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Inspec Accession No.: 12254813 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 2011-041 MIN: DD77-B1001-A000 Title: Insulation coordination associated with distributed generation connected at distribution level Author(s): Moghavvemi, M.1 (mahmoud@um.edu.my); Chiang, C. Y.1 Affiliation(s): 1. University of Malaya, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Journal: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.33, no.4, p.1077-91 Publication Date: May 2011 Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd. , UK ISSN: 0142-0615 (print) JIN: DD77 CODEN: IEPSDC DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.027 Language: English Abstract: Insulation coordination is defined as the selection of dielectric strength of equipment, taking into account the over-voltages that could appear in the utility system and with the presence of protective devices. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) over-voltages are regarded as disturbances due to lightning surges and switching surges that result in the disruption and possible damage to equipments. The principal subject of this paper is to perform insulation coordination on the distributed generation (DG) by using methods of modeling lightning surges and switching surges. PSCAD/EMTDC is the main software used for the modeling and simulations. [All rights reserved Elsevier]. (35 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: distributed power generation; insulation co-ordination; overvoltage protection; surges; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; distributed generation; distribution level; dielectric strength; utility system; protective devices; electromagnetic transient overvoltage; EMT overvoltage; lightning surges; DG; PSCAD-EMTDC Classification: B8140C Protection apparatus; B2830 Insulation and insulating coatings; B8120K Distributed power generation IPC: H01B3/00 ; H01B17/00 ; H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02H1/00 ; H02H3/20 ; H02H9/04 Inspec Accession No.: 11764478 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 2011-005 MIN: YXB1-00076-A014 Title: Demonstration And Implementation Of Technical Scheme For Ningdong-Shandong 660 KV DC Power Transmission Project Author(s): Weibing Wen1; Hao Chang2; Weiyang Yin2; Jichao Fan2; Jing Zeng3; Yun Zhang2 Affiliation(s): 1. State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing, China; 2. State Grid DC Engineering Construction Company, Beijing, China; 3. Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute, Wuhan, China Conference: 9th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2010) , London, UK, 19-21 Oct. 2010 Publication: 9th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2010) Publisher: IET, UK, 2010 Pages: 5 pp. Language: English Abstract: Ningdong-Shandong 660 kV DC Power Transmission Demonstration Project is the first 660 kV DC transmission project built around the world. It is also the symbolic project at this voltage level and one of the major West-East Power Transmission projects built in China. This paper demonstrates the selection of transmission capacity, converter configuration and DC line conductors of the 660 kV DC system, discusses the project characteristics, performance requirements, main circuit arrangement, insulation coordination, main equipment parameters and converter station arrangement scheme of Ningdong-Shandong 660 kV DC Project. Also, it describes the demonstration of 660 kV DC voltage level and the equipment localization as well as the implementation priorities of the technical scheme for the project. (9 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: conductors (electric); DC power transmission; insulation co-ordination; power convertors; Uncontrolled indexing: Ningdong-Shandong DC power transmission demonstration project; West-East power transmission project; China; transmission capacity; converter configuration; DC line conductor; insulation coordination; voltage 660 kV Classification: B8120G d.c. transmission; B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8130 Power transmission lines and cables; B8140 Power system protection IPC: H01B9/00 Numerical data indexing: voltage 6.6E+05 Inspec Accession No.: 11748986 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 2011-005 MIN: DD77-B0003-A014 Title: Application of the insulator coordination gap models and effect of line design to backflashover studies Author(s): Ab Kadir, M Z A1 (mzainal@eng.upm.edu.my); Cotton, I2 Affiliation(s): 1. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Serdang, Malaysia; 2. University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, UK Journal: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.32, no.5, p.443-9
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Publication Date: June 2010 Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd. , UK ISSN: 0142-0615 (print) JIN: DD77 CODEN: IEPSDC DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.09.020 Language: English Abstract: Any insulation coordination study must accurately (or as accurately as possible) express the type and magnitude of all overvoltages on the power system. If these overvoltages are higher than the rating of the equipment, they will result in damage to that equipment. This paper presents the application of the insulator coordination gap models and the effect of line design to the line performance in terms of backflashover rate. The models which are ranging from as simple as voltage controlled switch to as detail as leader progression model will carefully be evaluated. Sensitivity analyses on the effect of line designs such as variation in footing resistance, height of tower/conductor, tower surge impedance and soil resistivity will also be carried out in determining the backflashover rate and the probability of transformer damage by comparing the maximum voltage recorded at the substation entrance with the basic lightning insulation level (BIL). Results will then be compared in finding which model makes the analysis more or less sensitive to any design parameter. [All rights reserved Elsevier]. (17 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: flashover; insulation co-ordination; insulators; lightning protection; overvoltage; sensitivity analysis; substation insulation; voltage control; Uncontrolled indexing: insulator coordination gap model; line design; backflashover study; voltage controlled switch; leader progression model; sensitivity analysis; footing resistance variation; tower surge impedance; soil resistivity; tower-conductor height; transformer damage probability; substation entrance; basic lightning insulation level; BIL; power system overvoltages Classification: B8140 Power system protection; B8375 Substations; B8130H Power line supports, insulators and connectors IPC: H02B ; H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 11211796 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 2010-015 MIN: BP35-B0003-A001 Title: Overvoltage attenuation in power cable lines - a simplified estimation method Author(s): Marzinotto, M1 (maxmarzinotto@ieee.org); Mazzetti, C1 (carlo.mazzetti@uniroma1.it) Affiliation(s): 1. Sapienza University of Roma, Electrical Engineering Department, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy Journal: Electric Power Systems Research, vol.80, no.5, p.506-13 Publication Date: May 2010 Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia S.A. , Switzerland ISSN: 0378-7796 (print) JIN: BP35 CODEN: EPSRDN DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2009.10.027 Language: English Abstract: Cable lines impart attenuation and distortion to overvoltages coming from overhead lines. In particular the attenuation is an important factor for the insulation coordination of a cable line and consequently for its reliability. The evaluation of such attenuation needs the utilization of numerical programs and their utilization, although it becomes an obliged step, is not an easy task without a specific skill. In this paper a simplified method is proposed which is based on the results of a specific numerical program, in order to evaluate the overvoltage attenuation introduced from cable lines for both the conductor screen (insulation stress) and screen to ground (jacket stress) modes of propagation. Although such method introduces some approximation, it is a useful tool in order to have both a first and conservative evaluation of the overvoltage stressing the cable line insulation when the impinging overvoltage to the cable line is known. [All rights reserved Elsevier]. (50 refs.) Treatment: Practical; Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: estimation theory; overvoltage protection; power cables; Uncontrolled indexing: overvoltage attenuation; power cable lines; simplified estimation method; insulation stress; jacket stress Classification: B8130B Power cables; B0240Z Other topics in statistics; B8140 Power system protection IPC: H01B9/00 ; H02H3/20 Inspec Accession No.: 11243804 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 2010-017 MIN: DV91-B0002-A009 Title: Effect of non-uniform pollution on the withstand characteristics of extra high voltage (EHV) suspension ceramic insulator string Author(s): Sima, W1; Yuan, T1; Yang, Q1 (cquyangqing@hotmail.com); Xu, K1; Sun, C1 Affiliation(s): 1. Chongqing University, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China Journal: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol.4, no.3, p.445-55 Publication Date: March 2010
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Publisher: IET , UK ISSN: 1751-8687 (print) JIN: DV91 CODEN: IGTDAW DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0387 Language: English Abstract: Pollution flashover of line insulators may cause regional accidents. Research on the effect of non-uniform pollution on the electrical performance of insulators is important for the outdoor insulation coordination. A study on the effect of the non-uniform pollution distribution on the withstand characteristics of an insulator string with 14-unit standard XP-70 ceramic insulators for 220 kV transmission lines is presented. Test results show that ESDD, N and T/B have their own effects on the withstand voltage of polluted insulator string. And their effects are independent from each other. The withstand voltage of the insulator string increases with the decrease of T/B. By regressing the test results, the relationship between the withstand voltage of 14-unit XP-70 insulator and ESDD, N as well as T/B is obtained, which can be used in the outdoor insulation coordination of transmission lines. Moreover, the mechanism of the effect of non-uniform pollution distribution on the withstand voltage is analysed. The non-uniform pollution distribution along the insulator surface causes the decrease of the equivalent surface conductivity and the difference of the hydroscopicity between the top and the bottom surfaces, which results in the increase of the withstand voltage and the decrease of the mean root-mean-square value of leakage current. (18 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: ceramic insulators; insulation co-ordination; power transmission lines; Uncontrolled indexing: extra high voltage suspension ceramic insulator string; pollution flashover; line insulators; outdoor insulation coordination; XP-70 ceramic insulators; surface conductivity; hydroscopicity; mean root-mean-square value; leakage current; voltage 220 kV Classification: B8130H Power line supports, insulators and connectors; B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8140 Power system protection Numerical data indexing: voltage 2.2E+05 Inspec Accession No.: 10817168 Update: 2009-034 Title: The future substation - reflection about design Document Type: Conference paper MIN: YXA9-01379-A316

