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Notes: Prior to reforms of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) in 1994, holders of marine mammals for public display were required to submit necropsy reports (animal autopsy reports) for deceased animals, making the documents available to the public and scientific community. Presently, marine mammal parks in the U.S. are only required to provide a cause of death to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) which maintains Marine Mammal Inventory Reports (MMIR). Details of marine mammal deaths are now a closely guarded secret at U.S. entertainment facilities. The Orca Project acquired the following documents from the National Marine Fisheries Service (U.S.A) via the Freedom of Information Act for deaths that occurred prior to implementation of the 1994 MMPA changes. For more information visit www.theorcaproject.com
Necropsy, Autopsy, Veterinarian, NOAA, NMFS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, MMIR, Marine Mammal Inventory Report, MMPA, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Killer Whale, Orca, Shamu, Death, Die, SeaWorld, San Diego, California, Kilroy The Orca Project Corp 3/11/2012 www.theorcaproject.com
S A N DIEGO,
Ci\J,IrORNIA
NECROPSY REPaRT
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.SEX: 5:10
.TE/TIXE O F DEATH:
9/23/78 9/23/78
a:m.
,.TE/TI:.~E O F NECROPSY:
(P.M. )
n t e g u m e n t : . T h e . v e n t s a l a s p e c t a n d d i s t a l t i p s of t h e f l u k e a r e m o d e r a t e l y braded. There is a moderate.to s e v e r e slough o v e r most o f t h e dermis. h e r e are r u b b i n g a b r a s i o n s on t h e m a n d i b u l a r ventrum. e s p i r a t o r y System: The r e g i o n j u s t p r o x i m a l t o t h e b i f u r c a t i o n o f t h e r a c h e a is l i n e d w i t h a w h i t e , c h e e s y t h i c k s u b s t a n c e which e m i t s o f f o u l The mucosa i s dor. T h e t r a c h e a i s f i l l e d . w i t h a p i n k , f r o t h y foam. The l u n g s are g r a y - t a n n i s h brown w i t h a m o t t l e d apk e d l y hyperemic. T h e c a p s u l e i s smooth- b u t t h e p a r e n c h y m a r a n c e and are v e r y edematous. lumpy. T h e l u n g s a F e m e a t y , h e a v y - s p o n g y a n d e x u d e .a y e l l o w m u c o s a l u b s t a n c e from t h e parenchyma and b r o n c h i o l e s . On c u t s e c t i o n t h e r e i s o d e r a t e to s e v e r e congestion with moderate c o n s o l i d a t i o n i n both d i s t a l egions. T h e l e f t l u n g h a s a green-bro1,rn g a n g r e n o u s a r e a a b o u t 4 c m . x 8 c m . 5 c m . a n d h a s a much m o r e e x t e n s i v e d e g r e e o f c o n s o l i d a t i o n .
(OVER)
D i g e s t i v e System: There is a whitish-gray t h i c k n e c r o t i c appearance t o t h e o r a l mucosa. The e s o p h a g u s r e v e a l s n o ' s i g n i f i c a n t l e s i o n s . The f o r e The mucosa i s w h i t e , t h i c k e n e d stomach i s p a r t i a l l y f i l l e d w i t h i n g e s t a . a n d e a s i l y p e e l e d o f f t h e submucosa. The g l a n d u l a r s t o m a c h r e v e a l s no significant lesions. The s m a l l i n t e s t i n e r e v e a l s no s i g n i f i c a n t l e s i o n s a n d t h e lumen i s f i l l e d w i t h a y e l l o w - g r e e n mucoid i n g e s t a w i t h a n o r m a l mucosa. T h e l a r g e i n t e s t i n e , r e v e a l s n o s i g n i f i c a n t l e s i o n s and t h e lumen c o n t a i n s a brown mucoid i n g e s t a w i t h a n o r m a l mucosa. The l i v e r i s d a r k reddish-black, moderately e n l a r g e d w i t h moderately swollen edges. on c u t s e c t i o n t h e r e i s s e v e r e c o n g e s t i o n , a d a r k nutmeg a p p e a r a n c e a n d t h c p a r e n chyma i s m o d e r a t e l y f r i a b l e .
