & smooth interaction) for smooth playout)
Solution in device: Jitter Buffer Solution in network: Prioritized Transmission

2005/10/27
Two Kinds of QoS

Parameterized QoS:
A strict QoS requirement expressed quantitatively in terms of data rate, delay bound etc. (ex. BW of 10 Mbps, delay bound of 10ms)
Prioritized QoS:
Loose QoS requirement expressed in terms of relative delivery priority
2005/10/27
Is 802.11 enough for QoS?

DCF can not provide QoS trivially PCF is not enough
Only 1 frame can be sent at each polling Point Coordinator (PC) does not know the QoS requirement of traffic Can not guarantee the delay and jitter bound
2005/10/27
10
Brief of IEEE 802.11e

Defined at IEEE 802.11 Task Group E Goal: Providing QoS
Minimize Latency Maximize throughput Define traffic models for both Ad-hoc and Infrastructure
Approach: Enhance the MAC (802.11) Current Status

Draft 11 (Sponsor Ballot is ongoing) Will be finalized this year (???)
2005/10/27
11
Major Enhancements in 802.11e

Basic elements for QoS New Contention-based channel access New Contention-free channel access
Block Acknowledgement (Block Ack) Direct Link Setup (DLS) Automatic Power-Save Delivery (APSD) Traffic Differentiation Concept of Transmission Opportunity (TXOP)
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) (ContentionBased) HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) (Contention Free)
Other new mechanisms for higher throughput
2005/10/27
12
Terms
QoS Facility
The mechanisms for QoS defined in 802.11e
QAP
Access Point supporting QoS facility
QSTA
Station supporting QoS facility
2005/10/27
QBSS Hybrid Coorinator (HC) Access Category (AC) User Priority (UP) Traffic Category (TC) Traffic Specification (TSPEC) Traffic Stream (TS) Traffic Identifier (TID)
13
Traffic Differentiation
2005/10/27
14
Classification of QoS Data

New frame subtype: QoS Data
Each MSDU of QoS Data is classified as one kind of traffic

Identified by TID field in frame header
Two types of traffic classification

By User Priority (UP)
(for prioritized QoS)
By Traffic Specification (TSPEC)

(for parameterized QoS)
2005/10/27
15
User Priority
8 User Priorities:
Identical to IEEE 802.1D priority tags
Priority User Priority (same as 802.1D user priority 1 2 0 3 4 5 highest
2005/10/27
802.1D Access Designation category (AC) BK BE EE CL VI VO NC AC_BK AC_BK AC_BE AC_BE AC_VI AC_VI AC_VO AC_VO
Designation (Informative) Background Background Best Effort Video Video Video Voice Voice
16
Lowest
6 7
User Priority (cont.)

Priority Determination of MSDU
Directly:
provided at MAC SAP by upper-layer software
Indirectly:
defined in TSPECs
2005/10/27
17
Access Category (AC)

Rules
One UP belongs to one AC Each AC contains two UP Traffic of higher UP will be transmitted first in one AC
In EDCA, media access is based on the AC of MSDU 4 ACs are defined

AC_BK (background) AC_BE (best-effort) AC_VI (Video) AC_VO (Voice)
In EDCA, the size of Contention-Window (CW) and Inter-frame space (IFS) is dependent on AC
2005/10/27
18
Traffic Specification
Traffic Specification (TSPEC)
Characteristics of traffic streams created by negotiation between QSTA and HC HC can schedule the polling within CFP and the data transmission of the TS accordingly At most 8 TSPEC can be registered Identified by TSID (0~7) Use Management Frame with new subtype Action
ADDTS request & ADDTS response: for TSPEC setup DELTS: for TSPEC delete
TSPEC Setup & Delete
2005/10/27
19
MAC Frame Formats

MAC frame format (QoS Data):
QoS Control Field:
(Source: Draft11)
2005/10/27
20
Frame Formats (cont.)

