Pen Map User Guide

Penmap User Guide
Penmap
By Strata Software
Strata Software & Consultancy Ltd. Velocity Angel Way Listerhills Bradford BD7 1BX United Kingdom +44 (1274) 841325 Fax: +44 (1274) 841324 Web: WWW.PENMAP.COM Email: support@penmap.com
Copyright Notice The information in this document is subject to change in order to improve reliability, design, or function without prior notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Strata. In no event will we be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or the possibility of such damages.
Licenses and trademarks All licenses and trademarks are property of their respective owners. If you need any further information, please visit our website: www.penmap.com
Pocket Penmap User Guide
Introduction 3
Contents
Introduction Getting Started 7 8
How to use this Guide..........................................................................................................8 Hardware Requirements ......................................................................................................8 Installing Penmap ................................................................................................................9 Starting Penmap................................................................................................................10 Getting a Key and installing on your system .....................................................................11 The Penmap screen ............................................................................................................12 The Button Bar ....................................................................................................13 The Macro GIS Buttons....................................................................................15 The Instrument Bar..............................................................................................16 The Main Menu Bar ............................................................................................18 Toolboxes ............................................................................................................19 Entering Text and Numbers.................................................................................21 Selecting Items from the screen...........................................................................22
Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system
23
Starting Penmap and Loading data ....................................................................................23 Zooming and Panning........................................................................................................24 Drawing Graphics on the screen ........................................................................................25 Points...................................................................................................................26 Line......................................................................................................................26 Polyline................................................................................................................27 Circle ...................................................................................................................27 Arc.......................................................................................................................28 Curve ...................................................................................................................28 Text......................................................................................................................29 Symbol ................................................................................................................29 Permanent Station................................................................................................30 Measuring Distance and Angles ........................................................................................30
Workbook 2 Collecting Data in Layers
32
Methods .............................................................................................................................32 Snap.....................................................................................................................33 Free Node ............................................................................................................33 Bilateration ..........................................................................................................33 Chain and Offset..................................................................................................34 Bearing and Distance...........................................................................................35 Split Distance ......................................................................................................36 Total Station ........................................................................................................37 Resection .............................................................................................................37 GPS......................................................................................................................37 Using Construction Methods .............................................................................................37 Layer Information ..............................................................................................................39
Collecting data with Codes and Comments
40
Point Numbering and Commenting ...................................................................................40 Starting the Coding System ...............................................................................................41 Collecting Data with Codes ...............................................................................................42
Workbook 3 Collecting Data with a GPS

