Profesora:Tania Muio Loureiro Espaol SPNS 2102

THE SUBJUNCTIVE Spanish has a special class of verb forms, called the "subjunctive", which are used to discuss potential or hypothetical events, or events portrayed subjectively. This subjunctive "mood" (i,.e. mode of looking at things) contrasts with the "indicative" mood, which presents information as actual, objective fact. The term subjunctive refers to a mood, not a tense. A tense refers to when an action is taking place (present, past, future, etc). The subjunctive is most frequent in subordinate clauses* introduced by que or another subordinating conjunction, but not all que-clauses take the subjunctive. All of these clauses fulfill one of two conditions: they either describe a potential or hypothetical situation, or else they reflect the subject's subjective or emotional reaction to a situation. Usually the main clause contains elements which condition the choice of the subjunctive. (Surprisingly, clauses introduced by the conjunction si 'if', which typically expresses a hypothetical condition, do not require the subjunctive.) SUBJUNCTIVE IN NOUN CLAUSES (in pag. 94 in Imagina) In Spanish, the subjunctive is used for the verb in a subordinate noun clause when: 1. The subject of the governing verb is different from the subject of the subordinate noun clause EX. (YO) Quiero que (TU) vengas a la fiesta conmigo. - I want you to come to the party with me dependent clause 2. If there isnt a change of subject, an infinitive is used EX. Quiero ir a la fiesta. - I want to go to the party
Infinitive

We use the subjunctive in noun clauses which are governed by

W. E. I. R. D. O verbs

WISHES: querer (to want), preferir (to prefer), desear (to desire), necesitar(to need), insistir (insist), etc
o o Quiero que t puedas visitarme durante las vacaciones Necesito que vengas a mi casa maana

EMOTION: estar alegre (to be happy), alegrarse (to become happy), enfadarse (to get angry), esperar (to hope),

gustar, molestar (disturb), preocuparse de (worry about), quejarse de (complain about), sorprender (to be surprised), tener miedo de (to be afraid of), temer (to fear) etc o Me alegro de que hayas recibido una A en tu nota de espaol. o Me enfada que Juan no trabaje ms en este proyecto

IMPERSONAL IMPRESSIONS: es bueno (its good), es

malo (bad), es importante (important), es (im)posible, es mejor (better), es necesario (necessary), es ridculo (ridiculous), es una lstima (its a shame), es estrao (strange) etc. o Es ridculo que Mara sea la mejor amiga de Jaime o Es importante que estudiemos para el examen o Es imposible que Maria sea mdico

A sentence which contains just one clause is called a simple sentence.. A sentence which contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses is called a complex sentence. There are three basic types of dependent clauses: adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and noun clauses.

Profesora:Tania Muio Loureiro Espaol SPNS 2102

REQUESTS: pedir (to ask, request), rogar (to beg), mandar (to order)
o o Ella pide que no lleguemos tarde Te ruego que no hagas tanto ruido (noise)

DOUBT AND UNCERTAINTY: dudar, negar (to deny),no estar seguro (de) (to be uncertain), no pensar, no creer, etc
o Dudo que alguien sea capaz de sacar un 100% en su examen final de fsica, es un curso muy difcil!

OJAL: (I hope, I wish) etc

o Ojal que vuelvas pronto

When not to use the Subjunctive

We DO NOT use the subjunctive to express facts, beliefs, truth, certainties or the obvious. Normally the reverse (positive/negative) of verbs of doubt and negation indicate some certainty or fact thus takes the indicative

INDICATIVE= fact, certainty

No dudamos que son Buenos Creo que asisten a la clase. Estoy segura de que viene. Es cierto que son las 8. Pienso que es muy importante

SUBJUNCTIVE= doubt, uncertainty Dudamos que sean buenos No creo que asistan a clase No estoy segura de que vengan. No es cierto que sean las 8 No pienso que sea muy importante

Some verbs can either indicate influence/order (and take the subjunctive) or reporting (and take the indicative): Ella dice que nos vamos. Ella dice que nos vayamos. Yo insisto en que l viene. Yo insisto en que l venga. She says we're leaving. She's telling us to leave. I insist that he is coming. I insist that he come. [Reporting a fact: indicative] [Giving us a command: subj] [Know it for a fact: indicative] [Giving an order: subjunctive]

SUBJUNCTIVE IN ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES (pag. 134 in Imagina) When the subordinate clause of a sentence refers to something (the antecedent) that is known to exist, the indicative is used. When the antecedent is uncertain or indefinite, the subjunctive is used. 1) Busco una novia que sea inteligente
dependent clause

2) Tengo una novia que es inteligente

dependent clause