N-1595

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NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING RADIOGRAPHY

Procedure
This Standard replaces and cancels its previous revision. The CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee provides guidance on the interpretation of this Standard when questions arise regarding its contents. The Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard is responsible for adopting and applying the clauses thereof. Technical Requirement: a provision established as the most adequate and which shall be used strictly in accordance with this Standard. If a decision is taken not to follow the requirement (non-conformity to this Standard) it shall be based on well-founded economic and management reasons, and be approved and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized by the verb forms shall, it is necessary..., is required to..., it is required that..., is to..., has to..., only ... is permitted, and other equivalent expressions having an imperative nature. Recommended Practice: a provision that may be adopted under the conditions of this Standard, but which admits (and draws attention to) the possibility of there being a more adequate alternative (not written in this Standard) to the particular application. The alternative adopted shall be approved and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized by the verbal form should and equivalent expressions such as it is recommended that... and ought to... (verbs of a nonmandatory nature). It is indicated by the expression: [Recommended Practice]. Copies of the registered non-conformities to this Standard that may contribute to the improvement thereof shall be submitted to the CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee.

CONTEC
Comisso de Normas Tcnicas

SC - 27
Non-Destructive Testing

Proposed revisions to this Standard shall be submitted to the CONTEC Authoring Subcommittee, indicating the alphanumeric identification and revision of the Standard, the clause(s) to be revised, the proposed text, and technical/economic justification for revision. The proposals are evaluated during the work for alteration of this Standard. The present Standard is the exclusive property of PETRLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. - PETROBRAS, for internal use in the Company, and any reproduction for external use or disclosure, without previous and express authorization from the owner, will imply an unlawful act pursuant to the relevant legislation through which the applicable responsibilities shall be imputed. External circulation shall be regulated by a specific clause of Secrecy and Confidentiality pursuant to the terms of intellectual and industrial property law.

Foreword
PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared by Working Groups GTs (consisting of specialists from PETROBRAS and its Subsidiaries), are commented by PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries, are approved by the Authoring Subcommittees - SCs (consisting of specialists from the same specialty, representing the various PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries), and ratified by the CONTEC Plenary Assembly (consisting of representatives of the PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries). A PETROBRAS Technical Standard is subject to revision at any time by its Authoring Subcommittee and shall be reviewed every 5 years to be revalidated, revised or cancelled. PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared in accordance with standard PETROBRAS N-1. For complete information about PETROBRAS Technical Standards see PETROBRAS Technical Standards Catalog.

PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS

15 pages and Index of Revisions

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FOREWORD
This Standard is the English version PETROBRAS N-1595 REV. E JAN/2004.

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(issued

in

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of

Standard

1 SCOPE
1.1 This Standard establishes the conditions required for non-destructive testing by means of X-rays and gamma rays in cast, forged, and rolled parts and welded joints. 1.2 This Standard is applied to non-destructive testing by means of X-rays and gamma rays after its date of issuance. 1.3 This standard is not applied to digital radiographic testing. 1.4 This Standard contains Technical Requirements and Recommended Practices.

2 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS
The documents listed below are mentioned in the text and contain valid requirements the present Standard. Portaria n 3214, 08/06/78 - Norma Regulamentadora n 6 (NR-6) - Equipamentos de Proteo Individual - EPI; PETROBRAS N-1738 - Descontinuidades em Juntas Soldadas, Fundidos, Forjados e Laminados; PETROBRAS N-2154 - Classificao de reas para Instalaes Eltricas em Regies de Perfurao e Produo; PETROBRAS N-2162 - Work Permit; PETROBRAS N-2166 - Classificao de reas para Instalaes Eltricas em Refinarias de Petrleo; PETROBRAS N-2167 - Classificao de reas para Instalaes Eltricas em Unidades de Transporte de Petrleo, Gs e Derivados; PETROBRAS N-2344 - Safety in Industrial Radiography Work; ABENDE DC-001 - Qualificao e Certificao de Pessoal em Ensaios No-Destrutivos; ABENDE NA-01 - Qualificao e Certificao de Pessoal em Ensaios No-Destrutivos; ISO 9712 - Non-Destructive Testing Qualification and Certification of Personnel; ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V; BSI BS EN 462 - Non-Destructive Testing: Image Quality of Radiographs - Part 5: Image Quality Indicators (Duplex Eire Type), Determination of Image Unsharpness Value. BSI BS EN 473 - Non-Destructive Testing Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel - General Principles Supersedes PD; BSI BS EN 45013 - General Criteria for Certification Bodies Operating Certification of Personnel. 2

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For documents for which only the Portuguese version is available, the PETROBRAS department that uses this Standard should be consulted for any information required for the specific application.