45
Introduction 4
Preparing for Use.................................................................................................45 Setting up a GPS..................................................................................................45 Collecting Data....................................................................................................46
Workbook 4 Collecting Data with a Total Station
49
Preparing for use .................................................................................................49 Selecting the Total Station and setting up communications ................................49 5) Entering the permanent station.......................................................................50 Entering Co-ordinates manually for instrument setup ........................................51 Turning On the Total Station...............................................................................52 Setting Up on a known position ..........................................................................52 Collecting Data with a Total Station ...................................................................55 Resection (or Free Stationing) .............................................................................55 Robotic Control ...................................................................................................57
Using Base Mapping
58
Raster Basemaps................................................................................................................58 Converting Raster Basemaps...............................................................................59 Loading Raster Basemaps ...................................................................................59 Vector Basemaps ...............................................................................................................59 Converting Vector Basemaps ..............................................................................60 Loading Vector Basemaps...................................................................................61
Setting Out and Navigation GPS with Post Processing
62 65
Setting up the Base for Post Processing.............................................................................65 Setting up the Rover for Post Processing...........................................................................67 Correcting the Post Processing Data..................................................................................68
Transferring data to and from other systems Making a 3D model (DTM or TIN)
69 70
Data Limits ..........................................................................................................70 Making a DTM....................................................................................................71 Setting the Properties...........................................................................................71
Advanced GPS Functionality
72
Display Configuration .........................................................................................72 Understanding the GPS Control Toolbox ..........................................................................73 Main ....................................................................................................................74 Qual - Quality......................................................................................................75 Link .....................................................................................................................75 Opts-Options .......................................................................................................76 Sats. Satellites......................................................................................................76 Map......................................................................................................................77 Parms - Parameters ..............................................................................................78 Speed ...................................................................................................................78 Speed 2 ................................................................................................................78 Model ..................................................................................................................79 ADV ....................................................................................................................79 Phonebook ...........................................................................................................79 Diag .....................................................................................................................80 Ref Stn.................................................................................................................80 Setting Up a base station....................................................................................................82
Introduction 5
Pick Node from Survey .......................................................................................84 Enter Position ......................................................................................................85 Average Position .................................................................................................85 Calibration What to do if the map is WRONG? .............................................................86 Using Penmap with VRS and NTRIP ................................................................................90
Coordinate Systems, Projections, Geoids and how to set them
98
Setting up your Coordinate System. ..................................................................................98 Setting up Custom Projection Presets ................................................................................99 Standard Example Preset ...................................................................................101 Setting up a Preset from a list of coordinates ....................................................102 Putting in a UTM Grid. .....................................................................................103 UTM Coordinates work anywhere...................................................................................103 UTM Zone World Map .....................................................................................106
Appendix 1 Setting up a Penmap GPS Lite System
108
Setting up Penmap GPS Lite Base by Averaging. ...........................................................108 Setting up the PenmapGPS Lite Rover ............................................................................112
Appendix 2 Using GPS Setup Utility
116
Clear GPS ( Factory Defaults) .........................................................................................119 Set For AutoBASE ..........................................................................................................119
Introduction 6
Introduction
Penmap is a sophisticated data collection system designed to operate on Windows 2000/XP, and Windows Mobile 5.0 platforms.
Using Penmap, data that was previously collected using text-only loggers and then plotted back at the office may now be viewed onscreen instantly.. Viewing data as collected is only part of the advantage of Penmap, users are able to take existing data set out to site in a digital format. This existing data can then be edited along with new data being added. This greatly reduces errors, time spent, and the need to revisit sites. This combination of data collection and handling produces a field editing system, more powerful than any individual Surveying, CAD or GIS System, and of unparalleled multiple functionality.
Introduction 7
Getting Started
The following sections should be enough to help you to understand the basics of Penmap. The Penmap user interface is consistent for PC and PDA platforms, so this document is equally applicable to both devices.
How to use this Guide

This Guide will illustrate the basics of using Penmap. Its the best place to start learning about the system and all its functions. The guide will lead you through all of the basic functions and you will be able to find the sections which relate to your tasks. The Users Guide will take you through the following basic steps Installing Penmap Basic Concepts - Introduces concepts and conditions which will apply throughout Penmap regardless of application. First Time Use Covers some of the basics of data collection and deals with common issues when setting up data collection stations.
Hardware Requirements
For the PC version Windows 2000 SP4, or Windows XP is required. For the PDA version Windows Mobile 5.0 is required. Penmap also requires the Microsoft .NET Framework for the PC platform, or the Microsoft Compact Framework for the PDA platform. The Penmap installer will install the appropriate framework if it is absent from the target computer. As new versions are released by Microsoft, Strata will test them with Penmap. Please consult the Penmap website (www.penmap.com) or contact Strata if you wish to use a different operating system.
Getting Started 8
Installing Penmap
A CD is provided with installers for PC and PDA platforms. To install the PDA version, the device should be connected to a desktop PC via Microsoft ActiveSync, and the installation CD run from the desktop PC. The CD also contains the Microsoft ActiveSync installer should it be absent from the desktop PC. The PDA version can be installed to main memory, or to a memory card. If installing to a memory card please ensure the card is a model with high transfer speeds as this will improve performance with Penmap. Insert the Penmap CD into your Desktop PC and the Penmap install suite will autorun. If the software fails to start then please run Autorun.exe directly from the CD.
Getting Started 9
Starting Penmap.
Penmap can be started by either,
Clicking on the Penmap icon. Or selecting Penmap from the list of Programs Penmap is user-customisable and can have more than one configuration to suit different tasks. Each configuration contains information controlling appearance and function of the software. If more than one configuration exists, then as Penmap is launched it will offer a choice of configuration to use. Penmap is initially installed with two configurations, default and example. Selection of the required configuration is accomplished using the following window
Select the required configuration from the list, then click on the configuration.
button to proceed using that
Getting Started 10
Getting a Key and installing on your system