\
U r i n a r y S y s t e m : The k i d n e y s a r e t a n - b r o w n , f i r m w i t h n o r m a l l o b u l a t i o n , shape, s i z e and c o n s i s t e n c y . On c u t s e c t i o n t h e r e i s m o d e r a t e c o n g e s t i o n and t h e l o b u l e s r e v e a l no s i g n i f i c a n t l e s i o n s . The b l a d d e r r e v e a l s n o significant lesions. M u s c u l o s k e l e t a l System: T h e r e is a s e v e r e g e n e r a l i z e d w e i g h t loss. In t h e r e g i o n d o r s a l t o t h e s k u l l and c e r v i c a l v e r t e b r a t h e m u s c u l a t u r e i s p a l e brown i n s t e a d o f t h e n o r m a l d a r k r e d . a n d E x o c r i n e S y s t e m : The p a n c r e a s r e v e a l s n o s i g n i f i c a n t l e s i o n s . . a d r e n a l g l a n d s a r e b r o w n - t a n , firm, o f n o r m a l s h a p e a n d c o n s i s t e n c y . c u t s e c t i o n t h e r e is moderate darkening a t t h e corticomedullary junction. The m a n d i b u l a r , p r e s c a p u l a r , m e d i a s t i n a l a n d b r o n c h i a l Lymphatic s y s t e m : On c u t s e c t i o n lymph n o d e s a r e m o d e r a t e l y e n l a r g e d , f i r m a n d g r a y - t a n . t h e parenchyma i s g r a y - b r o w n w i t h v e r y d a r k b l a c k a r e a s i n t h e m e d u l l a r y region. The s p l e e n i s p u r p l i s h - r e d , s o f t a n d m o d e r a t e l y e n l a r g e d . On c u t s e c t i o n t h e r e i s evidence of. s e v e r e con-gestion. C a r d i o v a s c u l a r system: The p e r i c a r d i a l s a c i s m o d e r a t e l y t o s e v e r e l y d i s t e n d e d w i t h a b o u t 1 l i t e r o f a y e l l o w c l o u d y s e r o m u c o i d f l u i d . The myocardium a p p e a r s t o b e f l a c c i d , e s p e c i a l l y t h e r i g h t s i d e . The myoc a r d i u m i s p a l e b r o w n i s h - r e d a n d o n t h e c u t s e c t i o n t h e r e a r e numerous s m a l l ( a b o u t 2 mm - 1 5 rnrn i n d i a m e t e r ) f o c a l w h i t e f i r m l e s i o n s t h r o u g h o u t t h e . l e f t v e n t r i c l e , c h o r d a e t e n d i n e a e and i n t e r v e n t r i c u l a r septum. The v a l v e s r e v e a l no s i g n i f i c a n t l e s i o n s . R e p r o d u c t i v e System: Nervous System: No s i g n i f i c a n t l e s i o n s .
~ h e k ea r e numerous d u r a l a d h e s i o n s o n t h e c e r e b r u m .
T h e r e i s m o d e r a t e t o . ' s e v e r e ' s u b d u r a l hemorrhage on t h e c e r e b e l l u m and .brain s t e m . T h e r e i s m o d e r a t e t o s e v e r e hyperemia o v e r t h e dorsum o f e c e r e b e l l u m a n d t h e c e r e b r u m . The b r a i n - w a s f o r m a l . i z e d a n d w i l l b e , t o l o g i c a l l y sectioned f o r f u r t h e r examination.
Kilroy
0. o r c a
I.D.
SEX: 5:10 (P.M. )
NO.:
KW 7 2
)ATE/TIME O F DEATH:
9/23/78 9/23/78
a.m.
)ATE/TIME OF NECROPSY:
:LINICAL HISTORY PRIOR TO DEATH: Examination and l a b w o r k Abnorm-31 b e h a v i o r and a n o r e x i a were noted a b o u t 8/15/78. were done and t r e a t x e n t was i n s t i t u t e d . I n c r e a s e d r e s p i r a t o r y rate, dyspnea and a f o u l odor from b l m h o l e here noted. Treatment was continued w i t h l i t t l e inprovemt. C o n d i t i o n and a c t i v i t y c o n t i n u e d t o d e c l i n e and tuSe f e e d i n g vms hrplemented. Animal died on 9/23/78.
, '
' a r d i o v a s c u l a r System: Both r i g h t and l e f t v e n t r i c l e s appear t o b e d i l a t e d . ' 'i'he m u s c u l a t u r e w a s s o m e w h a t f l a c i d . On i n c i s i o n o f t h e m y o c a r d i u m , e s p e c i a l : ~f t h e l e f t v e n t r i c l e , a n d i n t h e c h o r d a e t e n d i n e a e , n u m e r o u s p a l e t o w h i t e ireas w e r e o b s e r v e d . T h e s e l e s i o n s w e r e f i r m , ' s u g g e s t i v e o f scar t i s s u e . r h e y w e r e s o m e t i m e s n o d u l a r a n d c o u l d be s e e n o n t h e e n d o c a r d i a 1 s u r f a c e . Phe l a r g e r l e s i o n s w e r e s e e n i n t h e i n t e r v e n t r i c u l a r s e p t u m . L e s i o n s were lot o b s e r v e d i n t h e r i g h t v e n t r i c l e . The a t r i a a p p e a r e d normal.