3 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Standard the definitions in code ASME Section V, Article 2, Appendix V are adopted, complemented by items 3.1 to 3.4. 3.1 Panoramic Exposure Exposure in which more than 1 film is exposed at a time. 3.2 Penetrated Thickness The total thickness crossed by radiation. 3.3 Radiographic Sensitivity Smallest detail and/or change in contrast that can be seen in a radiographic image. 3.4 Unresolved Duplex Wire IQI Image quality indicator comprised of parallel duplex wires. An unresolved pair is considered o one in which it is not possible to view the duplex wires separately in the radiographic image.

4 GENERAL CONDITIONS
The general conditions shall be in accordance with code ASME Section V Article 2 and with the supplementary information and exceptions to the Inspection Procedure described in items 4.1 and 4.2. 4.1 Inspection Procedure The inspection procedure shall contain the following items, in the indicated sequence: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) objective; reference standards; material (e.g., carbon steel material and manufacturing process); type of source or X-ray machine, mentioning radioactive isotope or maximum voltage; maximum dimensions of source or X-ray machine focus; film brand and type; intensifying screens or filters for protection against scattered radiation, mentioning type, quantity, dimensions and thickness; condition required for surfaces to be tested and preparation methods; exposure arrangement; description of location marking method; density range; image quality indicators (IQI): 3

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- type; - material; - location; - shims; m) execution tables; n) radiographic identification drawing and systems; o) radiographic lab data; p) film processing; q) supplementary requirements, including: - cassette arrangement; - summarized testing sequence; - supplementary information; r) radiological protection; s) safety and environmental requirements as per Chapter 21 of this Standard; t) systematic procedure for recording results; u) form for report containing recorded results. Note: Subparagraphs c), d), e), f) and g) mentioned in item 4.1 are found in code ASME Section V.

4.2 The name of the issuer (PETROBRAS department or responsible firm), the number and the revision of the procedure shall be included therein.

5 MATERIAL GROUP
The material to be radiographed shall be classified according to its radiation absorption characteristics in accordance with code ASME Section V, Article 22 SE-1025.

6 SOURCE
For gamma-ray sources, the thickness range of material which should be radiographed for each radioactive isotope is indicated in TABLE 1. [Recommended Practice]

TABLE 1 - THICKNESS QUALIFIED RANGE WITH RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE

Selenium-75 Thickness (mm) 5 to 30 -

Material Steel Copper and high nickel alloys Aluminum Notes:

Iridium-192 Thickness (mm) 10 to 80 10 to 80 60

Cobalt-60 Thickness (mm) 60 to 150 60 to 150 -

1) For penetrated thicknesses smaller than the minimum thicknesses defined for each isotope the use of X-rays is recommended. [Recommended Practice] 2) For penetrated thicknesses smaller than 10 mm for the Double Wall Double Viewing (PD-VD) and Double Wall Single Viewing (PD-VS) Techniques and for penetrated thicknesses smaller than 5 mm for the Single Wall Single Viewing (PS-VS) technique, the use of type 1 film is recommended. [Recommended Practice] 4

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7 FILM

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7.1 Type 1 films (low speed, very high contrast and very fine grain) or type 2 films (average speed, high contrast and fine grain ) shall be used. 7.2 The length of the film undergoing radiographic testing on a sampling basis shall not be less than 152 mm. 7.3 The quantity of films used to radiograph circumferential joints in single viewing shall be in accordance with TABLE A-1 of ANNEX A.

8 INTENSIFYING SCREEN
Screens shall comply with the following requirements: a) material as specified in code ASME Section V, Article 22 SE 94; b) have an identification system allowing their traceability, positioned outside the area of interest.

9 SURFACE PREPARATION
For austenitic stainless steels, nickel alloys and aluminum alloys, the surface preparation tools of those materials shall be used only for the same materials and shall comply with the following requirements: a) be made of stainless steel or covered with that material for austenitic stainless steels and nickel alloys; b) cutting and grinding disks shall have a nylon or similar core.