Penmap is Key protected and when it starts for the first time it will present you with the Key Entry window (following the configuration selection).
Instructions will be provided with your installation CD on how to obtain a keycode. If you dont have a keycode and want to run the viewer version then press the Cancel button and Penmap will start. Once a keycode has been obtained, this can be entered into the eight boxes provided, with 4 characters in each box. Once done, press the Apply button. For devices with touch screens, click on the icon circled in the following diagram to present a screen keyboard to assist keycode entry.
Getting Started 11
The Penmap screen

The default Penmap window will appear across the entire screen with a user configurable Button Bar near the top of the window, and an Instrument Bar near the bottom of the window. The application main menu will appear in the default location for the platform. For the PDA version the appearance will vary slightly according to the available screen space. On square or portrait mode displays it will look similar to this.
Landscape mode PDAs offer additional controls.
Getting Started 12
On a desktop or tablet PC, the main Penmap window will look similar to this.
The Button Bar holds user-definable buttons which can be selected to suit the intended survey or GIS collection task. The Instrument Bar is of fixed format and primarily gives access to GPS and Total Station instruments.
The Button Bar

The Button Bar consists of frequently used options that need a quick means of access.
(PDA example)
(PC example)
Getting Started 13
Standard Buttons
Buttons can be specified which give faster access to standard menu functions. The standard icons for these buttons are as follows: Save survey Method Snap Method Enter data Method Chain and offset Method Distance and bearing Method Resection Graphic Point Graphic Polyline Graphic Circle 2 point Graphic Arc Graphic Text Graphic Permanent station Graphic Planning frame ID Measure ID Graphic Table of contents DTM regenerate Survey layers toolbox Zoom toolbox Zoom Redraw Zoom x 2 Zoom - 2 Zoom To box Zoom To previous view Survey layers quick select Zoom quick select Zoom Pan Zoom x 5 Zoom - 5 Zoom To survey extents Method - Construction Graphic - Line Graphic Circle plus radius Graphic Circle 3 point Graphic - Curve Graphic - Symbol Graphic Construction line Graphic Freehand ID Node ID Set out to point or line Add GIS item Edit item Method - Free Method - Bilateration
Getting Started 14
The Macro GIS Buttons

User defined Macro buttons can be defined in Penmap to greatly reduce the number of button presses to perform frequently used functions. A single press on a macro button can switch Method, Graphic, Layer, and start a GIS item. The example Penmap configuration contains some default GIS examples for different types of users. The predefined Macro buttons for the example configuration are as follows.
(PDA Landscape only)
(PC)
Context An archaeological layer Tree Surveying a single tree Trees Surveying a group of trees. Land Parcel Surveying a Cadastral or land ownership parcel. Small Find An archaeologists small find Electric Pylon Surveying an overhead pylon Manhole - Surveying a sewer manhole Cable Surveying an electric cable. Camera A photograph
Getting Started 15
As an example of a defined macro button used to survey a tree: Select a method first. Method Free Node screen. Press the tree macro button just uses the pen (mouse) to define a point on the
to indicate placement of a tree item is required.
Touch the position on the screen where the tree is to be placed, this will place a tree symbol then bring up the Tree data entry form:
This user-defined form is the place where data can be entered for the tree. With this particular example laser measuring devices can be used to directly input the dimensional data for the tree if required. This is only an example and users can setup their own forms and databases using the Penmap DataBase Editor program.
The Instrument Bar