i r a t o r y System: The r i g h t l u n g was e d e m a t o u s . A g r e a t d e a l o f f r o t h , Incision o f t h e lung, j u i n e o u s f l u i d came f r o m t h e t r a c h e a a n d b r o n c h i . ? s p e c i a l l y i n t h e p o s t e r i o r or d i a p h r a g m a t i c p o r t i o n o f t h e d o r s a l p a r t o f * a t l o b e , s e v e r a l s m a l l a l ~ s c e s s e sw e r e o b s e r v e d . There a l s o appeared to be l u l t i p l e areas o f b r o n c h o p ~ e u m o n i a , , S o m e p o r t i o n s o f t h e l u n g w e r e e x t r e m e l y lark i n color, c o n g e s t e d . The l u n g i t s e l f was v e r y edematous. The l e f t -ung h a d a l a r g e n u m b e r o f f o c a l a r e a s o f n e c r o s i s a n d g a n g r e n e . They were T h e more s e v e r e l e s i o n w a s l o c a t e d i n nearly a l l portions of the lung. .n t h e d i a p h r a g m a t i c d c r s a l a s p z c t o f t h e l u n g . A lesion that was situate2 ' e n t r a l t o f th.e. w r , tra\ckqa p -< ~ &,qo,p,chi i n d i c a t e d a l e s i o n o f p e r h a p s l o n g e r d -: l
1
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(nVFR\
luration. I t was p a l e , a p p e a r e d t o b e f i b r o u s . The o t h e r ' l e s i o n . ~ , ? s p e c i a l l y t h o s e i n t h e d o r s a l a s p e c t of t h e lung w e r e believed t o be f a i r l y recent. They c o u l d b e s t b e d e s c r i b e d a s i r r e g u l a r a r e a s o f ~ecrosis nd what appears t o be gangrene. a j e m a t o p o i e t i c S y s t e m : The m e d i a s t i n a l a n d b r o n c h i a l ' lymph n o d e s a r e j u i c y , p e r h a p s somewhat c o n g e s t e d o r h e m o r r h a g i c . There a l s o appears to b e p e r h a p s ' s m a l l a r e a s o f n e c r o s i s o r f i b r o s i s . O t h e r lymph n o d e s - such a s t h e p r e s c a p u l a r w e r e showing s i m i l a r , l e s i o n s . D i g e s t i v e S y s t e m : The l i v e r i s p a l e i n c o l o r , c u t s w i t h m d d e r a t e e . a s e . The l i v e r , t h o u q h , i s somewhat rer h e r e i s p e r h a p s some a u t o l y s i s . n a r k a b l e by i t s p a l e n e s s o f - c o l o r . The g e n i t a l system, b o t h r i g h t a n d l e f t k i d n e y s w e r e extreme1.y p a l e , b l a n c h e d a n d u s u a l l y t h e h y l e r p o r t i o n ~f e a c h o f t h e l o b u l e s w a s p a l e t o y e l l o w i s h i n c o l o r . No g r o w t h l e s i o n s were o b s e r v e d i n t h e o r g a n . No f u r t h e r l e s i o n s w e r e o b s e r v e d .
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CARDIOVASCLILAR SYSTEM: The h e a r t : Sect i o n s o f t h e h e a r t r e v e a l t h a t many o f t h e m y o c a r d i a l f i b e r s a r e t h i n , a p p a r e n t l y w i t h s o m e ' a t r o p h y , and such f i b e r s a r e f r e q u e n t l y s e p a r a t e d by a r e a s o f c o n n e c t i v e t i s s u e , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e r e has been some m y o c a r d i a l d e g e n e r a t i o n and s c a r f o r m a t i o n . These l e s i o n s a r e r a t h e r w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d i n t h e s e c t i o n s b e i n g examined. 'The l e s i o n s however o f g r e a t e s t s i g n i f i c a n c e a r e t h o s e o f a m y o c a r d i t i s , w h i c h a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d by n e c r o s i s , d e g e n e r a t i o n o f m y o c a r d i a l f i b e r s and a m i n i m a l i n f i 1 t r a t i o n o f p o l y m o r p h o n u c l e a r l e u k o c y t e s and l y m p h o c y t e s . The most s t r i k i n g f e a t u r e o f t h e l e s i o n i s t h e presence o f numerous m y c o t i c o r y e a s t b o d i e s . Most o f . t h e c e l l s a r e s p h e r i c a l o r o v a t e i n shape and v a r y g r e a t l y i n s i z e . I n a d d i t i o n t o the y e a s t - l i k e organisms, m y c e l i a c a n be seen. I t does a p p e a r t h a t some o f t h e mycel i a a r e s e p t a t e . S e c t i o n s s t a i n e d by t h e PAS method, f a i l e d t o s u p p l y additi'ona.1 c l u e s as t o t h e i d e n t i t y o f t h e organisms. Candidia should probably be c o n s i d e r e d as one o f t h e m i c r o - o r g a n i s m s ; however, t h e r e may be more t h a n one mycotic agent. