SECTION 1 MITOSIS AND MEOISIS Chapter 10 How Cells Divide PART 1 UNDERSTAND 1.

Binary fission in prokaryotes does not require the 1. replication of DNA. 2. elongation of the cell. 3. separation of daughter cells by septum formation. 4. assembly of the nuclear envelope. 2. Chromatin is composed of 1. RNA and protein. 2. DNA and protein. 3. sister chromatids. 4. chromosomes. 3. What is a nucleosome? 1. A region in the cell's nucleus that contains euchromatin 2. A region of DNA wound around histone proteins 3. A region of a chromosome made up of multiple loops of chromatin 4. A 30-nm fiber found in chromatin 4. What is the role of cohesin proteins in cell division? 1. They organize the DNA of the chromosomes into highly condensed structures. 2. They hold the DNA of the sister chromatids together. 3. They help the cell divide into two daughter cells. 4. They connect microtubules and chromosomes. 5. The kinetochore is a structure that functions to 1. connect the centromere to microtubules. 2. connect centrioles to microtubules. 3. aid in chromosome condensation. 4. aid in chromosomes cohesion. 6. Separation of the sister chromatids occurs during 1. prophase. 2. prometaphase. 3. anaphase. 4. telophase. 7. Why is cytokinesis an important part of cell division? 1. It is responsible for the proper separation of genetic information. 2. It is responsible for the proper separation of the cytoplasmic contents. 3. It triggers the movement of a cell through the cell cycle. 4. It allows cells to halt at checkpoints. PART 2 APPLY 1. What steps in the cell cycle represent irreversible commitments? 1. The S/G2 checkpoint 2. The G1/S checkpoint 3. Anaphase 4. Both b and c 2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are regulated by 1. the periodic destruction of cyclins. 2. bipolar attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. 3. DNA synthesis. 4. both a and b.

3. The bacterial SMC proteins, eukaryotic cohesin proteins, and condensin proteins share a similar structure. Functionally they all 1. interact with microtubules. 2. can act as kinase enzymes. 3. interact with DNA to compact or hold strands together. 4. connect chromosomes to cytoskeletal elements. 4. Genetically, proto-oncogenes act in a dominant fashion. This is because 1. there is only one copy of each proto-oncogene in the genome. 2. they act in a gain-of-function fashion to turn on the cell cycle. 3. they act in a loss-of-function fashion to turn off the cell cycle. 4. they require that both genomic copies are altered to affect function. 5. The metaphase to anaphase transition involves 1. new force being generated to pull the chromatids apart. 2. an increase in force on sister chromatids to pull them apart. 3. completing DNA replication of centromeres allowing chromosomes to be pulled apart. 4. loss of cohesion between sister chromatids. 6. The main difference between bacterial cell division and eukaryotic cell division is that 1. since bacteria only have one chromosome, they can count the number of copies in the cell. 2. eukaryotes mark their chromosomes to identify them and bacteria do not. 3. bacterial DNA replication and chromosome segregation are concerted processes but in eukaryotes they are separated in time. 4. none of the above 7. In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by a contractile ring containing actin. The related process in bacteria is 1. chromosome segregation, which also appears to use an actin-like protein. 2. septation via a ring of FtsZ protein, which is an actin-like protein. 3. cytokinesis, which requires formation of a cell plate via vesicular fusion. 4. septation via a ring of FtsZ protein, which is a tubulin-like protein. Chapter 11 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis PART 1 UNDERSTAND 1. In comparing somatic cells and gametes, somatic cells are 1. diploid with half the number of chromosomes. 2. haploid with half the number of chromosomes. 3. diploid with twice the number of chromosomes. 4. haploid with twice the number of chromosomes. 2. What are homologous chromosomes? 1. The two halves of a replicated chromosome 2. Two identical chromosomes from one parent 3. Two genetically identical chromosomes, one from each parent 4. Two genetically similar chromosomes, one from each parent 3. Chiasmata form 1. between homologous chromosomes. 2. sister chromatids. 3. between replicated copies of the same chromosomes. 4. sex chromosomes but not autosomes.

4. Crossing over involves each of the following with the exception of 1. the transfer of DNA between two nonsister chromatids. 2. the transfer of DNA between two sister chromatids. 3. the formation of a synaptonemal complex. 4. the alignment of homologous chromosomes. 5. During anaphase I 1. sister chromatids separate and move to the poles. 2. homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles. 3. homologous chromosomes align at the middle of the cell. 4. all the chromosomes align independently at the middle of the cell. 6. At metaphase I the kinetochores of sister chromatids are 1. attached to microtubules from the same pole. 2. attached to microtubules from opposite poles. 3. held together with cohesin proteins. 4. not attached to any microtubules. 7. What occurs during anaphase of meiosis II? 1. The homologous chromosomes align. 2. Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles. 3. Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles. 4. The haploid chromosomes line up. PART 2 APPLY 1. Which of the following does not contribute to genetic diversity? 1. Independent assortment 2. Recombination 3. Metaphase of meiosis II 4. Metaphase of meiosis I Page 220 2. How does DNA replication differ between mitosis and meiosis? 1. DNA replication takes less time in meiosis because the cells are haploid. 2. During meiosis, there is only one round of replication for two divisions. 3. During mitosis, there is only one round of replication every other division. 4. DNA replication is exactly the same in mitosis and meiosis. 3. Which of the following is not a distinct feature of meiosis? 1. Pairing and exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes 2. Attachment of sister kinetochores to spindle microtubules 3. Movement of sister chromatids to the same pole 4. Suppression of DNA replication 4. Which phase of meiosis I is most similar to the comparable phase in mitosis? 1. Prophase I 2. Metaphase I 3. Anaphase I 4. Telophase I 5. Structurally, meiotic cohesins have different components than mitotic cohesins. This leads to the following functional difference: 1. During metaphase I, the sister kinetochores become attached to the same pole. 2. Centromeres remain attached during anaphase I of meiosis. 3. Centromeres remain attached through both divisions. 4. Centromeric cohesins are destroyed at anaphase I, and cohesins along the arms are destroyed at anaphase II.

6. Mutations that affect DNA repair often also affect the accuracy of meiosis. This is because 1. the proteins involved in the repair of double-strand breaks are also involved in crossing over. 2. the proteins involved in DNA repair are also involved in sister chromatid cohesion. 3. DNA repair only occurs on condensed chromosomes such as those found in meiosis. 4. cohesin proteins are also necessary for DNA repair.