Bab 2 - Variety of Tenses

The following classification of four main groups of tenses :

Present Tense

Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Future Tense Future Continuous Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Future Tense Past Future Continuous Tense Past Future Perfect Tense Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Tense

Future Tense

Past Future Tense

Present Tense
A. Simple Present Tense Simple Present Tense is the form used to states an act or activity that took place or happened in the present in simple form, or activity or work that performed repeatedly, or habitual action, or event or action that has nothing to do with time. a. Simple present tense pattern using verb-1 (+) S + V1 + s/es + Object (-) S + Do/Does + Not + V1 + Object

(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + Object (-?) Do/Does + S + Not + V1 + Object

b. Simple present tense pattern Using Be (is, am, are) (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Be (is, am, are) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Be (is, am, are) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (is, am, are) + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Simple Present Tense 1. Used to states a habitual action. 2. Used to states general truth. 3. Used to states plan. d. Time signal 1. Adverb of Frequency; always; sometimes; usualy; often ;once a day; etc 2. Adverb of Time; every..; today; etc e. Table Verb1 (s/es)

Subject They We I You She He It persoal name

Not adding s/es

Adding s/es

B. Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense can also be called the present progressive tense is a tense that used to express an act, condition or event that is happening during discussion.

a.

Present continuous tense pattern using verb-ing. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Be (is, am, are) + V-ing + Object S + Be (is, am, are) + Not + V-ing + Object Be (is, am, are) + S + V-ing + Object Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + V-ing + Object

b. Present continuous tense pattern using be ( is, am, are ). (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Be (is, am, are) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Be (is, am, are) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (is, am, are) + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of present continuous tense 1. Used to states an action that happening now. 2. Used to states a temporary action. 3. Used to states an actions that are planned to be done immediately. 4. Used States an event or action that is ongoing during speaking d. Time signal, now, still, at present, at this moment, right now, etc e. Table Subject They We You Be (is, am, are) Verb-ing

Are

Verb-ing

I She He It persoal name

Am Is

Verb-ing

Verb-ing

C. Present Perfect Tense Present perfect tense is a form used to declare an act or activity which occurred at an unspecified time (indefinite time) in the past and during the speech act or activity has been completed. a. Present perfect tense pattern using verb-III. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S +Have/Has + Verb-III + Object S + Have/Has + Not + Verb-III + Object Have/Has + S + Verb-III + Object Have/Has + S + Not + Verb-III + Object

b. Present perfect tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Have/Has + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Have/Has +Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Have/Has + S + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Have/Has + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Present Perfect Tense 1. Used to states an activity undertaken in the past and still have something to do with the present.

2. 3.

Used to states an event that has been made repeatedly. Used to states an event that has occured.

d. Time Signal, Up to now, recently, almost, since, already, finnaly, until now, twice, still, etc.

e.

Table Subject They We I You She He It persoal name Have/has Verb-III

Have

Verb-III

Has Verb-III

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense is a form that used to express action or state that starts at the past and has continued until now. a. Present prefect continuous tense pattern using verb-ing. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S +Have/Has + Been + Verb-ing + Object S + Have/Has + Not + Been +Verb-ing + Object Have/Has + S + Been + Verb-ing + Object Have/Has + S + Not + Been + Verb-ing + Object

b. Present perfect continuous tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Have/Has + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Have/Has +Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Have/Has + S + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Have/Has + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Present Perfect continuous Tense. Used to states an activity that already begun long enough in the past and still continues till this day. d. Time Signal, For , Since, Never, Recently, Lately, This week, a long day, etc. e. Table Subject They We I You She He It persoal name Have/has Been Verb-ing

Have

Been

Verb-ing

Has

Been

Verb-ing

Past Tense
A. Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is a form of time used to describe events or actions that are performed at certain times in the past in a simple form. a. Simple past tense pattern using Verb-II. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + V-II + Object S + Did + Not + V-I + Object Did + S + V-I + Object Did + S + Not + V-I + Object

b. Simple past tense pattern using Be (was, were). (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Be (was, were) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Be (was, were) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (was, were) + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (was, were) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Simple Past Tense. 1. Used to states an activity that occurred in the past. 2. Used to states a habit that done in the past. d. Time Signal; yesterday, last night, last week, just now, ago, etc. e. Skema

Subject They We I You

Verb-II

Verb-II

She He It persoal name

B. Past Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense is generally used to express actions, circumstances or events that are taking place in the past when other circumstances or acts happened. a. Past continuous tense pattern using verb-ing. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Be (was, were) + V-ing + Object S + Be (was, were) + Not + V-ing + Object Be (was, were) + S + V-ing + Object Be (was, were) + S + Not + V-ing + Object

b. Past continuous tense pattern using Be (was, were). (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Be (was, were) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Be (was, were) + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (was, were) + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Be (was, were) + S + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of past continuous tense. 1. Used to states an ongoing activity at the time that stopped in the past.

