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! solve the Burger's equation on a finite-volume grid using ! using Godunov's method ! ! u_t + (0.5 u**2)_x = 0 !

program burger implicit none ! the number of zones (nx) and number of guardcells (ng) integer, parameter :: nx = 128 integer, parameter :: ng = 2 ! the domain size double precision, parameter :: xmin = 0.d0 double precision, parameter :: xmax = 1.d0 ! the CFL number double precision, parameter :: cfl = 0.8d0 ! initial condition type integer, parameter :: inittype = 2 ! slope type (1=godunov, 2=centered, 3=LW, ! 4=minmod limiting, 5=MC limiting, 6=superbee limiting) integer, parameter :: islopetype = 6 ! maximum simulation time double precision, parameter :: tmax = 0.3d0 double precision, dimension(2*ng + nx) :: x double precision, dimension(2*ng + nx) :: u, ul, ur, f double precision :: dx double precision :: time, dt ! setup the grid and set the initial conditions call grid(nx, ng, xmin, xmax, dx, x) call init(nx, ng, inittype, x, u) time = 0.d0 call output(nx, ng, inittype, islopetype, time, x, u) ! evolution loop -- construct the interface states, solve the Riemann ! problem, and update the solution to the new time level do while (time < tmax) call fillBC(nx, ng, u) call timestep(nx, ng, dx, cfl, u, dt) if (time + dt > tmax) then dt = tmax - time endif

call states(nx, ng, dx, dt, islopetype, u, ul, ur) call riemann(nx, ng, ul, ur, f) call update(nx, ng, dx, dt, u, f) time = time + dt enddo call output(nx, ng, inittype, islopetype, time, x, u) end program burger

!============================================================================ ! grid: create the grid !============================================================================ subroutine grid(nx, ng, xmin, xmax, dx, x) implicit none integer :: nx, ng double precision :: xmin, xmax double precision :: dx double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: x integer :: i ! create the grid dx = (xmax - xmin)/dble(nx) do i = 1, 2*ng+nx x(i) = (i-ng-0.5d0)*dx + xmin enddo return end subroutine grid

!============================================================================ ! init: set the initial conditions !============================================================================ subroutine init(nx, ng, inittype, x, u) implicit none integer :: nx, ng integer :: inittype double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: x, u integer :: i, imin, imax double precision, parameter :: pi = 3.14159d0

imin = ng+1 imax = ng+nx ! ! ! ! loop over all the zones and set the initial conditions. To be consistent with the finite-volume discretization, we should store the zone averages here, but, to second-order accuracy, it is sufficient to evaluate the initial conditions at the zone center.

do i = imin, imax if (inittype == 1) then ! sin wave u(i) = sin(2.d0*pi*x(i)) else if (inittype == 2) then ! square wave if (x(i) > 0.333d0 .and. x(i) < 0.666d0) then u(i) = 1.d0 else u(i) = 0.d0 endif else if (inittype == 3) then ! wave packet u(i) = sin(16.d0*pi*x(i))*exp(-36.d0*(x(i)-0.5d0)**2) endif enddo return end subroutine init

!============================================================================ ! output: write out the solution !============================================================================ subroutine output(nx, ng, inittype, islopetype, time, x, u) implicit none integer :: nx, ng integer :: inittype, islopetype double precision :: time double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: x, u character (len=4) :: time_string character (len=16) :: slope, init, res integer :: i, imin, imax imin = ng+1 imax = ng+nx

if (islopetype == 1) then slope = "upwind" else if (islopetype == 2) slope = "centered" else if (islopetype == 3) slope = "LW" else if (islopetype == 4) slope = "minmod" else if (islopetype == 5) slope = "MC" else if (islopetype == 6) slope = "superbee" endif

then then then then then

if (inittype == 1) then init = "sine" else if (inittype == 2) then init = "tophat" else if (inittype == 3) then init = "packet" endif ! open the output file write (time_string, '(f4.2)') time write (res, '(i8)') nx open(unit=10, file="burger-"//trim(slope)//"-"//trim(init)//"-nx="//trim(adjus tl(res))//"-t="//time_string, status="unknown") write write write write (10,*) (10,*) (10,*) (10,*) "# "# "# "# Burger's equation" init = ", inittype slope type = ", islopetype time = ", time

do i = imin, imax write (10,*) x(i), u(i) enddo return end subroutine output

!============================================================================ ! fillBC: fill the boundary conditions !============================================================================ subroutine fillBC(nx, ng, u) implicit none integer :: nx, ng double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: u integer :: i, imin, imax imin = ng+1 imax = ng+nx

! left boundary do i = 1, imin-1 u(i) = u(imax-ng+i) enddo ! right boundary do i = imax+1, 2*ng+nx u(i) = u(i-imax+ng) enddo return end subroutine fillBC