Author(s): Brandstrom, Fredrik1 (fredrik.brandstrom@vattenfall.com); Lord, Willy1 (willy.lord@vattenfall.com) Affiliation(s): 1. Vattenfall Power Consultants, Sweden Conference: 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009) , Prague, Czech Republic, 8-11 June 2009 Publication: 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009) Publisher: IET, UK, 2009 Pages: 0517 (3 pp.) Language: English Abstract: In order to establish a base for the Vattenfall Group R&D- activities within the substation area a study with the aim to create a vision of the future regional substation has been conducted. A great number of group specialists from different countries have been involved in the innovative work to ensure that the design fulfil future requirements from customers, authorities and owner. Substations using power electronics has in long-term been found most suitable to meet relevant demands. Solid-state equipment is foreseen for most applications, such as transforming, converting, rectifying, voltage regulation, balancing and breaking. The work has also resulted in identification of short-term development, including advanced insulation co-ordination and suggestions for switchgear configurations. (3 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: power electronics; substations; switchgear; Uncontrolled indexing: Vattenfall Group R&D-activity; regional substation; power electronics; solid-state equipment; insulation coordination; switchgear configurations Classification: B8375 Substations; B8360 Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus; B8370 Switchgear IPC: H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02B ; H02M Inspec Accession No.: 11422829 Update: 2010-031 Title: System Aspects of 1100 kV AC Transmission Technologies in Japan Document Type: Journal paper MIN: DV24-B0001-A031

Author(s): Zaima, Eiichi1 (zaima.eiichi@tepco.co.jp) Affiliation(s): 1. Tokyo Electric Power Company, 1-3, Uchisaiwai-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan Journal: IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol.4, no.1, p.62-6 Publication Date: Jan. 2009 Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc. , USA ISSN: 1931-4973 (print) JIN: DV24
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DOI: 10.1002/tee.20374 Language: English Abstract: This paper describes the system aspects of 1100 kV AC transmission technologies with the UHV transmission project in Japan. For realization of technical and economical optimization throughout the design of the transmission line and the substation, solutions for network problems and insulation coordination specific to UHV AC transmission systems were studied in Japan. They include fast multiphase reclosing systems by HSGS (High Speed Grounding Switch) and overvoltage control by the application of surge arresters and circuit breakers with closing/opening resistors. These sophisticated technologies provide highly reliable and economical 1100 kV substations and transmission lines. Copyright 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (14 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: arresters; circuit breakers; earthing; high-voltage techniques; overvoltage protection; power transmission lines; substations; Uncontrolled indexing: Japan; economical optimization; technical optimization; transmission line; substation; UHV AC transmission system; high speed grounding switch; overvoltage control; surge arrester; circuit breaker; voltage 1100 kV Classification: B8130 Power transmission lines and cables; B8140C Protection apparatus IPC: H01B9/00 ; H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02H1/00 ; H02H3/20 Numerical data indexing: voltage 1.1E+06 Inspec Accession No.: 10399752 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 2009-005 MIN: YXA9-00162-A007 Title: Insulation co-ordination for AC transmission and distribution systems Author(s): Irwin, T Conference: 15th IET International School on High Voltage Engineering & Testing 2008 , London, UK, 6-11 July 2008 Publication: 15th IET International School on High Voltage Engineering & Testing 2008 Publisher: IET, UK, 2008 Pages: 271-2 Language: English Abstract: The presentation starts with an overview of high voltage test procedures and voltage-time characteristics for insulation systems. The generation of system overvoltages by the operation of high voltage networks is also discussed along with overvoltage control methods to reduce the risk of insulation failure. Finally, an overview of lightning strikes to transmission systems is given along with surge propagation and control of lightning induced overvoltages. (0 refs.) Treatment: General; Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; insulation testing; lightning protection; power transmission protection; surge protection; transmission lines; transmission networks; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; AC transmission; AC distribution systems; high voltage test procedures; voltagetime characteristics; insulation failure; lightning strikes; surge propagation; surge control Classification: B8140 Power system protection; B8130H Power line supports, insulators and connectors; B8120E a.c. transmission IPC: G01R31/12 ; H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 9512478 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 2007-027 MIN: J357-A7002-A031 Title: Study on overvoltage protection and insulation coordination for 800 kV HVDC transmission system Author(s): Zhou Peihong1; Xiu Muhong1; Gu Dingxie1; Dai Min1; Lou Ying1 Affiliation(s): 1. Wuhan High Voltage Res. Inst. of SGCC, China Journal: High Voltage Engineering, vol.32, no.12, p.125-32 Publication Date: Dec. 2006 Publisher: Editorial Board of High Voltage Eng. , China ISSN: 1003-6520 (print) JIN: J357 CODEN: GAJIE5 SICI: 1003-6520(200612)32:12L.125:SOPI;1-4 Language: English Abstract: This paper presents the simulation research calculation results on power frequency overvoltage at AC side, switching and lightning overvoltage at both AC and DC side as well as switching and lightning overvoltage of DC transmission line and 800 kV HVDC converter station. The simulation calculation is based on Xiangjiaba-Nanhui HVDC transmission project. The difference of DC overvoltage and insulation coordination between 800 kV and 500 kV HVDC transmission system is analyzed. The arrangement scheme of arresters, selection methods and principle of parameters for 800 kV HVDC converter station are presented. The protection level, coordinating current and energy consumption of arresters as well as the setting value of the protection level at DC side and the coordination of delay time are given by calculation. This paper put forward insulation coordination margin coefficient, requirement on insulation level of main apparatus and the minimum air clearance required by switching and lightning overvoltage of 800kV HVDC transmission line. The optimization of overvoltage protection of DC system and determination of reasonable insulation level for converter station are the basis of design, manufacture and test of equipment at
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converter station. It is to ensure that the equipment at converter station will not be oversize and the manufacture cost and difficulty will not be too high due to selection of a too high insulation level. Besides, the failure rate, loss of blackout and maintenance cost will also not increase due to selection of a too low insulation level. (15 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: HVDC power convertors; HVDC power transmission; insulation co-ordination; overvoltage protection; power consumption; substations; Uncontrolled indexing: overvoltage protection; insulation co-ordination; switching-lightning overvoltage; Xiangjiaba-Nanhui HVDC transmission project; HVDC converter station; energy consumption; arresters; delay time; 800 kV Classification: B8120G d.c. transmission; B8140C Protection apparatus; B2830 Insulation and insulating coatings IPC: H01B3/00 ; H01B17/00 ; H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02H1/00 ; H02H3/20 Numerical data indexing: voltage 8.0E+05 Inspec Accession No.: 5788296 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1998-001 MIN: B311-97005-A007 Title: On the method of statistical coordination of HV equipment insulation at resonance overvoltages Author(s): Tikhodeyev, N. N. Journal: Applied Energy: Russian Journal of Fuel, Power and Heat Systems, vol.34, no.4, p.73-6 Publication Date: 1996 Publisher: Allerton Press, USA ISSN: 1068-7181 (print) Language: English Translation of: Energetika , vol.34, no.4, p.94-7 Publication Date: 1996 Abstract: Compared with lightning and commutation overvoltages, resonance overvoltages in electrical grids are characterized by lower ratio but by far greater duration. Therefore, to coordinate insulation at resonance overvoltages, reliable experimental data must be available for the volt-ampere characteristics of line, external and internal equipment insulation. In this paper, a method to coordinate insulation is proposed for this case. (3 refs.) Treatment: Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; overvoltage; power apparatus; power systems; resonance; Uncontrolled indexing: statistical coordination; HV equipment insulation; insulation coordination; resonance overvoltages; electrical grids; volt-ampere characteristics; internal equipment insulation; external equipment insulation Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8300 Power apparatus and electric machines Inspec Accession No.: 5830537 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1998-007 MIN: B374-98002-A005 Title: Coordination of the insulation of superhigh-voltage converter transformers Author(s): Lokhanin, A. K. Journal: Russian Electrical Engineering, vol.67, no.8, p.34-6 Publication Date: 1996 Publisher: Allerton Press, USA ISSN: 1068-3712 (print) Language: English Translation of: Elektrotekhnika , no.8, p.29-31 Publication Date: 1996 Abstract: The electric strength of insulation for DC power-transmission equipment depends on the conductivity fields and, hence, on factors such as the temperature, humidity, level and type of pollution, electric field strength, and duration of voltage application. In addition, for DC transmission equipment, fundamentally new electrical factors associated with the position of the electrostatic and conduction fields must be considered. For superhigh-voltage DC power transformers in Russia, oil-barrier insulation is mainly used. The electrical strength of oil-barrier insulation is largely determined by the voltage distribution between the oil and the solid insulation. For direct current, depending on the ratio of resistivities of the cardboard and oil, the strength of the insulation may be determined by the load of the oil or that of the cardboard. The voltage distribution between the oil and the solid insulation under the action of a DC voltage may be found by calculation or by direct measurement, for example, using probes. (2 refs.) Treatment: Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: DC transformers; electric fields; electric strength; HVDC power convertors; HVDC power transmission; insulation co-ordination; power transformer insulation; transformer oil; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; superhigh-voltage converter transformers; DC power-transmission equipment; electric strength; conductivity fields; temperature; humidity; pollution; electric field strength; voltage application duration; conduction fields; electrostatic fields; Russia; oil-barrier insulation; solid insulation; cardboard; DC voltage influence Classification: B8350 Transformers and reactors; B8120G d.c. transmission; B8360 Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus; B2830C Organic insulation IPC: H01B3/18 ; H01F27/00 ; H02M
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Inspec Accession No.: 5027053 Update: 1995-032 Title: Insulation co-ordination under polluted conditions