2. Used to states an action in progress when following or any other event happened in the past. 3. Used to states an ongoing events as well as other events that happening simultaneously in the past. d. Time Signal; Yesterday at nine oclock, last week on Monday, when, while, etc. e. Table

Subject They We You I She He It persoal name

Be (was, were)

Verb-ing

Were

Verb-ing

Was

Verb-ing

C. Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense is a form of time used to describe an act that has been completed in the past, or explain a situation or event that has happened. a. Past perfect tense pattern using Verb-III. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Had + V-III + Object S + Had + Not + V-III + Object Had + S + V-III + Object Had + S + Not + V-III + Object

b. Past perfect tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Had + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Had + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Had + S + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Had + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of past perfect tense 1. Used to states an activity that has occurred in the past before another activity happened in the past. 2. Used to states an event or events that have occurred before a certain time in the past. d. Time Signal; After, Before, As soon as, When, Until. e. Table Subject They We I You She He It persoal name Had Verb-III

Had

Verb-III

D. Past Perfect Continuous tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time used to states an act or circumstance that has been started and is still going on in the past. a. Past perfect continuous tense pattern using verb-ing.

(+) (-) (?) (-?)

S + Had + Been + V-ing + Object S + Had + Not + Been + V-ing + Object Had + S + Been + V-ing + Object Had + S + Not + Been + V-ing + Object

b. Past perfect continuous tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Had + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Had + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Had + S + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Had + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of past perfect continuous tense 1. Used to states an activity or activities that has occurred and is still going on in the past and was completed before another activity happened in the past. 2. Used to states an ongoing activity in the past. d. Time Signal; For , Before, Since, For When, By the end of , etc. e. Table Subject They We I You She He It persoal name Had Been Verb-ing

Had

Been

Verb-ing

Future Tense
A. Simple Future Tense Simple Future Tense is a form of time that used to express action that will happened in the future.

a. Simple future tense pattern using verb-I. (+) (-) S + Will/Shall + V-I + Object S + Will/Shall + Not + V-I + Object

(?) Will/Shall + S + V-I + Object b. Simple future tense pattern using be. (-?) Will/Shall + S + Not + V-I + Object (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Will/Shall + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Will/Shall + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of simple future tense 1. Used to states any act or activity or activities to be conducted in the future. 2. Used to states the activities or conduct that would be done if requirements are met (conditional sentence type 1). 3. Used to states a demand. 4. Used to states a promise that will happen. 5. Used to states a prediction. d. Time Signal; tonight, this afternoon, later, soon, next, if , the day after tomorrow, etc. e. Table

Subject They You She He It persoal name

Will/Shall

Verb-I

Will

Verb-I

We I

Shall

Verb-I

B. Future Continuous Tense Future Continuous Tense is a form of time that used to express actions or state of being that will happened at some point in time that will come, when some other actions happened.

a. Future continuous tense pattern using verb-ing. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Will/Shall + be + V-ing + Object S + Will/Shall + Not + be + V-ing + Object Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + Object Will/Shall + S + Not + be + V-ing + Object

b. Future continuous tense pattern using be. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Will/Shall + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Will/Shall + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Future Continuous Tense

Used to states an activity or actions that will be taking place at a certain time in the future. d. Time Signal; Tommorow morning, next week on Sunday, all day tomorrow, etc. e. Table Subject They You She He It persoal name We I C. Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense is a form of time used to states an act or circumstance that has been completed at a certain time in the future. a. Future perfect tense pattern using verb-III. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Will/Shall + Have + V-III + Object S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + V-III + Object Will/Shall + S + Have + V-III + Object Will/Shall + S + Not + Have + V-III + Object Will/Shall + be Verb-ing