!============================================================================ ! timestep: compute the new timestep !============================================================================ subroutine timestep(nx, ng, dx, cfl, u, dt) implicit none integer :: nx, ng double precision :: dx double precision :: cfl double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: u double precision :: dt integer :: i, imin, imax double precision, parameter :: SMALL = 1.d-12 imin = ng+1 imax = ng+nx dt = 1.e33 do i = imin, imax dt = min(dt, dx/(abs(u(i)) + SMALL)) enddo dt = cfl*dt return end subroutine timestep

!============================================================================ ! states: compute the interface states used in solving the Riemann problem !============================================================================ subroutine states(nx, ng, dx, dt, islopetype, u, ul, ur) implicit none integer :: nx, ng integer :: islopetype double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: u, ul, ur double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: slope double precision :: slope1, slope2

double precision :: a double precision :: dx, dt double precision :: minmod, maxmod integer :: i, imin, imax imin = ng+1 imax = ng+nx ! compute the centered difference for linear slopes do i = imin-1, imax+1 if (islopetype == 1) then ! Godunov's method (piecewise constant) slope(i) = 0.d0 else if (islopetype == 2) then ! centered difference (equivalent to Fromm's method) slope(i) = 0.5*(u(i+1) - u(i-1))/dx else if (islopetype == 3) then ! downwind difference (equivalent to Lax-Wendroff) slope(i) = (u(i+1) - u(i))/dx else if (islopetype == 4) then ! minmod limited slope slope(i) = minmod((u(i) - u(i-1))/dx, (u(i+1) - u(i))/dx) else if (islopetype == 5) then ! MC limiter slope(i) = minmod(minmod(2.d0*(u(i) - u(i-1))/dx, & 2.d0*(u(i+1) - u(i))/dx), & 0.5d0*(u(i+1) - u(i-1))/dx) else if (islopetype == 6) then ! superbee slope1 = minmod((u(i+1) - u(i))/dx, & 2.d0*(u(i) - u(i-1))/dx) slope2 = minmod(2.d0*(u(i+1) - u(i))/dx, & (u(i) - u(i-1))/dx) slope(i) = maxmod(slope1, slope2) endif enddo ! for each interface, we want to construct the left and right ! states. Here, interface i refers to the left edge of zone i

! interfaces imin to imax+1 affect the data in zones [imin,imax] do i = imin, imax+1 ! the left state on the current interface comes from zone i-1. ul(i) = u(i-1) + 0.5*dx*(1.d0 - u(i-1)*(dt/dx))*slope(i-1) ! the right state on the current interface comes from zone i ur(i) = u(i) - 0.5*dx*(1.d0 + u(i)*(dt/dx))*slope(i) enddo return end subroutine states

!============================================================================ ! riemann: solve the Riemann problem !============================================================================ subroutine riemann(nx, ng, ul, ur, f) implicit none integer :: nx, ng double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: ul, ur, f double precision :: S, us integer :: i, imin, imax imin = ng+1 imax = ng+nx ! loop over all the interfaces and solve the Riemann problem -- see Toro ! Ch. 2 and 3 for details on the solution do i = imin, imax+1 if (ul(i) > ur(i)) then ! shock S = 0.5*(ul(i) + ur(i)) if (S >= 0) then us = ul(i) else us = ur(i) endif else ! rarefaction if (ul(i) >= 0.0) then us = ul(i) else if (ur(i) <= 0.0) then us = ur(i) else us = 0.d0 endif endif

f(i) = 0.5*us*us enddo return end subroutine riemann

!============================================================================ ! update: conservatively update the solution to the new time level !============================================================================ subroutine update(nx, ng, dx, dt, u, f) implicit none integer :: nx, ng double precision :: dx, dt double precision, dimension(2*ng+nx) :: u, f integer :: i, imin, imax imin = ng+1 imax = ng+nx do i = imin, imax u(i) = u(i) + (dt/dx)*(f(i) - f(i+1)) enddo return end subroutine update

!============================================================================ ! various limiter functions !============================================================================ function minmod(a,b) implicit none double precision :: a, b double precision :: minmod if (abs(a) < abs(b) .and. a*b > 0.d0) then minmod = a else if (abs(b) < abs(a) .and. a*b > 0) then minmod = b else minmod = 0.d0 endif return end function minmod

function maxmod(a,b) implicit none double precision :: a, b double precision :: maxmod if (abs(a) > abs(b) .and. a*b > 0.d0) then maxmod = a else if (abs(b) > abs(a) .and. a*b > 0) then maxmod = b else maxmod = 0.d0 endif return end function maxmod

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