Document Type: Conference paper MIN: XX94-00795-B001

Author(s): Ali, S. M. G.1; Ryan, H. M. Affiliation(s): 1. Merz & McLellan, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Conference: Proceedings of 7th BEAMA International Electrical Insulation Conference , Brighton, UK, 23-26 May 1994 Publication: 7th INSUCON 1994 BEAMA International Electrical Insulation Conference Publisher: Electric. Electron. Insulation Assoc., UK, 1994 Pages: 153-9 Language: English Abstract: This paper reviews current insulation coordination practices as recommended in relevant IEC documentation (e.g. IEC 71 and 815) and gives particular emphasis on the impact of pollution problems to the effective insulation co-ordination of EHV transmission equipment (switchgear). The authors identify specific areas of concern and illustrate by case studies. (11 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; standards; switchgear; switchgear insulation; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation co-ordination; polluted conditions; IEC 71; IEC 815; EHV transmission equipment; switchgear Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8370 Switchgear IPC: H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02B Inspec Accession No.: 12083896 Document Type: Book chapter Update: 2011-028 MIN: YBB1-00343-A004 Title: Statistical evaluation of standardised test methods Book title: Statistical techniques for High-Voltage Engineering Pages: 189-208 (of xii+310 ) Publisher: IET, Stevenage, UK Publication date: 1992 ISBN: 978-0-86341-205-9 DOI: 10.1049/PBPO013E_ch4 Language: English Abstract: The insulating capacity of an insulation system is guaranteed provided no breakdown-producing discharge processes occur in it. When considering actual technical situations, the insulating capacity has to be described by appropriately selected voltages. The characteristic voltage for the insulating capacity of an insulation arrangement - the so-called withstand voltage - is assigned to the event 'non-breakdown' (highest voltage at which 'non breakdown' is still observed), but it has to be derived from the complemen tary event 'breakdown' since only this event is capable of being measured. This is carried out using the statistical withstand voltage. This is a quantile of order p of the breakdown voltage. Insulation arrangements employed at the same insulation level on a system need to have co-ordinated rated withstand voltages. The rated withstand voltages are agreed (standardised) voltage values which the insula tion is capable of withstanding in a standardised test method. Such test methods are used worldwide as type tests and routine tests on insulation. They are inherently only meaningful when considered from a statistical standpoint. We shall now try to establish concisely a relationship between what has been stated in relation to the variate 'breakdown voltage and the standardised test methods, as well as in relation to insulation co-ordination. (0 refs.) Treatment: Practical; Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: discharges (electric); electric breakdown; insulation co-ordination; statistical analysis; Uncontrolled indexing: statistical evaluation; standardised test method; insulating capacity; breakdown-producing discharge process; breakdown voltage; insulation coordination; characteristic voltage; insulation arrangement; withstand voltage Classification: B2830 Insulation and insulating coatings; B8140 Power system protection; B2810D Dielectric breakdown and discharges; B0240Z Other topics in statistics IPC: H01B3/00 ; H01B17/00 Inspec Accession No.: 3993478 Update: 1991-022 Title: Substation voltage uprating: design and experience Author(s): Elahi, H.1; Panek, J.1; Stewart, J. R.; Puente, H. R. Affiliation(s): 1. GE Ind. & Power Syst., Schenectady, NY, USA Journal: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.6, no.3, p.1049-57 Publication Date: July 1991 ISSN: 0885-8977 (print) JIN: J605 CODEN: ITPDE5 CCCC: 0885-8977/91/0700-1049$01.00 DOI: 10.1109/61.85847
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Language: English Abstract: Uprating of substations (i.e. conversion from a lower rated voltage to a higher rated voltage without complete rebuilding) can be accomplished through sound insulation coordination. The authors provide a step-by-step procedure for insulation design of uprated substations, including two examples of recently uprated substations by Public Service Company of Colorado (PSCC) and El Paso Electric Company (EPE). PSCC's substation is at 6000 ft elevation and it was uprated from 115 kV to 230 kV utilizing existing 550 kV BIL equipment. EPE's substation is adjacent to a steel plant with a high level of contamination and it was uprated from 69 kV to 115 kV utilizing existing 350 kV BIL equipment. The authors consolidate the experience of the above utilities and others to present an up-to-date summary of the substation uprating activities in North America. (14 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; substations; Uncontrolled indexing: substation voltage uprating; insulation coordination; Public Service Company of Colorado; PSCC; El Paso Electric Company; EPE; North America; 115 kV; 230 kV; 550 kV; 69 kV; 350 kV Classification: B8375 Substations IPC: H02B Numerical data indexing: voltage 1.15E+05 ; voltage 5.5E+05 ; voltage 2.3E+05 ; voltage 6.9E+04 ; voltage 3.5E+05 Inspec Accession No.: 4038796 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 1992-002 MIN: XX91-00181-B007 Title: Substation lightning insulation coordination Author(s): Hedin, R. A. Conference: Southcon/91 , Atlanta, GA, USA, 26-28 March 1991 Sponsor(s): IEEE; ERA Publication: Southcon/91. Conference Record Publisher: Electron. Conventions Manage., USA, 1991 Pages: 231-9 Language: English Abstract: Presents fundamental concepts and discusses the procedure required to properly evaluate the protection of substation equipment from incoming surges originating from lightning. Topics include the source of the surge, the effect of the length of line, the importance of arrestor location relative to equipment requiring protection and other means of improving protection. Results from a detailed study reported in a prior IEEE technical paper are discussed. (1 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: lightning protection; substations; surge protection; Uncontrolled indexing: lightning insulation coordination; substation equipment; incoming surges; lightning; arrestor location Classification: B8375 Substations; B8140 Power system protection IPC: H02B ; H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 2466738 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1985-014 MIN: E115-85001-A004 Title: Application guide for insulation coordination and arrester protection of HVDC convertor stations Author(s): Ekstrom, A.; Thanawala, H. L.; Povh, D.; Guimaraes, E. B.; Sadek, K.; Breuer, G. D.; Harrison, R. E.; Csuros, L. Journal: Electra, no.96, p.101-56 Publication Date: Oct. 1984 ISSN: 0424-7701 (print) JIN: E115 CODEN: ECTRB3 Language: French English Abstract: The guide is primarily applicable to a convertor station consisting of one of two convertor station poles with one or two twelve-pulse convertor units per pole and with this station connected to an overhead or cable d.c. line. The guide may also be used for other convertor stations, e.g. for HVDC coupling stations (back-to-back stations) or convertor stations with only one six-pulse convertor pole. The application guide mainly deals with air insulated convertor stations protected by gapless ZnO arresters although the principles may be extended to gas-insulated stations or stations protected by other types of arresters. Guidance is given regarding suitable methods and tools to be used for the determination of overvoltages and arrester stresses. The decisive events and causes of overvoltages in the station are given as well as the stresses in the arresters on the AC-side and DC-side. Assumptions of importance for the determination of overvoltages and stresses are given. (133 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: overvoltage protection; power convertors; rectifier substations; surge protection; Uncontrolled indexing: rectifier substations; surge protection; overvoltage protection; insulation coordination; arrester protection; HVDC convertor stations; air insulated convertor stations; gapless ZnO arresters; gas-insulated stations; arrester stresses Classification: B8140 Power system protection; B8360 Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus; B8375 Substations IPC: H02B ; H02H3/20 ; H02M