Penmap is frequently used with GPS and/or other surveying equipment and most of these controls can be found in the instrument bar at the bottom of the screen. As with the Button bar not all of these functions will display if the user is running Penmap on a device with a small screen.
(PDA - landscape)
(PC) This always appears in a line format along the base of the Penmap Window.
Getting Started 16
Point Numbering Shows or hides the point numbering bar.
Snap to Last Snap the next item to the last node surveyed. Useful for switching graphic items without having to change method to snap.
Method Total Station Starts the Total Station for Data Collection. Remember, configuration of the Total Station is done in File Properties, and setting up the instrument is done in Method Resection.
Fire Total Station - This will collect one position with the total Station.
Method GPS - Starts the GPS for data collection.
Accept GPS Position - Collects one position from the GPS. Remember that the GPS must be setup under File Properties GPS first.
The indicators on the Instrument bar indicate a variety of status settings and will turn red or green (or blue when inactive) depending on function. They can also act as buttons to access the various functions. The lights show the status of the following functions, from left to right: RTK Link, Point Age, Quality, COM port status
Hide or Show Toolboxes - This will give the user the options of hiding or showing all of the toolboxes on the screen with a single click. The is useful when using a small screen device and the toolboxes need to be moved to see the map.
Coordinate Display
Current Layer the currently selected layer that new graphics will be put into.
Getting Started 17
The Main Menu

Each menu option has its own pull down menu which can be accessed by pen or mouse.
The File Menu This pull down menu groups together operations which affect whole files. These include opening and saving files, importing, exporting and printing files. The File menu also gives access to the Properties window where most Penmap configuration items are specified. The Edit Menu This pull down menu, groups together editing functions that are performed on nodes, graphics objects, and GIS objects. The Method Menu This pull down menu, groups together the surveying method options that can be used to generate nodes on a survey with the Penmap software. The Graphics Menu This pull down menu, groups together the graphics item options available with the Penmap software. The ID Menu This pull down menu, identifies survey data in the Penmap Window, such as coordinates of nodes, length of lines, contour levels, the radius of a circle and azimuth angles. The Misc Menu This pull down menu groups together access to the Table of Contents, the Survey Layer Toolbox, and the Tolerances and Limits toolbox..
Getting Started 18
Toolboxes
Penmap is designed to operate on field computers with restricted screen size so to make best use of the screen area traditional dialogs have been replaced by Toolboxes. These function in a similar way to Windows dialogs but have been made as small as possible, and where appropriate, operable in their minimised state. Toolboxes can have up to three states, Minimised, Normal, Expanded.
A minimised toolbox will have at least a Restore icon, which is always the first icon (lefthandmost icon), and in most circumstances, a Close icon to exit the toolbox. When in Normal or Expanded state, the toolbox will have a Drag bar for moving the toolbox, and also a combination of the following icons: Minimise icon Used to return the toolbox to the minimised state. Toggle icon Used to change between the normal and expanded states. Close icon Used to exit the toolbox. A toolboxt may also provide Mini-helper icons which give access to the toolbox functionality even when minimised. These are examples of Toolboxes with mini-helper icons enabled:
Bilateration method
Polyline graphic
Getting Started 19
Frequently users prefer that toolboxes open in their minimised form. For example if Method Free Node is selected then the minimised Free node toolbox will appear in compact form at the bottom of the map area.
In both cases (starting minimised or normal) the user can still use the Free Node function, the difference is that the full toolbox takes more space and has access to less commonly used functions and information.
Most minimised toolboxes also supply a menu. This can be opened by right-clicking (PC), or holding down the pen for 1 second (PDA) on the lefthand icon.
Minimised toolboxes are automatically parked at the bottom of the map area. From the Penmap Main Menu, Misc > Custom gives access to a setting page for toolboxes so that the default behaviour can be changed according to personal preference.
RECAP FOR CONTROL STRIP Hide or Show Toolboxes - This will give the user the options of hiding or showing all of the toolboxes on the screen with a single click. The is useful when using a small screen device and the toolboxes need to be moved to see the map.
Getting Started 20
Entering Text and Numbers