In QoS control field,
TID: Traffic Identifier EOSP: End of Service Period
Service period is ended after successful transmission of this frame Used with APSD
QAP PS Buffer State
2005/10/27
21
Traffic Identified (TID)

Distinguish MSDUs of different traffic types Range: 0-15
2005/10/27
22
Action Frames: ADDTS request & ADDTS response

Frame Body: ADDTS Request ADDTS Response
2005/10/27
23
TSPEC Element Format
TS Info:
2005/10/27
24
Fields in TS Info
802.11e Traffic Type TSID Direction 1 3 2 10 0~7 I)Uplink II)Downlink III)Direct link IV)Bi-directional link EDCA HCCA 802.11eAPSD EDCA 802.11 Access PolicyEDCA TSPECQoS APSD1
Access Policy Aggregation
2 1
APSD User Priority TSInfo Ack Policy Schedule
1 3 2 1
Traffic Classification (TCLAS) Element

For identifying the TS to which the incoming MSDUs belong
2005/10/27
26
Traffic Classification (TCLAS) Element
Type 0 Type 1 (IPv4)
Type 1 (IPv6) Type 2

2005/10/27
27
Schedule Element
HC contains Schedule element in ADDTS response if incoming ADDTS requests TS_INFO.Schedule = 1. If TS_Info.Access_Policy includes EDCA, the schedule element indicate the polling schedule for this TS in HCF If TS_Info.APSD = 1, the schedule element indicate the wakeup schedule for transmission
2005/10/27
28
Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF)
2005/10/27
29
HCF Brief
In 802.11, two access methods are
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) Point Coordination Function (PCF)
In 802.11e, HCF access method is added, including

Contention-Based channel access EDCA
Combined with DCF
Controlled channel access HCCA

Similar to PCF but with enhancement
2005/10/27
30
MAC Architecture
2005/10/27
31
EDCA
Difference from original DCF
Contention between ACs (Not STAs) AC Contends for Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) in unit of 32 microseconds. New Inter-frame Space (IFS) for each AC: Arbitration Interframe Space (AIFS)
2005/10/27
32
Reference Implementation
2005/10/27
33
IFS in 802.11 DCF: Contention between STAs
2005/10/27
34
DCF Example
Packet arrival at MAC DIFS DIFS Backoff=9 DIFS 9-5=4 DIFS 4-2=2
Station 1
Backoff=5
busy
Station 2 busy
Backoff=7
busy
Station 3
7-5=2
Station 4
busy
2005/10/27
35
IFS in EDCF: Contention between ACs

AIFS[AC_YY] AIFS[AC_XX]
DIFS PIFS SIFS SIFS Ack Contention Window Next TXOP
data
2005/10/27
(for each AC, not for user priority)

time
36
Arbitration Interframe Space (AIFS)

QSTA use AIFS to defer the contention window or transmission for each AC AIF[AC] = AIFSN[AC] x aSlotTime + aSIFTime
frame containing EDCA Parameter Set element
AIFSN for each AC is broadcast via beacon
(DIFS = 2 x aSlotTime + aSIFTime)

2005/10/27
37
EDCA Parameter Set Element
ACI: AC Index ACM: Admission Control Mandatory

2005/10/27
CWmin = 2ECWmin 1 CWmax = 2ECWmax 1

38
Default EDCA Parameter Set

For QSTA
1 1
CW size is smaller than DCFs For QSTA: AIFS=DIFS For QAP: AIFS<DIFS
2005/10/27
39
HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA)

The procedure is similar to PCF Hybrid Coordinator (HC)
Operate at QAP Control the iteration of CFP and CP
By using beacon and CF-End frame and NAV Mechanism (Same as PCF)
Use polling Scheme to assign TXOP to QSTA

Issue Qos (+) CF-poll frame to poll QSTA Polling can be issued in both CFP & CP Polling schedule in HC can be calculated according to TSPECs
2005/10/27
40
Iteration of CFP and CP
2005/10/27
41
PCF
PIFS SIFS PC STA1 CP STA2 STA3 SIFS SIFS PIFS SIFS SIFS Data+Poll
Beacon DATA+ACK Data+Poll Data+Poll
CF-End ACK CP
NAV Reset
SIFS (no response)
Contention Free Period
Station 2 sets NAV(Network Allocation Vector) Station 3 is hidden to the PC, it does not set the NAV. It continues to operate in DCF.
Time
2005/10/27
42
Transmission Opportunity (TXOP)

TXOP: the duration of a QSTA to transmit frame(s) When will a QSTA get a TXOP ?
Win a contention in EDCA during CP Receive a QoS (+)CF-poll ( polled TXOP)
QoS CF-Poll SIFS TXOP limit from CF-poll TXOP granted by CF-poll NAV from CF-Poll
2005/10/27
43
Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) (cont.)