10 EXPOSURE ARRANGEMENT
10.1 A schematic drawing shall be prepared for the exposure arrangement containing at least the following information: a) b) c) d) e) f) source position; location of IQI for evaluation of radiographic sensitivity; location of duplex wire IQI, when required; location of location markers; indication of dimension considered as the source-to-film distance; radiographic technique.

10.2 In order to radiograph pipes having an outside diameter equal to or smaller than 89 mm (3.5) it is recommended that the PD-VD technique be used. [Recommended Practice] 10.3 For the PD-VD technique, it is recommended that the dimension of the smallest inside axis of ellipses be between 10 mm and 15 mm. [Recommended Practice] 5

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11 LOCATION MARKERS

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11.1 Lead characters with a maximum height of 12 mm shall be used as location markers. 11.2 For cylindrical and spherical equipment and piping the following requirements shall be met: a) fix the lead numbers to a tape in increasing order (0, 1, 2 ...) and at regular intervals; b) for circumferential joints, the tape shall be wrapped around the equipment or piping with the numbering in the clockwise direction, considering the clock dial position as turned toward the North or East, for equipment or piping with a longitudinal axis on the horizontal position and upward in the case of equipment or piping with a longitudinal axis outside the horizontal position; c) for longitudinal joints, the tape shall be attached to the equipment or piping, with increasing numbering from South to North or from West to East, in the case of horizontal joints and from bottom to top in the case of vertical or non-horizontal joints; Note: Paragraphs c) is not applicable when the North-South and East-West directions have not been defined. For pipelines and piping, it shall be indicated according to the direction of flow, when the latter is unidirectional.

d) for the perfect positioning of reference 0 of the tape, the symbols

or shall be marked on the equipment or piping, preferably on the top part, in the case of circumferential joints, and reference 0 of the tape shall be attached to the base of the marked symbol, according to the example given below:

12 DENSITY
The density, measured in the area of interest and in the region of the IQI, shall be at least 1.8 for radiographs taken with X-rays and 2.0 for radiographs taken with gamma rays and 3.5 at the most for films evaluated individually. In the case of composite viewing of double film exposure, the minimum density of the set shall be 2.6 and for each individual radiograph it shall be 1.3. Note: After calibrating the densitometer, the luminosity of the negatoscope shall not be altered.

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13 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQI)

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13.1 The radiographic sensitivity shall be checked by using an IQI, which shall display a perfect image definition on the radiograph, including its identification numbers and letters and a clearly visible essential hole or wire, not only in the technique in which each film is evaluated individually but also in the composite viewing of double film exposure. For wire type IQIs the essential wire is considered as being clearly visible when 10 mm of its length can be seen within the area of interest of the radiograph. 13.2 The selection of the material and type of IQI and of the radiographic sensitivity shall be in accordance with the design or construction and assembly standards of the equipment. In case those standards fail to cover those aspects, code ASME Section V Article 2 shall be used. Note: When no provision is made in the reference standard, the selection of the essential wire for IQI on the film side shall be made at the time of procedure qualification, by checking the equivalence with the essential wire corresponding to the IQI on the source side.

13.3 The hole type IQI image, in the case of weld radiographs, shall be at least 3 mm from the weld margin. Note: For double wall double viewing radiographs, the IQI shall be as close as possible to the weld, at the smallest distance from the radiation source; its image, however, shall be at least 3 mm away from the weld margin.

13.4 The shim thickness shall be such that the total thickness radiographed through the IQI is at least the same as the total thickness of the weld, including its reinforcement and backing strip not removed, as well as other thickness variations such as those found in nozzles. 13.5 For joints of dissimilar thicknesses, when reference is not made in the reference standard, consider the smallest thickness in the selection of the IQI, positioning the IQI in the region of smaller thickness. 13.6 The IQI and the shim shall not be coated or painted with metallic pigments.

14 EXECUTION TABLES
14.1 Two tables shall be prepared so as to facilitate testing. 14.1.1 Table of exposure data, containing the following information: a) range of diameters; b) range of thicknesses; c) minimum source-to-film distance; 7

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indication of IQI used and required sensitivity; indication of duplex wire IQI used and the pair of unresolved duplex wire; radiographic technique; whether or not intensifying screens are used.