If Penmap is being operated on a PDA then there will be a small keyboard button appearing on the lower right of the screen. Pressing this button will bring up an on-screen keyboard to enter the data in the field. Place the cursor in the field by touching the pen to the field and type. If Penmap is being operated on a tablet PC then an on-screen keyboard can be invoked by double-clicking on any text control within Penmap.
Occasionally Penmap will require the entry of specific text and numbers and Penmap will place a custom number entry window on the screen for this purpose.
Getting Started 21
Selecting Items from the screen

Frequently in Penmap the user will be selecting points, lines and other objects from the screen. Sometimes there will be multiple points either on top of or very near to the point that the user wants. When this happens the multiple selection toolbox appears
In the above case the user was selecting a point and there were 11 items near the position pressed with the pen, and Penmap is asking which one to choose. The Left and Right arrows will scroll through all eleven items. When the correct one is highlighted then the user should press the OK check to proceed to the next part of the function originally selected. This selection process can happen with any Penmap function where the user is trying to select a point and there are many others in the area.
Getting Started 22
Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system
The purpose of this section is to guide you through a hands-on example before we go into more detailed descriptions of the functionality. The intention is to take you step by step through some of the basics like loading and saving data, panning and zooming. The final task will have you drawing graphics on the screen. It is assumed that you have Penmap installed on your device. If you have installed the system correctly then the example data used in this and other workbooks will have also been installed. Work your way through the numbered heading in this section and then proceed with the guide.
Starting Penmap and Loading data

Please start Penmap. From the Choose Configuration window, select example and click on the Accept icon. You should now see the Penmap screen with some data already preloaded. The Preload can be turned off by selecting File => Properties => Startup => File and selecting No File. But for the moment leave the startup file in place.
Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system 23
Zooming and Panning

In a standard configuration there are 5 Zooming and Panning buttons on the button bar of the PC version, and a single button on the PDA version (PC) Zoom buttons function as follows: Redraw Redraws the entire survey from scratch. Pan - Touch the screen and drag the pen to a new position. Zoom x2 - Selecting this option will zoom into the centre of the screen after waiting 2 seconds. If the pen is touched to another position on the screen during the two seconds then it will zoom into the survey with the touched position at the centre. Zoom x5 As Zoom x2, but with greater magnification . Zoom 2 Will Zoom the view further out to show a larger area on the screen. Zoom 5 As Zoom 2 but shows a greater area. Window Touch the screen on one corner of the area that you want to zoom into and then drag the pen to the other corner. Extents Adjust the view to show the entire survey. Back Reverts to the previous view. One of the following buttons will be present on the button bar of both PC and PDA versions, according to the configuration: (PDA)
Zoom bar Presents the Zoom bar:
Zoom box = Presents the Zoom toolbox: The Zoom bar is a transient control and is only presented until a zoom function is selected, or until the bar is cancelled using the Cancel icon .
The Zoom toolbox is permanently displayed until manually closed.
Drawing Graphics on the screen