In TXOP, frames exchange sequences are separated by SIFS
2005/10/27
44
Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) (cont.)

How is TXOP limit given
For EDCA, TXOP limit is given in Beacon Frame (at EDCA Parameter Set Element in frame body) For controlled channel access, TXOP limit is given in QoS (+)CF-poll frames (at Qos Control field in MAC header)
2005/10/27
45
Comparison
PC 802.11 periodic Superframe CFP(Contention Free Period) CP(Contention Period) CF-End CF-Poll
DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA
STAs Beacon DATA
802.11e periodic Superframe CFP(Contention Free Period) CP(Contention Period)

(Polling through HCF)
HC STAs Beacon
DATA DATA DATA DATA
QoS CF-Poll
DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA
TXOP
EDCA TXOP
Polled TXOP
Polled TXOP
Polled TXOP
EDCA TXOP
46
2005/10/27
Direct Link Protocol (DLP)
2005/10/27
47
Direct Link Setup (DLS)

Direct Link
Directly send frames from one QSTA to another in QBSS
Motivation of DLS
Wake up the recipient in PS mode via QAP Exchange information between sender and recipient
2005/10/27
48
The handshake procedure

(1a) e R SDL
e ns po es -R (2b) own LS ard D te SDL
s ue q t
QAP
Sender
S-R (1b) equ DL est S- R es p DL (2a) onse Stea rdo wn
DL
Recipient
Notes: 1. DLS Request and DLS Response are both Action management frame 2. The direct link will become inactive if no frames have been exchanged for DLPTimeoutValue duration. 3. Recipient shall not go into power save for DLPTimeoutValue duration. 4. After timeout, the frames are transmitted via AP again.
2005/10/27
49
Block Acknowledgement
2005/10/27
50
Brief of Block Ack

(Optional function in implementation) Improve channel efficiency
By aggregating several acks into one frame
Two types
Immediate Block Ack
Suitable for High-bandwidth, low latency traffic
Delayed Block Ack

Suitable for applications tolerating moderate latency
2005/10/27
51
Procedure of Block Ack

ADDBA Request ACK ADDBA Response ACK QoS Data MPDU BlockAckReq BlockAck DELBA Request ACK
Setup
Data & Burst Ack
Tear Down
XXX: Action frame XXX: Control Frame

52
Originator
2005/10/27
Recipient
Setup Burst Ack Parameters

Action Frames (Management frames) ADDBA Request, with parameters
TID Block Ack Policy (Immediate or delayed) Transmit Buffer Size Timeout Value Status Code Burst Ack Policy (1 for Immediate, 0 for Delayed) TID Re-ordering Burst Size (number of buffers) Timeout value Initiator TID
ADDBA Response, with parameters
DELBA
2005/10/27
53
Immediate Block Ack
2005/10/27
54
Delayed Block Ack
2005/10/27
55
Automatic Power-Save Delivery (APSD)
2005/10/27
56
Brief of APSD
Enhancing PS-mode in QBSS QAP deliver downlink frames, which belong to some specified AC, to powersaving stations automatically Two type of delivery mechanism
Unscheduled APSD (U-APSD) Scheduled APSD (S-APSD)
2005/10/27
57
Unscheduled APSD (U-APSD)

(buffering frames)
SP (SP < Max SP Length)
QAP
QSTA
Trigger frame
Steps:
Power-saving QSTA wakes up and send a trigger data frame belonging to trigger-enabled AC to QAP After receiving trigger frame, a service period (SP) is started QAP send frames belonging to delivery-enabled AC to QSTA The limit of SP is Max SP Length given by the QSTA at association (Frames not in delivery-enabled AC are delivered via original PS-poll mechanism)
58
2005/10/27
Specifying Trigger-Enabled / Delivery-Enabled AC

QSTA Specifying By Association
Association Frame contains QoS Capability element
If AC_XX U-APSD Flag is set to 1, AC_XX is both trigger-enabled and delivery-enabled
= all,2,4,6 frames
2005/10/27
59
Specifying Trigger-Enabled / Delivery-Enabled AC (cont.)