14.1.2 Film arrangement table, containing the following information: a) b) c) d) e) f) diameter; thickness or thickness range; number of films; size of films; nominal overlap; minimum overlap (according to Chapter 16).

14.2 For welds, the area of interest is limited by the width of the weld, plus 3 mm on each side of the weld. The area of interest of the radiograph shall be free of overlap with the identification, with the shim of the IQI and with the location markers.

15 SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE
15.1 The distance shall be at least the one calculated according to the following formula:

Dff = Where: Dff f p d = = = =

f e +d p

e Note:

minimum source-to-film distance, mm; source dimension, mm; geometric unsharpness (see code ASME Section V Article 2); greatest distance between the weld or object and the film, to be considered in the radiography, in mm, equal to the thickness of the weld or object being radiographed plus the distance between the weld or object, considering its side closest to the film; = thickness of weld or object being radiographed.

In the case of double wall and double viewing radiographs, consider as distance d the pipe outside diameter plus or not the distance between the film and the face closest to the object.

15.2 When it is not possible to comply with the source-to-film distance requirement of item 15.1 of this Standard, compliance with the maximum geometric unsharpness condition recommended by code ASME Section V Article 2 (or applicable design standard or code) may be measured, through prior approval by PETROBRAS, using the duplex wire IQI of standard EN-462 Part 5. In that case, the duplex wire IQI shall be positioned on the side of the source with the IQI of radiographic sensitivity. Note: The procedure for using the duplex wire IQI is shown in ANNEX B.

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16 OVERLAP

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16.1 The minimum overlap between films, for flat surfaces or when the source-to-film distance is smaller than or equal to the radius of curvature, shall be calculated through the formula:
S= C.e +6 Dff

Where: S C e Dff = overlap, mm; = film length, mm; = piece thickness, mm; = minimum source-to-film distance, mm.

16.2 The nominal overlap for fully radiographed circumferential joints shall be determined through TABLE A-1 of ANNEX A, but it shall never be less than 30 mm. 16.3 The actual overlap shall be checked at all times through the appearance of the same location markers on consecutive radiographs.

17 IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPH
17.1 At least the following information shall appear on the radiographic image: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) number of equipment, piping or part; joint number; thickness; material or optionally, in the case of piping, its class; film identification number; date service was performed; identification of level 1 professional; the following inscriptions, as the case may be: - NR - radiograph of partially repaired weld; - NE - radiograph of weld after grinding; - NT - radiograph of fully redone weld; - NX - repetition of radiograph due to error in performance; - RX - repetition of radiograph for confirmation of defect; - AM - radiograph taken to increase number of samples due to defects in the previous radiograph; - EX - radiograph taken to delimit the defect.

17.2 At least the following information shall be included in the radiograph envelope: a) b) c) d) acronym of job or contract number; name and/or symbol of contracting party; name and/or symbol of inspection firm; signature and identification of level 1 professional who performed the radiography;

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e) report including signature and identification of the level 2 professional who issued it; f) welding process; g) bevel; h) thickness; i) material; j) welding position; k) identification of equipment/piping; l) joint number; m) film identification number; n) number of welder or welding operator; o) radiographic technique. Note: Paragraphs j) and n) are optional through prior approval by PETROBRAS.

17.3 The information mentioned in item 17.1 shall appear as radiographic image simultaneously with the image of the part. It is not permitted to write or alter the information on the radiograph by other means. 17.4 To reduce the space occupied by identification data, it is recommended that such data be printed and written in pencil in a thin and transparent strip of paper with a maximum width of 22 mm. The printed and written images can then be intensified by placing, inside the cassette, an intensifying screen with the same dimensions as those of the strip of paper. [Recommended Practice]

18 RADIOGRAPHIC LABORATORY
18.1 Unused films shall be stored in a suitable environment and under adequate conditions to keep them protected from the effects of light, pressure, excessive heat, excessive humidity, vapors and possible radiation. 18.2 The dark room shall be protected from the effects of light that may adversely affect the quality of the radiograph. 18.2.1 The maximum power of the safety light used in the dark room shall be 15 W. 18.2.2 The minimum distance between the safety light and the service area shall be 1.20 m. A safety filter shall be used in the lighting fixture to ensure the suitable lighting in the dark room. 18.3 The service area, the screens and the cassettes shall be kept clean. To that end, separate areas shall be provided for loading the cassettes (dry area) and for developing films (wet area), which shall be at least 1 mm apart. 18.4 Chemicals shall be disposed of in a segregated manner for subsequent treatment.