Now lets zoom into an empty part of the survey that is on your screen. Then we will draw some new lines on it just using the pen. In order to add graphics to the screen we must first select the means of adding the data. This is also called the Surveying Method used. To start with we will just be drawing the data on the screen. From the main menu select Method => Free node The free node and Snap toolbox should now be on the screen. It will either appear as the full toolbox
Or it will appear minimised on the lower left of the screen.
Try pressing the the toolbox back.
minimise button and then the
button at the bottom of the screen to get
Please make sure that the Free checkbox is checked. (If only the Snap checkbox was selected then you could only draw new data onto existing data points.) We have just said how we are going to collect the data, i.e. Free node drawing on the screen, now we must say what type of graphic we are going to draw. From the main menu Select => Graphic You should now see all the different types of graphics.
NOTE: The Pause Button. When a Graphics toolbox is active, Penmap will use the next node placed to contribute to defining the position of that graphic. For example, if the graphic Point toolbox is active, then a graphic point will be placed on the survey for EVERY new node created. Circumstances can arise on site where obstructions or restrictions may prevent a node being placed directly. In these circumstances construction methods can be used to place construction nodes which then allow the required unreachable position to be determined. The Pause button can be used to temporarily suspend graphics being automatically placed on new nodes, so that the construction nodes can be placed without having graphics objects use them. Some graphics toolboxes contain only a pause button.
(Normal function)
(Paused suspended function)
Whilst in the Paused state, NO new nodes placed will contribute to positioning the current graphic. Start at the top and try adding all of the different graphics types. following order. Select each of the items in the
No Graphic
Stops any existing graphic. For example when you are drawing graphics on the screen and you want to stop use this button. It has no affect unless a graphic is currently selected.
Point
A Graphic point should not be confused with a node. A node is a position and is not a graphic item, whereas a point is a graphic item and is assigned to a layer. The Point toolbox can be used to select from a range of userdefined vector and bitmap point markers:
(Shown in its expanded state)
Line
Draws a line on the screen. Select Line then touch the pen to the screen in different places. The first press is the start point of a line and the second is the end point. The function will continue repeatedly until you press No Graphic or select another graphic.
Polyline
A Polyline is a continuous stream of line segments. Between the start and end nodes a polyline can have many nodes that it passes through, going around corners etc. The Polyline toolbox will either appear in Normal Mode as:
The first button point.
is Close the polygon by snapping onto the first
The second button will end the polyline at the current point and wait to start the next one. Or in the toolboxs Minimised form as :
at the bottom of the screen. In this case the first mini-helper button will Close second will end at the current segment. and the
Circle + Radius
This draws a circle centred on the next node placed: Enter the Radius before placing centre node.
Circle 2 points
This draws a circle with the first node placed indicating the centre, and the second node placed defining a point on the circumference.
Circle 3 points
This draws a circle with three nodes used to define different points on the circumference. This is useful in situations where the centre of the circle may be difficult to define.
Arc
This draws an Arc. The user must select 3 points to draw an Arc.
Curve
This draws a curve. The curve will display as a dashed line until the curve is ended . The Curve toolbox will either appear in Normal Mode as:
The first button first point.
is Close the Curve by snapping back onto the
will end the Curve at the current point and The second button wait to start the next one. Or in the toolboxs Minimised form as:
In this case the mini-helper button will Close will end at the current segment.
and the third
Expanding this toolbox reveals pages for selecting the type of curve required, and any offset from the curve centreline.
Text
Text can be placed on the plan just like any other graphic item. When placed the user will be presented with a toolbox to enter the text and the possibility to scale and rotate the text.
The Text entry and placement toolbox will appear on the screen. Enter the text by placing the cursor on the Text entry line ( ABCDE on screen ) Then Type the text using the pop up Keyboard (double-click on a tablet PC). 1 2 3 are the number of points that you want to collect with the text. 1 No orientation or Size 2 Text will orient along the line between the two points. 3 Text will orient and scale to the third point. Text size can be changed from the pull down list.
Symbol
This will place a symbol. The symbol must be selected first from either a button or the Symbol Bar (MISC SYMBOL BAR)
Permanent Station
Total Stations can be setup on any type of point but traditionally a Permanent Station (Also called a control point) is used to mark the position where and instrument is going to be used. After placement the user will be requested to enter a name for the station which will be displayed next to the position.
Measuring Distance and Angles