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Inspec Accession No.: 2243455 Update: 1984-006 Title: Overvoltage protection in high voltage switchgear installations

Document Type: Journal paper MIN: S246-84002-A009

Author(s): Geisswinkler, G.1; Kuhne, W.; Reichelt, K. Affiliation(s): 1. Power Generation & Distribution Div., Siemens AG, Erlangen, West Germany Journal: Siemens Power Engineering, vol.6, no.1, p.46-9 Publication Date: Jan.-Feb. 1984 ISSN: 0170-950X (print) JIN: S246 CODEN: SPOEDG Language: English Abstract: Surge arresters guarantee safe and economic transmission of electric power. Next to conventional arresters, metal oxide arresters with no spark gap are gaining increasing importance as a means of effective insulation coordination. The authors outline the differences in construction, protection capacity and operating behaviour. (5 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; overvoltage protection; surge protection; switchgear protection; Uncontrolled indexing: surge arresters; overvoltage protection; high voltage; switchgear installations; metal oxide arresters; insulation coordination; construction; protection capacity; operating behaviour Classification: B8140C Protection apparatus; B8370 Switchgear IPC: H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02B ; H02H1/00 ; H02H3/20 Inspec Accession No.: 2259516 Update: 1984-007 Title: Insulation coordination of the 400 kV system Document Type: Journal paper MIN: E134-84004-A001

Author(s): Kumar, I.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi, India Journal: Electrical India, vol.23, no.20, p.5-18 Publication Date: 31 Oct. 1983 ISSN: 0013-435X (print) JIN: E134 CODEN: EIDAAF Language: English Abstract: Describes the insulation coordination for the expansion of the Indian 400 kV power transmission network in terms of safety and protection to provide continuity of service to consumers. The insulation characteristics are outlined and the effects of overvoltages discussed. The overhead line and cable protection apparatus including lightning arrestors, sphere gaps and zone protection are described. Also, the phase to phase, phase to earth and longitudinal insulation levels are outlined and protection of auxiliary apparatus discussed. (4 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: cable insulation; insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; overvoltage protection; power overhead lines; safety; transmission networks; Uncontrolled indexing: phase to phase insulation; phase to earth insulation; insulation; Indian 400 kV power transmission network; overvoltages; overhead line; cable protection apparatus; lightning arrestors; sphere gaps; zone protection; longitudinal insulation levels; auxiliary apparatus Classification: B8130F Overhead power lines; B8140 Power system protection; B8140C Protection apparatus IPC: H01B9/00 ; H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02G13/00 ; H02H1/00 ; H02H3/20 Inspec Accession No.: 2225394 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 1984-005 MIN: XX83-01169-A007 Title: Practical insulation coordination in industrial power systems Author(s): Eriksson, A. J.; Pretorius, R. E. Conference: SAIEE Industrial Power System Disturbances Symposium , Pretoria, South Africa, 22-23 Sept. 1983 Sponsor(s): SAIEE Publication: SAIEE Industrial Power System Disturbances Symposium Proceedings Publisher: South African Inst. Electr. Eng., South Africa, 1983 Pages: G/1-9 Language: English Abstract: The paper emphasises the need for greater attention to several aspects of insulation coordination in industrial power systems-in order to achieve an effective balance between the system insulation withstand capabilities and the range of system disturbances encountered in practical service experience. Examples of various problem situations are presented which illustrate several types of internal system overvoltages and the implications of inadequate insulation coordination, together with practical
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remedial measures. The paper recommends more attention at the design stage to system specification-including insulation and partial discharge withstand levels-and also highlights the need for adequate understanding of overvoltage disturbance characteristics and surge suppression principles. (4 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; overvoltage; partial discharges; power systems; surge protection; Uncontrolled indexing: industrial power systems; insulation coordination; internal system overvoltages; partial discharge withstand levels; overvoltage disturbance characteristics; surge suppression principles Classification: B8110B Power system management, operation and economics; B8140 Power system protection Inspec Accession No.: 1970651 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 1983-001 MIN: XX81-01538-B004 Title: Parameters influencing the switching surge strength of transmission line air insulation Author(s): Kromer, I. L.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Inst. for Electrical Power Res., Budapest, Hungary Editor(s): Christophorou, L. G. Conference: Gaseous Dielectrics III. Third International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics , Knoxville, TN, USA, 7-11 March 1982 Sponsor(s): Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; U.S. Dept. Energy Publication: Gaseous Dielectrics III. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics Publisher: Pergamon, USA, 1982 ISBN: 0-08-029381-6 Pages: 229-36 Language: English Abstract: Summarizes the results of a research program on the switching surge performance of phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase transmission line insulation, carried out in the last few years (to 1981). The main purpose is to link the already available data in order to get a general description of the discharge parameters influencing the insulation strength. The effects of several variables, such as stress parameters and gap geometry, are investigated. Special attention is paid to parameters affecting the leader development. The implications of these results for predicting the breakdown characteristics enable a better insight into the possibilities of air insulation. (5 refs.) Treatment: Experimental Controlled indexing: air; electric breakdown of gases; gaseous insulation; insulation co-ordination; power overhead lines; Uncontrolled indexing: research program results; impulse breakdown; insulation coordination; parameters influencing surge strength; overhead power lines; switching surge strength; transmission line air insulation; phase-to-phase transmission line insulation; discharge parameters; stress parameters; gap geometry; leader development; breakdown characteristics Classification: B2810D Dielectric breakdown and discharges; B2810E Gaseous insulation, breakdown and discharges; B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8130F Overhead power lines IPC: H01B9/00 Inspec Accession No.: 89244 Update: 1970-001 Title: 765 kV station insulation coordination Document Type: Conference paper MIN: XX69-00326-A007