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18.5 Chemicals used for developing shall be stored in a room or area specifically intended for that purpose. This place shall not be inhabited or used by people.

19 FILM PROCESSING
19.1 For automatic film processing, the manufacturers instructions shall be followed. 19.2 For manual processing, each bath shall be prepared in an individual container, which shall be exclusively used for that bath.

20 RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
20.1 Services shall be performed according to the general radiological protection plan approved by the CNEN. Within PETROBRAS areas, besides the requirements of standard PETROBRAS N-2344, the applicable safety codes and standards shall be observed. 20.2 The signaling light systems of isolation areas shall be suitable to the area classification, in accordance with standards PETROBRAS N-2154, N-2166 and N-2167, according to the environment in which the test is performed.

21 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

21.1 The environmental aspects and impacts and risks and hazards caused by the in-service inspection activity shall be considered. 21.2 Before inspection services are commenced within PETROBRAS facilities, a work permit shall be obtained, in accordance with standard PETROBRAS N-2162, where the safety requirements for the performance of inspection services are defined. In case of non-compliance, environmental protection and industrial safety department shall be notified. 21.3 The personal protection equipment required for the performance of inspection services shall be used, in accordance with regulatory standard No. 6 (NR-6). 21.4 Check if accesses, scaffolds and lighting are sufficient and suitable. 21.5 Check parallel maintenance services to make sure they do not pose any safety risks.

22 RECORDING OF RESULTS
22.1 The terminology used for designating discontinuities shall comply with standard PETROBRAS N-1738. 11

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22.2 Results shall be recorded by means of an identification and traceability system allowing the correlation between the tested area and the report and vice-versa. 22.3 A report attaching the radiograph shall be issued containing at least the following information: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) name of issuer (department of PETROBRAS or executing firm); numerical identification; identification of part, equipment or piping; identification of source and dimensions; number and revision of procedure; records of results, indicating the types of discontinuities; reference standards for interpretation of results; report indicating acceptance, rejection (with the film mask attached thereto) or recommendation of additional test; i) date; j) identification and signature of responsible level 2 professional. 22.4 It will not be necessary to include the description of the systematic procedure adopted for recording results in the inspection procedure, at the discretion of PETROBRAS, if the entity responsible for performing the inspection (PETROBRAS department or responsible firm) presents in its Quality System a systematic procedure in accordance with item 22.2. [Recommended Practice]

23 INSPECTION PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

23.1 The procedure is considered qualified when the radiographs taken within the thickness ranges established (in the design standard or construction and assembly standard of the equipment or piping) present: a) b) c) d) e) f) Note: a density within the required range; a perfectly defined image quality indicator; a clearly visible essential hole or wire; the pair of duplex wire required, when applicable; no spots or developing flaws; a perfectly visible identification system.

When the design or construction and assembly standards of the equipment or piping fail to cover the above aspects, code ASME Section V Article 2 shall be used.

23.2 Only one radiograph shall be made for each thickness range, except in the case of panoramic exposure, where 2 consecutive radiographs are required. 23.3 A radiograph shall be made only for the ranges covering the thickness values specified in the inspection procedure.

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24 REVISION AND/OR REQUALIFICATION OF INSPECTION PROCEDURE

24.1 Whenever any of the variables of Chapter 4 is altered, a revision of the procedure shall be issued. 24.2 Whenever any of the variables mentioned in paragraphs b), c) (only if group is altered), d), e) (only when increased), f), g), i) (except dimensions), l) (only material, type and essential hole or wire), m) (only if the source-to-film distance is reduced, the radiographic sensitivity is increased and the radiographic technique is altered), n) (only if the identification system is altered), mentioned in item 4.1 is altered, the procedure shall be requalified.