By ADDTS (TSPEC)
TS Info:
Imply which AC
APSD = 1, Schedule = 0, Direction = uplink APSD = 1, Schedule = 0, Direction = downlink enable
the implied AC is trigger-enable the implied AC is delivery-
2005/10/27
60
Scheduled APSD (S-APSD)

QSTA negotiate a APSD Schedule with QAP via ADDTS QAP start transmitting the frames of the specified TS at Service Start Time and the following periods QSTA must wake up at Service Start Time and the following periods to receive frames
2005/10/27
61
Implementation-Dependent Issues
HC scheduling
Mixture of downlink and polled TXOP scheduling
QSTA scheduling
During a polled TXOP, schedule frame transmissions
Admission control by HC
To decide whether to admit a TS or not
2005/10/27
62
Performance Evaluation
2005/10/27
63
Brief
Source:
Stefan Mangold, et al., Analysis of IEEE 2003.
802.11e for QoS support in wireless LANs , IEEE Wireless Communications, Dec.
Evaluations (802.11e w/ 802.11a PHY)

Achievable EDCA throughput QoS Guarantees with Prioritized Access of HC
2005/10/27
64
Scenario 1
Assumption
IEEE 802.11e MAC + IEEE 802.11a PHY Control frames are sent at 6 Mbps Data frames are sent at 24 Mbps Each stream 250 kbps 1 station (HC) transmits to 3 stations one stream per AC Default EDCA parameters are used
2005/10/27
65
Result 1
2005/10/27
66
Result 2
2005/10/27
67
Scenario 2
Two scenarios Two scenarios Transmission Rate Transmission Rate Three TCs Three TCs
Data Frame: 24 Mbit/s Data Frame: 24 Mbit/s Others: 6 Mbit/s Others: 6 Mbit/s High: constant arrival (5ms), MSDU 80 bytes, 128 High: constant arrival (5ms), MSDU 80 bytes, 128 kbps kbps Medium & low: Poisson arrival, MSDU 200 bytes, 160 Medium & low: Poisson arrival, MSDU 200 bytes, 160 kbps kbps
TXOP allows for transmitting one data frame TXOP allows for transmitting one data frame Beacon interval: 102.4 ms Beacon interval: 102.4 ms
2005/10/27
68
Result 3
2005/10/27
69
Thank You!
Q&A
2005/10/27
70

An Overview of 802.11e: Guan-Hsiung Liaw (廖冠雄)

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

An Overview of 802.11e: Guan-Hsiung Liaw (廖冠雄)

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

An Overview of 802.

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

IEEE 802 Family

802 802 Overview Overview and and architecture architecture

802.3 802.3 PHY PHY

802.5 802.5 PHY PHY

FHSS PHY FHSS PHY

DSSS PHY DSSS PHY

OFDM PHY OFDM PHY

HR/DSSS PHY HR/DSSS PHY

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

802.11 MAC and Other

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Characteristics of Media Streams

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Processing of Media Streams

10110101 10110101 10110101

RTP PCM Stream

10110101 10110101 10110101

Controlled Service Interval

Burst Size on peak rate

Solution in device: Jitter Buffer Solution in network: Prioritized Transmission

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Two Kinds of QoS

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Is 802.11 enough for QoS?

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Brief of IEEE 802.11e

Approach: Enhance the MAC (802.11) Current Status

Major Enhancements in 802.11e

Other new mechanisms for higher throughput

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Classification of QoS Data

Each MSDU of QoS Data is classified as one kind of traffic

Two types of traffic classification

By Traffic Specification (TSPEC)

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

User Priority (cont.)

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Access Category (AC)

In EDCA, media access is based on the AC of MSDU 4 ACs are defined

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

TSPEC Setup & Delete

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

MAC Frame Formats

QoS Control Field:

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Frame Formats (cont.)

QAP PS Buffer State

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Traffic Identified (TID)

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Action Frames: ADDTS request & ADDTS response

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

TSPEC Element Format

An Overview of IEEE 802.11e

Access Policy Aggregation