Author(s): Phelps, J. D. M.1; Pugh, P. S.1; Beehlev, J. E.1 Affiliation(s): 1. American Electric Power Service Corp. Canton, OH, USA Conference: American electric power 765-kv system , New York, NY, USA, 28-29 Jan. 1969 Sponsor(s): IEEE Power Group Publication: Technical papers on the American electric power 765-kv system Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA, 1969 Pages: 75-80 Language: English Abstract: Describes the specially designed arresters which are used in the AEP 765 kV station insulation coordination as a first line of defense against overvoltage. The arresters have the ability to withstand sustained and dynamic overvoltages in excess of their rating. They also have the ability to discharge respectively Use of these arresters permitted 1800 kV BIL ratings for transformers reactors, and circuit breakers. A performance criterion for bus flashover is established in terms of probability. New methods used to test station insulator withstand and contamination performance, are also discussed. Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; overvoltage protection; substations; switchgear protection; Classification: B8140 Power system protection; B8370 Switchgear; B8375 Substations IPC: H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02B ; H02G13/00 ; H02H3/20 Inspec Accession No.: 102789 Update: 1970-002 Title: 765-kV station design
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Author(s): Scherer, H. N.; Schwalbe, C. A.; Meyer, R. H.; Dibella, J. A. Journal: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.PAS-88, no.9, p.1372-6 Publication Date: Sept. 1969 ISSN: 0018-9510 (print) JIN: I087 CODEN: IEPSA9 Language: English Abstract: The engineering and design features of the 765-kV substations that will be placed in service in early 1969 on the American Electric Power system are discussed. The electrical and physical details of the stations are reviewed in detail, and major factors in equipment selection are discussed. An analysis of this paper plus the companion papers on 765-kV station insulation coordination and relaying will yield a reasonably complete understanding of the engineering and design thinking which is part of the station design. Controlled indexing: power systems; transformer substations; Classification: B8350 Transformers and reactors; B8375 Substations IPC: H01F27/00 ; H02B Inspec Accession No.: 102790 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1970-002 MIN: I087-69009-A008 Title: 765-kV station insulation coordination Author(s): Phelps, J. D. M.; Pugh, P. S.; Beehler, J. E. Journal: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.PAS-88, no.9, p.1377-82 Publication Date: Sept. 1969 ISSN: 0018-9510 (print) JIN: I087 CODEN: IEPSA9 Language: English Abstract: Specially designed arresters are used in the American Electric Power 765-kV station insulation coordination as a first line of defence against overvoltage. The arresters have the ability to withstand sustained and dynamic overvoltages in excess of their rating. They also have the ability to discharge respectively. Use of these arresters permitted 1800-kV BIL ratings for transformers, reactors, and circuit breakers. A performance criterion for bus flash-over was established in terms of probability. New methods were used to test station insulator withstand and contamination performance. Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; transformer substations; Classification: B8350 Transformers and reactors; B8375 Substations IPC: H01F27/00 ; H02B ; H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 102854 Update: 1970-002 Title: 765 kV station designs Document Type: Conference paper MIN: XX69-00326-A008

Author(s): Scherer, H. N.1; Schwalbe, C. A.1; Meyer, R. H.1; DiBella, J. A.1 Affiliation(s): 1. American Electric Power Service Corp., NY, USA Conference: American electric power 765-kv system , New York, NY, USA, 28-29 Jan. 1969 Sponsor(s): IEEE Power Group Publication: Technical papers on the American electric power 765-kv system Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA, 1969 Pages: 81-90 Language: English Abstract: This paper covers the engineering and design features of the 765 kV sub-stations that will be placed in service in early 1969 on the American Electric Power Company system. The electrical and physical details of the stations are reviewed in detail and major factors in equipment selection are discussed. An analysis of this paper plus the companion papers on 765 kV station insulation coordination and relaying (7,8) will yield a reasonably complete understanding of the engineering and design thinking which is part of the station designs. Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; substations; switchgear protection; Classification: B8370 Switchgear; B8375 Substations IPC: H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02B Inspec Accession No.: 238276 Update: 1971-004 Title: Insulation co-ordination of high voltage equipment Author(s): Cliff, J. S. Journal: Electrical Review, vol.187, no.25, p.880-2
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Publication Date: 18-25 Dec. 1970 ISSN: 0013-4384 (print) JIN: E004 CODEN: ELREAG Language: English Abstract: Some notes are presented on the draft revision of IEC Publication 71, which has recently been circulated to National Committees of IEC. Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; power apparatus; Uncontrolled indexing: HV insulation coordination; IEC publication 71 Classification: B8300 Power apparatus and electric machines Inspec Accession No.: 274363 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1971-006 MIN: D028-71002-A001 Title: HVDC: Insulation coordination. I. Generation of overvoltages Author(s): Uhlmann, E.; Flisberg, G. Journal: Direct Current (New Series), vol.2, no.1, p.8-14 Publication Date: Feb. 1971 ISSN: 0419-1803 (print) JIN: D028 CODEN: DICUAP Language: English Abstract: Overvoltage waves coming from the a.c. or the d.c. side of the converter station have to pass through inductances (converter transformer or d.c. reactor) before they approach the d.c. part of the plant and are thereby deformed to waves of switching surge type. Impulse stresses inside this d.c. part appear due to events originated there such as earth fault, maloperation of valves, d.c. current extinction or surge diverter sparkover. Thereby, equipment connected between conductors (valves, damping circuits, etc.) demands special attention as the potential changes on both conductors can vary differently in time. Events generating overvoltage stresses are listed in a table with their main characteristics at the location of their generation and the class of their probability in accordance with a proposed classification system. Treatment: Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: DC power transmission; earthing; high-voltage engineering; insulation co-ordination; overvoltage; surges; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; HVDC; overvoltage stresses generation; overvoltage waves; convertor station; convertor transforms; inductive reactors; waves deformation; switching surge type waves; impulse stresses; earth faults; valves maloperation; direct current extinction; surge diverter sparkover; damping circuits Classification: B8120G d.c. transmission; B8130H Power line supports, insulators and connectors Inspec Accession No.: 332293 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1972-001 MIN: I087-71006-A049 Title: Coordination of external insulation for EHV transformers. IEEE committee report Journal: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.PAS-90, no.5, p.2321-9 Publication Date: Sept.-Oct. 1971 ISSN: 0018-9510 (print) JIN: I087 CODEN: IEPSA9 Language: English Abstract: This is a progress report on the Guide for EHV Transformer External Insulation Coordination concepts and test requirements for units rated 345 kV and above when applied on effectively grounded systems. The publication of this report for study and general information was requested by the Transformers Committee of IEEE. Treatment: General Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; insulation testing; transformer insulation; Uncontrolled indexing: transformers; UHV; external insulation coordination; earthed networks; test requirements Classification: B8350 Transformers and reactors IPC: G01R31/12 ; H01F27/00 Inspec Accession No.: 343120 Document Type: Conference paper in journal Update: 1972-002 MIN: A031-71009-A007 Title: New trends in insulation co-ordination-application of new IEC specification Author(s): Paris, L.