25 QUALIFICATION OF PROFESSIONALS IN LEVEL 1, LEVEL 2 AND LEVEL 3

Professionals shall be qualified under standards ABENDE NA-001 and DC-001 or by independent systems operating in accordance with the requirements of standards BSI BS EN 45013 and ISO 9712 or standard BSI BS EN 473. _____________

/ANNEX A

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ANNEX A - TABLES TABLE A-1 - QUANTITIES OF FILMS FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL JOINT FULLY RADIOGRAPHED (100 %) - SINGLE VIEW
Outside Diameter of Equipment or Pipe

Quantity of Films

a) 4 films with exposures 90 apart, dimensions 216 mm (maximum) x 89 mm (8 1/2 x 3 1/2) or 216 mm (maximum) x 114 mm (8 1/2 x 4 1/2), with the source placed outside a) from 89 mm (3.500) to 219 mm and the film inside the equipment or pipe; 3 (8.625) films or 4 films with exposures 120 or 90 apart, respectively, dimension 216 mm x 89 mm (8 1/2 x 3 1/2) or 216 mm x 114 mm (8 1/2 x 4 1/2), with the source and film placed outside the equipment or pipe. b) 4 films with exposures 90 apart, dimensions b) from 219 mm (8.625) to 457mm (18) 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). c) 5 films with equally spaced exposures, c) from 457 mm (18) to 610 mm (24) dimension 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). d) 6 films with equally spaced exposures, d) from 610 mm (24) to 737 mm (29) dimension 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). e) 7 films with equally separated exposures, e) from 737 mm (29) to 864 mm (34) dimension 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). f) 8 films with equally separated exposures, f) from 864 mm (34) to 991 mm (39) dimension 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). g) 9 films with equally separated exposures, g) from 991 mm (39) to 1 118 mm (44) 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). h)10 films with equally separated exposures, h) from 1 118 mm (44) to 1 245 mm 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x (49) 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). i) 11 films with equally separated exposures, i) from 1 245 mm (49) to 1 346 mm (53) 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). j) 12 films with equally separated exposures, j) from 1 346 mm (53) to 1 473 mm (58) 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). k) 13 films with equally separated exposures, k) from 1 473 mm (58) to 1600 mm (63) 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2). l) As many films as necessary with equally l) over 1600 mm (63) separated exposures, 432 mm x 89 mm (17 x 3 1/2) or 432 mm x 114 mm (17 x 4 1/2).

/ANNEX B
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ANNEX B - USE OF DUPLEX WIRE IQI

B-1 The duplex wire IQI shall de positioned at all times on the source side and on a plane perpendicular to an imaginary straight line between the source and the object to be radiographed. B-2 The duplex wire IQI shall be viewed in 2 positions on the same plane 90 apart. The images may be obtained in the same exposure with use of 2 duplex wire IQIs or by means of 2 exposures. Note: The duplex wire IQI shall be positioned in parallel to the width and length of the film.

B-3 The geometric unsharpness shall be defined as the first pair of unresolved duplex wires. B-4 The correlation of the maximum geometric unsharpness specified in code ASME Section V Article 2 is shown in TABLE B-1. In case the design code used is different from code ASME Section V Article 2 the first pair of duplex wires of the IQI of standard EN-462 Part 5, corresponding to the maximum geometric unsharpness specified in the design code, shall be used.

TABLE B-1 - TOTAL MAXIMUM GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS

Maximum Geometric Unsharpness of ASME Section V Article 2 Unresolved Duplex wire of IQI of Standard EN-462 Part 5 Geometric Unsharpness Corresponding to the Unresolved Duplex Wire

Thickness of material

Less than 2 (50.8 mm) Greater than 2 (50.8 mm) and up to 3 (76.2 mm) Greater than 3(76.2 mm) and up to 4 (101.6 mm) Greater than 4 (101.6 mm)

0.020 (0.51 mm)

6D

0.50 mm

0.030 (0.76 mm)

5D

0.64 mm

0.040 (1,02 mm)

3D

1.00 mm

0.070 (1.78 mm)

1D

1.60 mm

B-5 - Use of duplex wire IQI together with the IQI of radiographic sensitivity is obligatory. _____________ 15

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INDEX OF REVISIONS REV. A, B, C, and D

There is no index of revisions.

REV. E
Affected Parts 1.3 1.4 2 3.3 3.4 4 6 10.1 13.2 13.3 13.6 14.1.1 15.1 15.2 17.2 18.2.2 18.4 18.5 20 21 22 23 24 25 Included Revised Revised Included Included Revised Revised Revised Revised Revised Eliminated Revised Revised Included Revised Revised Included Included Revised Included Revised and Renumbered Revised and Renumbered Revised and Renumbered Revised and Renumbered Description of Alteration

_____________

IR 1/1