6/22/02 Neuromuscular, Digestive and Respiratory Systems: Embryological development and

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VPB121:VeterinaryPhysiologyII(2+1)
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developmentanddivisions

EMBROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND DIVISION

Embronic neural tube which is a hollow structure from epithelial origin, develop
into brain and spinal cord.
Brain is derived from anterior portion and spinal cord is divided from posterior
portion of neural tube.
Anterior portion develop into three swellings vi.
Rombencephalon (Hind brain)
Mesencephalon (Mid brain)
Prosencephalon (Fore brain)
Home Objectives Year Team University NAIP
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CuvILy LIuL deveIop In LIe cenLre Is known us entricles wIIcI ure IIIIed wILI
cerebrosIpInuI IIuId (CS) und ependymuI ceIIs, u Lype oI gIIuI ceII uIIow LIe
cIrcuIuLIon oI CS InLo venLrIcuIur und spInuI cord due Lo LIeIr cIIIury ucLIon.
HInd bruIn conLroIs reIIex responses und reguIuLe InvoIunLury beIuvIour (breuLIIng,
equIIIbrIum, muInLenunce oI body posILIon).
MId bruIn Is predomInunLIy InvoIved In co-ordInuLIng vIsuuI, uudILory or sensory
InIormuLIon Irom mecIunocepLors (LoucIJpressure ) Irom purLs oI LIe body. L ucLs
us u rouLIng cenLre.
ore bruIn Is InvoIved In processIng oIIucLory InIormuLIon, InLegeruLes wILI oLIer
sensory InIormuLIon, reguIuLes body vegeLuLIve IuncLIons. L Is desIgnuLed Lo
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perIorm compIex Lusks IIke memory processIng eLc.
SIze oI LIe bruIn vurIes wILI body sIze IndIvIduuI sLrucLures Lype oI ucLIvILy
perLuInIng Lo LIe envIronmenL oI LIe unImuI.
BusuI nucIeI Is LIe cIusLer oI grey muLLer sILuuLed deep InLo LIe bruIn.
Hind brain: (Pons , Medlla and cerebellm)
ocuLIon: BeLween spInuI cord mId bruIn. uncLIons LogeLIer Lo supporL vILuI body
IuncLIons sucI us respIruLIon curdIuc IuncLIon und movemenL.
Medullc
ocuLed uL LIe Lop oI LIe spInuI cord
Hus cenLres LIuL conLroI reIIex ucLIvILIes sucI us respIruLIon, IeurL ruLe,
vusodIIuLIon und bIood pressure.
Houses neuruI puLIwuys LIuL connecLs cerebruI corLex und spInuI cord seuL oI
some oI LIe crunIuI nerves (qLI, 1oLI und 1zLI).
Pons
SLrucLures presenL ubove LIe meduIIu IuncLIons us brIdgIng und
communIcuLIng InIormuLIons beLween meduIIu, cerebeIIum und Iore bruIn
sLrucLures.
Hus neurons LIuL conLroI ruLe oI respIruLIon.
Concerned conLroI oI uIerLness.
Cerebellum
Encused In cerebeIIur IemIspIere und Is IocuLed In LIe buck oI LIe bruIn.
ResponsIbIe Ior moLor co ordInuLIon by InLegeruLIng sensory InpuLs Irom
recepLors oI muscIe, eyes und eurs wILI moLor orders oI LIe IorebruIn.
MuInLuIn EquIIIbrIum und posLure.
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Mid brain
ReIuy cenLre
RooI oI mIdbruIn Is known us tectum wIIcI Ius puIr oI bruIn cenLres numeIy opLIc
Iobes In non mummuIIun specIes.
SuperIor CoIIIcuII Is u sImIIIur sLrucLure us opLIc Iobes In mummuIs IuncLIons us
reIIex opLIcuI response (orIenLuLIon Lowurds vIsuuI sLImuII, IocussIng eLc).
TecLum Ius u puIr oI InIerIor coIIIcuII wIIcI ure neurons concerned wILI IeurIng.
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Tegmentum i he poeio pa of midbain ha poe fine conol of mcle.
Bain em i he goping of midbain ih he pon and medlla.
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Foe bain
Inoled in poceing and inegaing eno infomaion and co odinae
behaio.
Sce of he foe bain coni of ceebm , halam, epihalam and
hpohalam.
Ceebm
Ha oe lae knon a ceebal coe hich i diided ino o ceebal
hemiphee.
Hemiphee ececie conol oe oppoie ide of he bod.
Hemiphee fncion independenl of each ohe.
To hemiphee ae conneced b a ma of hie mae knon a corpus
collosum hogh hich he commnicae.
Hpohalam
Peen in he bae of he foebain, belo he halam.
Mainain homeoai b conolling inenal ogan and ineac ih
aonomic neo em.
Reglae endocine em and link endocine and neal em.
Conol egeaie fncion of he bod.
If fom he pa of limbic em hich inflence emoion and behaio.
Limbic sstem i a neok of conneced ce ha lie beeen he
coe and ee of he bain.
Sce aociaed ih limbic em ae hpohalam, amgdala,
hippocamp and olfaco blb.
Structures of limbic sstem
Amgdala
Concen ih emoional epone of fea and aggeiene.
I i alo inoled in mainenance of memoie of he emoion.
Hippocampus
Sce cone ho em memoie o long em memoie.
Olfactor bulb
Ogan of impoance fo ening he mell. Behaio ae mell
dien in animal. Seno neon fom he olfaco epihelim
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ae conneced o he olfaco blb.
Olfaco infomaion eache diecl hee iho paing
hogh halam.
Infomaion ae anmied o coe fo poceing .
I i conneced o amgdala and hippocamp. Emoional
behaio ae mediaed hogh odo in animal and hman
being.
Thalam
Ac a ela cene, lage eno ganglion of he bain
Ha gop of ge mae locaed deep ino he foebain.
Receie all eno infomaion fo pad anmiion ecep olfacion.
Reicla fomaion i a e of neon eend fom halam o bain em
inclding pon, medlla and midbain, ha file incoming eno
infomaion.
Epihalam
Locaed aboe he halam habo pineal comple, ha eablihe
cicadian hhm and ecee melaonin.
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Lastmodified:Thursda,9June2011,09:40AM
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Neuromuscular,DigestiveandRespiratorSstems