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Conference: ASEA power symposium 1971-EHV and UHV transmission , Vasteras and Ludvika, Sweden, 22-24 June 1971 Sponsor(s): ASEA Journal: ASEA Journal, vol.44, no.5, p.147-54 Publication Date: 1971 ISSN: 0001-2459 (print) JIN: A031 CODEN: ASEJA5 Language: English Abstract: The principal characteristics of insulation co-ordination are defined. A comparison is made between conventional and statistical methods. In the latter method overvoltages and insulation withstand strength are defined in terms of random quantities. The simplified statistical co-ordination is described and the procedure recommended by IEC to be used for co-ordinating the insulation of e.h.v. and u.h.v. systems outlined. The choice of insulation levels and the question of insulation tests are discussed. Treatment: General; New Controlled indexing: high-voltage engineering; insulation co-ordination; insulation testing; statistics; Uncontrolled indexing: statistical methods; random quantities; choice of insulation levels; insulation tests; operating voltage; insulation coordination; UHV system; EHV system; high voltage engineering; dielectric stresses; overvoltage Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout IPC: G01R31/12 Inspec Accession No.: 383633 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 1972-005 MIN: XX72-00098-E008 Title: Hydro Quebec 735/765-kv system with particular reference to external insulation coordination at EHV and UHV Author(s): Archambault, J. J.1; McGillis, D. T.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Hydro Quebec, Montreal, Que., Canada Conference: American power conference , Chicago, IL, USA, 20-22 April 1971 Sponsor(s): Ill. Inst. Technol., American Soc. Mech. Engrs., American Nuclear Soc., <i>et</i> <i>al</i> Publication: Proceedings of the American power conference Publisher: Ill. Inst. Technol., USA, 1971 Pages: 1050-62 Language: English Abstract: At Hydro Quebec, 735-kV transmission has proven a very satisfactory choice of voltage level. Only moderate control of the switching surge is required to achieve a practical insulation level. The performance record has been excellent. The economic integration of Manicouagen and Churchill into the Hydro Quebec 735-kV network makes the possibility of even higher transmission voltages very attractive. For the development of future hydro sites, transmission at 1100 kV and 1500 kV are considered. (10 refs.) Treatment: General Controlled indexing: high-voltage engineering; insulation co-ordination; power transmission; Uncontrolled indexing: Hydro Quebec 735/765 KV system; power transmission; external insulation coordination; EHV; UHV; 1100 KV; 1500 KV Classification: B8120E a.c. transmission Inspec Accession No.: 383675 Update: 1972-005 Title: H.V.D.C.: insulation co-ordination. II. Distribution of overvoltages Document Type: Journal paper MIN: D039-72001-A003

Author(s): Uhlmann, E.1; Flisberg, G.1 Affiliation(s): 1. ASEA Ludvika, Sweden Journal: Direct Current and Power Electronics, vol.2, no.3, p.104-111 Publication Date: Sept. 1971 ISSN: 0374-485X (print) JIN: D039 CODEN: DCPEAY Language: English Abstract: In the first part of this series of articles about insulation co-ordination in HVDC systems the origin of the overvoltages and the mechanism of their generation were described. Lightning and switching surge propagation from the a.c. network and the d.c. line into the station are the main subject of this part. It is shown that the relative value of overvoltages stressing valves and other equipment connected between live parts of the convertor are increased with the number of series connected convertors. Theoretical calculations and digital computer simulation have been the basic means for the analysis. Treatment: Practical; Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: DC power transmission; insulation co-ordination; lightning; overvoltage; surges; voltage distribution; Uncontrolled indexing: HVDC systems; switching surge propagation; overvoltages; digital computer simulation; insulation coordination; lightning; AC network; DC line
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Classification: B8120G d.c. transmission; B8130H Power line supports, insulators and connectors Inspec Accession No.: 383701 journal Update: 1972-005 Title: Insulation coordination for EHV systems Document Type: Conference paper in MIN: I142-72002-A010

Author(s): Jain, L. C.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Central Water & Power Comm., New Delhi, India Conference: Seminar on high voltage techniques, overvoltages and insulation coordination , Bangalore, India, 17-18 Sept. 1971 Sponsor(s): Indian Standards Instn.; Instn. Engrs.; Indian Inst. Sci Journal: ISI Bulletin, vol.23, no.11, p.513-14 Publication Date: Nov. 1971 ISSN: 0019-0632 (print) JIN: I142 CODEN: ISTBA8 Language: English Abstract: The paper discusses sources of overvoltages and their control, gives an historical review of EHV systems insulation, and discusses line insulation, selection of lightning arrestors, transformer insulation level and switchgear insulation level. Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: high-voltage engineering; insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; overvoltage; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; EHV systems; overvoltages; line insulation; selection; lightning arresters; transformer insulation level; switchgear insulation level Classification: B8140 Power system protection IPC: H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 383702 journal Update: 1972-005 Title: Overvoltages and insulation coordination Document Type: Conference paper in MIN: I142-72002-A011

Author(s): Murthy, S. S.1; Khanna, R. L. Affiliation(s): 1. Southern Regional Electricity Board, Bangalore, India Conference: Seminar on high voltage techniques, overvoltages and insulation coordination , Bangalore, India, 17-18 Sept. 1971 Sponsor(s): Indian Standards Instn.; Instn. Engrs.; Indian Inst. Sci Journal: ISI Bulletin, vol.23, no.11, p.514-15 Publication Date: Nov. 1971 ISSN: 0019-0632 (print) JIN: I142 CODEN: ISTBA8 Language: English Abstract: The paper discusses lightning, switching and power frequency, overvoltages for EHV systems, and briefly discusses the choice of insulation level for transmission lines, protection against lightning, and insulation coordination. Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: high-voltage engineering; insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; overvoltage; Uncontrolled indexing: overvoltages; insulation coordination; lightning; switching; power frequency; EHV systems; insulation level; transmission lines; protection Classification: B8140 Power system protection IPC: H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 434195 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1972-008 MIN: E115-72004-A014 Title: Overvoltages and insulation co-ordination Author(s): Baatz, H. Journal: Electra, spec. issue., p.125-31 Publication Date: 1972 ISSN: 0424-7701 (print) JIN: E115 CODEN: ECTRB3 Language: French English Abstract: Describes the improvement of overvoltages and insulation co-ordination in high voltage transmission systems which Cigre organisation has contributed over the past fifty years.
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Treatment: General Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; overvoltage; power system protection; Uncontrolled indexing: overvoltages; insulation coordination; insulation dielectric strength; switching surges; lightning surges Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8140 Power system protection Inspec Accession No.: 507568 Update: 1973-004 Title: Analytical procedures for insulation co-ordination. I Document Type: Journal paper MIN: E048-73002-A003

