CHAPTER 13 The Feedwater Loop Gabriel Dominic Baygan Jovane Denden Michael Evangelista John Paul Layese

Solved Problems 1. The feedwater to a boiler is 92% condensate and 8% make-up containing 270 ppm solids. What weights of solids enter the boiler per hr at a 22680 kg per hr steam evaporation? Solution:

solids answer 2. Write the following water analysis on a balanced epm basis: Ca, 55.0; Mg, 19.0; Na,10.0; HCO3, 220.0; SO4, 29.0; Cl, 9.6; all in ppm.

Solution: +epm 2.75 1.57 0.435 -epm

Ca Mg Na HCO3 SO4 Cl

55.0 19.0 20.0 220 29 9.6

4.755

3.606 0.604 0.270 4.480

Difference = 4.755 4480 = 0.275 PPM NO3 required for balance = 0.275 x 62.0

= 17.05 PPM NO3 Thus balanced analysis: Ca Mg Na HCO3 3. 55.0 19.0 10.0 220 +2.75 +1.57 +0.435 -3.606 SO4 Cl NO3 29.0 4.6 -0.604 -0.270

answer

17.05 -0.275

The 1370 mm dia. Steam drum on a boiler is 2440 mm long and has a 250mm gauge glass at mid drum level. Find the maximum steam generation that could be cared for by a blowdown of half a water gauge each 8-hr shift. Pressure, 17.5 Solution: ga .

Specific volume of liquid at

= 0.00117

Let Ws = kg steam flow between blow down

With boiler concentration, Sb = 2000 ppm and Feed water concentration Sb = 150 ppm By mass balance:

Average steam generation

this is the maximum rate of steam answer

generation that can be cared of by the given blowdown.

4. The exhaust of a mechanical drive turbine is estimated to be 1270 kg per hr at 14 . How much feedwater will this heat per hr with a 2.7 C terminal difference (td)? Cold water temperature , 26.7 C. Solution:

Saturation temperature of steam at 14 Temperature of feedwater leaving heater Assuming open heater: Let Ws = exhaust stem rate Wf = feedwater rate Hes= enthalphy of exhaust steam

Hf = enthalphy of feedwater at 99.13 C By heat balance: Heat given off by steam = Heat absorbed by feedwater

answer

5.

During a test an extraction heater condensed 557.5 kg steam per hr and heated 17890 from 61 to 78 0.8 . The heating surface is such that A = 19.7 m2 and Vw 2.11 . Steam pressure, , 94C; condensate, 92C. Find the td, U, and thermal efficiency.

Solution : a. Saturation temperature at 0.8 kg per cm2 = 93.2C Terminal Difference = 93.2 78 = 15.2C b.

Mean temperature difference:

Total heat absorbed by water:

Total heating surface area, A = 19.7 m2 Over all heat transfer coefficient:

c. Heat given off by steam : Enthalphy at 0.8 , 94C Enthalphy of condensate x kgx steam extracted per hr From steam table:

Thermal efficiency of heater

answer 6. Calculate drive Hp for pumping 1703 delivery at 5.3 Solution: Let cold water to a tank. Suction at 127 mm Hg vacuum, .

, both measured close to pump

By bernoullis energy equation:

+( Neglect velocity head and elevation head changes:

ga

brake hp

bhp bhp =20.43 hp Drive hp for pump =31.4 hp answer 7. Estimate discharge rate( direct- acting steam pump. Solution: Use equation 13-11, p.549 commercial pump: and maximum suction lift of a 95 mm x 127 mm x 152mm duplex, . Sea level. Could this be a boiler feed pump?

Where L = stroke in mm

Piston displacement of pump PD = no. of cylinders x area x Vp

By equation 13-12, p. 549 discharge capacity

ans. b. for boiler feed pumps, is about 1.6, (see page 547). This pump is, therefore, not a boiler feed pump.