Occasionally the user wants to measure the distance between points or the Angle created by points or lines. In Penmap select ID then Measure from the main menu. The Measure toolbox will then appear on the screen.
Press the button marked 1 on the toolbox, then touch the pen to the first point of the ones that you want to measure. Press the button marked 2 on the toolbox and then touch the pen to the second point. The toolbox will now display the distance and the distance will be marked by a blinking red line.
If the you want to know the angles between the points that you have drawn then press the Angle Tab on the toolbox.
Press The 1, 2, and 3 button to select the first second and third points that form your angle. Point number 2 is the middle point.
Workbook 2 Collecting Data in Layers
OK so you should now have a feel for what sort of lines etc you can draw and we selected one (of many possible) methods for inputting data into Penmap. Regardless of the type of data being collected there are three areas that have to be considered at all times. How are we collecting data? What are we collecting? And what layer or GIS item is it going to be in? The How are we collecting it is the survey method. This can be drawing on the screen (Free node), using a Total Station, or any one of 18 others. The What are we collecting is the Graphics items, is it a line, a curve, a circle, etc. The Layer is what gives the Graphics items their definition, i.e. the line could be part of a fence or a building. Consider the problem you want to place a building on the screen but be able to distinguish it from the fence boundary. By placing your graphic items into layers you can give them a unique property such as line colour. So when putting data into Penmap all three settings have to be selected prior to data collection (Method, Graphic and Layer). In the previous example the default setting was used which was a black line. While data is being collected these three areas, Method, Graphics, and Layer will be changing frequently. For example the user might be collecting the edge of a road, starting off with a Graphics Line but then switching to a Curve as the road curves. Or surveying buildings with a Total Station and then switching methods to a tape measure (bilateration) to gain access to a difficult corner.
Methods
There are over 20 survey methods in Penmap. A survey method is defined as any technique for locating a position. These methods can all be used interchangeably but they are rarely all used by the same surveyor or on the same site. Leaving the instrument methods, like Total Station and GPS, aside until a following chapter let us look at several of the more common methods. These methods can either be selected from the Main Menu or from the Button bar depending upon which buttons are configured.
Workbook 2 Collecting Data in Layers 32
Snap
This snaps the new graphic item being collected onto an existing node. It does not actually create a new node just uses the existing one.
Free Node
The Free Node method will allow the position to be entered by touching the Pen or Mouse onto the screen. After selecting Free node touching the screen will cause graphics to be drawn.
Bilateration
Bilateration means using a tape measure to calculate a new position by measuring to two existing positions. First the user must guess where the position is on the plan by touching the screen. Then touch the pen to the first position to measure to and enter the distance. This is then repeated for the second distance. The Bilateration toolbox will appear on the screen either in its minimised form
or as its full toolbox
Selects the first point to measure from Selects the second point to Measure from Allows you to Enter the first distance Allows you to Enter the second distance Every Bilateration has two possible solutions. This button will switch between the two.
Chain and Offset

The Chain and Offset method will allow the position to be calculated by measuring a distance (Chain) between two points and then an Offset to the left or right. Upon selection the Chain and Offset toolbox will appear either in minimised form
or as a Normal toolbox
Selects the first point on your chain line Selects the second point on the chain line Allows the entry of the distance down the chain line Allows the entry of the Offset distance. The offset distance can go either to the left or the right of the chain line. Pressing this button will swap the orientation.
Bearing and Distance