Author(s): Darveniza, M.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia Journal: Electrical Engineer, vol.49, no.12, p.27-9 Publication Date: Dec. 1972 ISSN: 0013-4309 (print) JIN: E048 CODEN: ELEMA9 Language: English Abstract: Lightning protection of power system equipment involves four main areas: (a) the lightning performance of transmission lines shielded by overhead earthwires; (b) the lighting performance of unshielded lines; (c) the lightning protection of effectively shielded substations; (d) the lightning protection of exposed substations, e.g. distribution transformers. The analyses required for the design of a lightning protection scheme include the determination of the frequency and location of lightning strikes to lines and substations, the calculation of the resulting overvoltages at all critical insulation points, and the co-ordination of insulation levels and overvoltage protective devices. This paper reviews the commonly-used analytical procedures. (14 refs.) Treatment: General Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; power systems; reviews; Uncontrolled indexing: lightning protection; overvoltages; analytical procedures; insulation coordination Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8140 Power system protection IPC: H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 517715 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1973-005 MIN: E115-73002-A004 Title: Terminology concerning the study of insulation coordination from the probabilistic point of view Author(s): Paris, L. Journal: Electra, vol.26, p.43-52, 4-8, 60-70 Publication Date: Jan. 1973 ISSN: 0424-7701 (print) JIN: E115 CODEN: ECTRB3 Language: French English Abstract: Aim of the present report is (i) to give basic definitions of the random quantities, which characterise both electrical strength of the insulations and voltage stresses on the insulations themselves; (ii) to give relations between these quantities and the risk of failure. (0 refs.) Treatment: Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: electric strength; insulation co-ordination; probability; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; random quantities; electrical strength; voltage stresses; failure risks; probability Classification: B8130H Power line supports, insulators and connectors Inspec Accession No.: 517735 Update: 1973-005 Title: Analytical procedures for insulation co-ordination. II Author(s): Darveniza, M.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Univ. Queensland, Qld., Australia Journal: Electrical Engineer, vol.50, no.1, p.28-30 Publication Date: Jan. 1973 ISSN: 0013-4309 (print) JIN: E048 CODEN: ELEMA9 Language: English Abstract: For pt. I see ibid., vol. 49, no. 12, 27-9 (Dec 1972). (15 refs.) Treatment: General
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Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; power system protection; reviews; Uncontrolled indexing: analytical procedures; insulation coordination; lightning protection; power system protection Classification: B8140 Power system protection IPC: H02G13/00 Inspec Accession No.: 640004 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 1974-005 MIN: XX74-00104-C014 Title: Some aspects of overvoltages in HVDC long distance transmission Author(s): Senda, T.1; Yamaguchi, T.; Sawada, Y. Affiliation(s): 1. Electric Power Dev. Co., Tokyo, Japan Conference: International Conference on High Voltage DC and/or AC Power Transmission , London, UK, 19-23 Nov. 1973 Sponsor(s): IEE; IEEE Publication: International Conference on High Voltage DC and/or AC Power Transmission Publisher: IEE, UK, 1973 ISBN: 0-85296-115-4 Pages: 207-11 Language: English Abstract: It is well known that overvoltages of switching surge type are very important factors for insulation coordination particularly in the h.v.d.c. long distance transmission line. This type of overvoltage may cause a tremendously large stored energy in the system, and it is difficult to dissipate this energy. Japan consists of many islands, therefore a long distance transmission line in Japan may involve both a long distance cable line and a long distance overhead line together. In this paper, the investigation results on the typical overvoltages of long duration time in such a h.v.d.c. transmission are described. (3 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: DC power transmission; insulation co-ordination; overvoltage; Uncontrolled indexing: overvoltages; long distance transmission; switching surge type; insulation coordination; long duration time; HVDC Classification: B8120G d.c. transmission Inspec Accession No.: 699884 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1974-010 MIN: E115-74004-A001 Title: Insulation levels for HVDC terminals Author(s): Flisberg, G.; Uhlmann, E. Journal: Electra, no.34, p.43-61 Publication Date: May 1974 ISSN: 0424-7701 (print) JIN: E115 CODEN: ECTRB3 Language: French English Abstract: The insulation coordination of an HVDC converter terminal equipped with thyristor valves is described. Overvoltage limitation by using arresters capable of resealing against direct voltage implies reduced insulation levels. The influence on the insulation coordination for different main circuit lay-outs is discussed. The insulation levels for lightning and switching impulses are given for a terminal with two converter bridges connected in series. (6 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; power convertors; Uncontrolled indexing: lightning impulses; insulation levels; insulation coordination; HVDC convertor terminal equipped with thyristor valves; overvoltage limitation; arresters; switching impulses Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8360 Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus IPC: H02M Inspec Accession No.: 807444 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1975-008 MIN: E115-75005-A004 Title: Progress report of study committee no.33 (overvoltages and insulation co-ordination) Author(s): Palva, V. Journal: Electra, no.40, p.33-41 Publication Date: May 1975 ISSN: 0424-7701 (print) JIN: E115 CODEN: ECTRB3 Language: French English Abstract: The following topics are dealt with. (1) Lightning and discharge phenomena; lightning overvoltages and lightning overvoltage protection. (2) dielectric strength of the external insulation; validity of test results; pollution problems at UHV. (3) Control
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of internal overvoltages and internal overvoltage protection (except the influence of the circuit-breakers). Application of the statistical approach to insulation co-ordination. Stresses on UHV surge diverters. (0 refs.) Treatment: General Controlled indexing: divertors; insulation co-ordination; lightning; overvoltage protection; Uncontrolled indexing: lightning overvoltages; overvoltage protection; dielectric strength; external insulation; pollution; UHV surge diverters; insulation coordination Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8140 Power system protection IPC: H02H3/20 Inspec Accession No.: 857178 Update: 1976-002 Title: Mathematical models for insulation coordination analysis Document Type: Journal paper MIN: B024-75002-A006

Author(s): Cristovici, A.1; Necsulescu, D. S.1; Popescu, A.1 Affiliation(s): 1. ISPE, Bucharest, Romania Journal: Buletinul Institutului de Studii si Proiectari Energetice, vol.17, no.3-4, p.121-35 Publication Date: 1974 ISSN: 0374-4841 (print) JIN: B024 CODEN: ISPBAM Language: English Abstract: Analyzes the problems raised by the static insulation coordination. Mathematical models for determining the stresses at overvoltages as well as the method to establish the conditions imposed to the insulation by these stresses, are presented. (8 refs.) Treatment: Application; Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; mathematical analysis; modelling; overvoltage; stress analysis; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; overvoltages; mathematical model; stress analysis Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8130H Power line supports, insulators and connectors Inspec Accession No.: 1411018 Update: 1979-009 Title: Insulation coordination and selection of surge arrester Document Type: Journal paper MIN: B013-79008-A004