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: The l u n g : T h e r e i s c o n s i d e r a b l e v a r i a t i o n i n t h e . l e s i o n s observed from various s e c t i o n s o f the lung. They range f r o m a r e a s o f n e c r o s i s , w i t h gangrene o f t h e l u n g , t o o t h e r p o r t i o n s o f t h e l u n g t h a t a r e s e v e r e l y cong e s t e d and c o n t a i n a f e w n e u t r o p h i 1 s b u t a r e n e a r n o r m a l . I n between t h e s e In e x t r e m e s i t can be seen t h a t p o r t i o n s o f t h e l u n g a r e e x t r e m e l y edematous. t h e gangrenous l u n g t h e r e ace l a r g e a r e a s o f f r a n k n e c r o s i s , i n w h i c h can be seen many c o l o n i e s o f b a c t e r i a , b o t h b a c i l l i and c o c c i . Polymorphonuclear l e u k o c y t e s have i n f i l t r a t e d t h e t i s s u e , e s p e c i a l l y n e a r t h e j u n c t i o n w i t h v i a b l e pulmonary t i s s u e , and t h e r e a r e a l s o zones o f c o n g e s t i o n and hemorrhage. I n t h e a r e a s o f severe p u l m o n a r y edema, a1 1 a l v e o l i and b r o n c h i a r e g r e a t l y d i s t e n d e d w i t h homogeneous, e o s i n o p h i l i c s t a i n i n g m a t e r i a l , presumed t o be plasma. Moderate numbers o f g r a n u l o c y t e s a r e p r e s e n t and o c c a s i o n a l l y s m a l l c o l o n i e s o f bacteria. I t i s v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e t h e absence o f m y c o t i c o r y e a s t - l i k e o r g a n i s m s i n t h e pulmonary t i s s u e .
'
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: The l i v e r : T h e r e has been c o n s i d e r a b l e a u t o l ' y s i s o f t h e liver. C o l o n i e s o f b a c t e r i a a r e - f r e q u e n t l y o b s e r v e d , b o t h i n t h e . parenchyma and i n t h e c e n t r a l v e i n s . They c a n a l s o be found . i n and a r o u n d t h e b i l e d u c t s . It i s b e l i e v e d t h a t a good p o r t i o n o f t h e s e b a c t e r i a a r e p o s t mortem p r o l i f e r ating cells. HEMOPOlETlC SYSTEM: The s p l e e n i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by an o b v i o u s p a u c i t y o f lymphocytes. The g e r m i n a l c e n t e r s do n o t appear t o be a c t i v e . The lymph s i n u s e s a r e distended. Sections o f the spleen a l s o reveal t h a t there i s a suppression o f lymphopoiesis. T h i s w o u l d i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e imm~ine s t a t u s o f t h e a n i m a l had been reduced. C o l o n i e s o f b a c t e r i a can a l s o be seen i n t h e s e t i s s u e s . UROGENITAL SYSTEM: The k i d n e y : The s e c t i o n s examined i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e k i d n e y s a r e n o r m a l , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f shnc a u t o l y s i s .
DIAGNOSIS:
COMMENTS: The absence o f t h e f u n g i o r y e a s t i n 0the.r t i s s u e s krould i n d i c a t e t h a t the rnyocarditis i s o f a separate disease e n t i t y . PAS s t a i n s were made of the h e a r t sections but they f a i l e d t o h e l p d i f f e r e n t i a t e o r i d e n t i f y the I am t a k i n g some p h o t o m i c r o g r a p h s w h i c h I w i l l s u p p l y t o you, organism. along w i t h the s l i d e s , a t a l a t e r date.
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m c a s u r e m c n t s , e s c e p t t h o s e marked w i t h a n *;- a r e t a k e n i n a s t r a i g h t l i n e i l l e l t o t h e body a x i s . T h e marked o n e s a r e t a k e n p o i n t t o p o i n t . Indi: i f done o t h e r w i s e . Measure t o t h e c e n t e r o f t h e a p e r t u r e s . l.leasurenent F i l l out a separate shown by n u n b e r o n t h e d r a w i n g s o n t h e s e c o n d p a g e . 1 f o r fetuses. U n i t s o f Measure ( M e t r i c S y s t e m p r e f e r r e d ) cm
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5 cm
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49 lbs.
t 35 l b s .,
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