Will be

Verb-ing

Shall be

Verb-ing

b. Future perfect tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Future Perfect Tense Used to States an activity or activities that has already begun and will be completed in the future. d. Time Signal; Before, by June, by the end of , in a week, by next month, etc. e. Table Subject They You She He It persoal name We I Will/Shall + be Have Verb-III

Will

Have

Verb-III

Shall

Have

Verb-III

D. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time used to states an act or circumstance that has being done or happened at some point in the future during actions or other circumstances happened. a. Future perfect continuous tense pattern using verb-ing. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing + Object S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V-ing + Object Will/Shall + S + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

b. Future perfect continuous tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Will/Shall + S + Not + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Future perfect continuous Tense Used to states an activity or activities that would have been done and is still ongoing at the time that will come. d. Time Signal; By the end, For three hours at that time, for by , at this time tomorrow, the whole time, etc. e. Table Subject They You She He It persoal name We I Will/Shall Have Been Verb-ing

Will

Have

Been

Verb-ing

Shall

Have

Been

Verb-ing

Past Future Tense

A. Simple Past Future Tense Future Past Tense is a form of time stated an act or condition to be performed or happened in the past. a. Simple past future tense pattern using verb-I. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Would/Should + V-I + Object S + Would/Should + Not + V-I + Object Would/Should + S + V-I + Object Would/Should + S + Not + V-I + Object

b. Simple past future tense pattern using be.

(+) (-) (?) (-?)

S + Would/Should + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Would/Should + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of simple past future tense 1. Used to states an event or activities that will happened or be done in the past, but never realized because there are conditions that are not met. 2. States an event or activity that will already happened or done in the past. d. Time Signal; Yesterday, The day before, last , if , ago, two days ago, etc.

e. Table

Subject They You She He It

Would/Should

Verb-I

Would

Verb-I

persoal name We I Should Verb-I

B. Past Future Continuous Tense Future Past Continuous Tense is a form of time used to state an act or activity or situation that will be taking place in the past, but because there is something or other then the act was not to be implemented. a. Past future continuous tense pattern using verb-ing. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Would/Should + Be + V-ing + Object S + Would/Should + Not + Be + V-ing + Object Would/Should + S + Be + V-ing + Object Would/Should + S + Not + Be + V-ing + Object

b. Past future continuous tense pattern using be. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Would/Should + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Would/Should + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of past future continuous tense

Used to states an action or activities that happened in past. d. Time Signal; at the same time last month, yesterday morning, the day before, on Wednesday last week, etc. e. Table Would/Should + be

Subject They You She He It persoal name We I C. Past Future Perfect Tense

Verb-ing

Would be

Verb-ing

Should be

Verb-ing

Past Perfect Future Tense is a form of time that used to express an activity, action or situation which would have been completed in the past. a. Past future perfect tense pattern using verb-III. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Would/Should + Have + V-III + Object S + Would/Should + Not + Have + V-III + Object Would/Should + S + Have + V-III + Object Would/Should + S + Not + Have + V-III + Object

b. Past future perfect tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of Past Future Perfect Tense Used to states an activity that would clears in the past, but failed for some reason. d. Time Signal (Keterangan Waktu), last, two months ago, two days ago, three days ago, if , etc. e. Table

Subject They You She He It persoal name We I

Would/Should

Have

Verb-III

Would

Have

Verb-III

Should

Have

Verb-III

D. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time used to state an act or situation that should have been taking place at a certain time in the past. a. Past future perfect continuous tense pattern using verb-in). (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + V-ing + Object S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object Would/Should + S + Have + Been + V-ing + Object Would/Should + S + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object

b. Past future perfect continuous tense pattern using been. (+) (-) (?) (-?) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb Would/Should + S + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb

c. Function of past future perfect continuous tense Used to states an activities that will be completed and still at progress in past. d. Time Signal; for by last month, by last, by the end of, etc. e. Table Subject They You She He It persoal name We I Would/Should Have Been Verb-ing

Would be

Have

Been

Verb-ing

Should be

Have

Been

Verb-ing

References : Isnaeni, Lucky, Panduan Lengkap 16 Tense, cet. I, Jakarta: Tangga Pustaka, 2010 Hariyono, rudy dan Andrew Mc. Carthy. ABC Plus English Grammar. Surabaya: gita media press