Author(s): Burger, U.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Brown, Boveri & Co. Ltd., Baden, Switzerland Journal: Brown Boveri Review, vol.66, no.4, p.271-80 Publication Date: April 1979 ISSN: 0007-2486 (print) JIN: B013 CODEN: BRBOA9 Language: English Abstract: Possible types of overvoltage are first described. The insulation coordination can be economically optimized when the electric strength of insulating arrangements and the means of limiting overvoltages are known. By dividing the insulation into different classes and providing suitable test specifications it is possible to dimension the insulation to meet all operating requirements. Some examples are given to illustrate the withstand value, the protection level and the choice of surge arrester. (11 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; overvoltage protection; surge protection; Uncontrolled indexing: surge arrester; insulation coordination; overvoltages; withstand value; protection level Classification: B8140 Power system protection IPC: H02H3/20 Inspec Accession No.: 1424907 Document Type: Journal paper Update: 1979-010 MIN: I087-79006-B014 Title: Insulation coordination designs of HVDC converter installations Journal: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.PAS-98, no.5, p.1761-76 Publication Date: Sept.-Oct. 1979 ISSN: 0018-9510 (print) JIN: I087 CODEN: IEPSA9 Language: English Abstract: There have been as many insulation coordination schemes as there exists HVDC transmission systems throughout the world due to the complexity and variety of terminal arrangements. This paper presents the first consolidated treatise with heretofore
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needed completeness and a significant amount of previously unpublished data obtained from surveys. It furnishes a comprehensive digest of tried schemes from which new HVDC converter terminals can be designed. Included are equipment insulation levels, arrester protective characteristics, and even protective margins where possible on each of the varied schemes. (25 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: DC transmission networks; insulation co-ordination; power convertors; surge protection; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; HVDC transmission systems; equipment insulation levels; arrester protective characteristics; convertor terminals Classification: B8120G d.c. transmission; B8140 Power system protection; B8360 Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus IPC: H02M Inspec Accession No.: 1656259 Update: 1981-004 Title: Design of an optimized 600 kV DC cable system Document Type: Journal paper MIN: I087-80006-A002

Author(s): Allam, E. M.1; McKean, A. L.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Phelps Dodge Cable & Wire Co., Yonkers, NY, USA Journal: IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.PAS-99, no.5, p.1713-21 Publication Date: Sept.-Oct. 1980 ISSN: 0018-9510 (print) JIN: I087 CODEN: IEPSA9 Language: English Abstract: Basic aspects of design studies involved in the development of an optimized 600 kV DC pipe cable are described. Materials studies, evaluating candidate insulating oils and papers, are presented, and results of breakdown tests on models summarized. Design parameters are reviewed, and a method described for development of an optimized cable. Brief comments are provided relating to the proposed laboratory test program, the newly-developed G&W DC terminal, and the subject of insulation coordination. (6 refs.) Treatment: Experimental Controlled indexing: cable insulation; insulation co-ordination; insulation testing; underground cables; Uncontrolled indexing: DC cable system; design; 600 kV; pipe cable; insulating oils; papers; breakdown tests; laboratory test; insulation coordination Classification: B8130B Power cables IPC: G01R31/12 ; H01B9/00 Inspec Accession No.: 1696383 Update: 1981-007 Title: Insulation coordination of air-insulated stations Document Type: Conference paper MIN: XX81-00463-A014

Author(s): Hileman, A. R.1 Affiliation(s): 1. Advanced Systems Technol., Westinghouse Electirc Corp., East Pittsburgh, PA, USA Editor(s): Ragaller, K. Conference: Surges in High-Voltage Networks. Brown Boveri Symposium on Surges in High-Voltage Networks , Baden, Switzerland, 3-4 Sept. 1979 Publication: Surges in High-Voltage Networks. Proceedings of the Brown Boveri Symposium on Surges in High-Voltage Networks Publisher: Plenum, USA, 1980 ISBN: 0-306-40457-5 Pages: 323-44 Language: English Abstract: After discussion of the selection of the design criteria and alternate methodologies of implementing these criteria, a probabilistic procedure is used for switching surge insulation coordination for self-restoring insulation and two alternate probabilistic methods are compared for lighting insulation coordination. Both the normal SiC/active gap and the ZnO arresters are considered. The analysis is concluded by a discussion of research needs and trends. (13 refs.) Treatment: Application; Practical Controlled indexing: insulation co-ordination; lightning protection; overvoltage protection; spark gaps; surge protection; transformer protection; Uncontrolled indexing: air-insulated stations; design criteria; switching surge insulation coordination; probabilistic methods; SiC/ active gap; ZnO arresters; lightning protection; spark gaps; overvoltage protection; transformer protection Classification: B8140 Power system protection; B8350 Transformers and reactors IPC: H01F27/00 ; H02G13/00 ; H02H3/20 ; H02H7/04 Inspec Accession No.: 1900208
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Update: 1982-009 MIN: A114-82002-A006 Title: Risk of failure by switching surges in insulation systems with surge diverters Author(s): Kucera, J. Journal: Acta Technica CSAV, vol.27, no.1, p.59-67 Publication Date: 1982 ISSN: 0001-7043 (print) JIN: A114 CODEN: ATCVA4 Language: English Abstract: Contains a general solution of a combination of several different insulation and protective levels and switching overvoltages. From general equations a simplified relation is derived for the calculation of failure rates caused by action of switching overvoltages on a given insulation level of a system protected with surge diverters. The derived relations are applied for some practical cases of combinations and serve to the determination of the protective level of diverters or of the insulation level of a system for a selected failure probability of the phase-to-ground insulation of a system lower than 0.02. (4 refs.) Treatment: Theoretical/Mathematical Controlled indexing: divertors; insulation co-ordination; surge protection; Uncontrolled indexing: insulation coordination; switching surges; insulation systems; surge diverters; combination of several different insulation; switching overvoltages; calculation of failure rates; insulation level; protective level; failure probability; phaseto-ground insulation Classification: B8110D Power system planning and layout; B8140 Power system protection Inspec Accession No.: 1935826 Document Type: Conference paper Update: 1982-011 MIN: XX81-00772-C004 Title: Effect of voltage upgrade of Pacific HVDC Intertie on insulation coordination and surge arrester duty Author(s): Flugum, R. W.; Reeve, J.; Melvold, D. J.; Reavis, M. A. Conference: International Conference on Thyristor and Variable Static Equipment for ac and dc Transmission , London, UK, 30 Nov.-3 Dec. 1981 Publication: International Conference on Thyristor and Variable Static Equipment for ac and dc Transmission Publisher: IEE, UK, 1981 Pages: 194-8 Language: English Abstract: In order to improve the power transfer capability of the existing 400 kV Pacific HVDC Intertie, participants in the Intertie are planning on increasing the system operating voltage to 500 kV. This would raise the power transfer capability from 1600 to 2000 MW. When considering a voltage change of this magnitude, a detailed assessment of the effect on both line and terminal equipment was necessary. Four of the major studies undertaken to assess the effect of the voltage increase were: (1) an investigation of transient overvoltages; (2) a study of harmonic generation and filtering requirements; (3) an analysis of smoothing reactor dimensioning; and (4) a study of insulation coordination and surge arrester duty. This paper only reports on the results of the transient overvoltage study, insulation coordination, and surge arrester duty. (1 refs.) Treatment: Practical Controlled indexing: DC transmission networks; high-voltage engineering; insulation co-ordination; overvoltage protection; surge protection; transient response; Uncontrolled indexing: voltage upgrade; HVDC Intertie; insulation coordination; surge arrester duty; transient overvoltage study Classification: B8120G d.c. transmission; B8140C Protection apparatus IPC: H01H ; H01H71/00 ; H02H1/00 ; H02H3/20

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