This allows data to be collected by selecting a position and then entering a bearing from North and a distance. Once selected the Bearing and Distance toolbox will appear on the screen in either its minimised
or Normal form
Selects the position on the screen Enters the Horizontal Angle Enters the Vertical Angle Enters the Distance Then pressing the green OK tick will plot the new position.
Split Distance
This allows a line to be split into pieces. The toolbox will either display in its minimised form
Or as a normal toolbox.
After Snapping onto the beginning and end nodes (which must already be on the map) the user will be asked to select the type of division wanted.
The interval can be measured horizontally (ignoring the slope) or over the true distance, but the most commonly used selection is to split the line into equal sections.
Total Station
This allows data to be collected with a Total Station. This Method does not appear on the Method section of the main menu but is instead always available on the Instrument Bar at the bottom of the screen. Please see Chapter 4 Collecting Data With a Total Station
Resection
This involves measuring a position by angles and distances to other positions with a Total Station. Please see Chapter 4 Collecting Data With a Total Station
GPS
This allows data collection with a GPS system. This Method does not appear on the Method section of the main menu but is instead always available on the Instrument Bar at the bottom of the screen Please See Chapter 3 Collecting Data with a GPS
Using Construction Methods

Construction methods are effectively Lines of Sight, Intersections and COGO functionality combined in an easy to use way to get positions that are difficult to access. Construction Methods are extremely useful for use with GPS but can also be used in conjunction with other methods. For Example imagine a corner of a building where there is an overhang all the way around the building. This makes it difficult for GPS to get the corner position.
By stepping away from the building the user can take GPS positions along the line of sight of the wall but still be away from the building. By using 4 GPS points to make 2 construction lines the inaccessible position can be surveyed.
Construction Lines can be not only lines but circles as well. They mostly are used running parallel to existing lines, or lines of sight, but circles are also used to plot intersections of lines and circles.
Many of the Construction objects have multiple placements. For example an offset construction line can be 3 meters to the left or right of the original line.
Layer Information
While collecting data it is helpful to remember that all items being collected are going into the current layer. The current layer is either visible in the Layer Bar or it is visible on the end of the Instrument bar at the bottom of the screen.
Press the Layer button from the Button bar
to bring the Layer toolbox onto the screen.
On the Layer toolbox the current Layer can be selected from a pull-down list. Please press the pull down list button choose from. to scroll through all the current layers available to
Pressing the Expand toolbox button will expand the toolbox so that the Colour, line styles, and line thickness can be changed. This is also where new layers can be added.
The Layers toolbox displays all of the current layers and their various colours and parameters. The currently selected layer is the layer that all new graphics items are going into. For example in the above settings all new Polylines collected would go into the layer Building Outline. Exercise repeat the first lesson with inputting data using the free node methods but experiment with changing layers and their properties.
Collecting data with Codes and Comments

Penmap contains a complete point numbering and coding system.
Pressing the Coding Button the screen.
on the instrument bar will bring the Point Numbering bar onto
Point Numbering and Commenting

The point number box is displayed to the left of the bar.
This will always display the current point number. This number will increase as the survey progresses. Touching the Pen to the number itself will bring up the Pending Node Data window. Here a comment can be added. By changing the text in the comment line. The Comment will remain on every point until the text is removed. The Point number can be changed by clicking on the point number itself. The point numbers will start incrementing automatically from whichever point number you select. The Show Node Level checkbox displays the level of the node next to it. This can be turned on or off. Press OK to exit the toolbox.
Pressing the Code Comment Toggle Button on the Code Bar will toggle the display back and forth from displaying the point number and the comment.
The comment can be changed by typing directly into the comment when it is displayed on the Code Bar.
Collecting data with Codes and Comments 40
Starting the Coding System

On the right hand side of the Point Numbering Bar there is a button marked Coding. is pressed a series of buttons will appear in its place. When this
will add or delete codes from the current list. A surveyor The Add Delete Codes button might have hundreds of codes but only use a few for his current site. This provides a way of reducing the list.
Pressing the Show/hide current codes button will display the Coding Strip on the right hand side of the screen. The code strip has all of the current codes.
Collecting Data with Codes

Once the Coding bar is on the right hand side of the screen you are ready to start gathering data. The Code system can be changed by the user and the setting up of code tables is detailed in the Penmap GIS user guide. For the moment we shall explain the default Code list. Codes can perform a variety of tasks, they can start putting down different graphics, in different layers, and even make symbols different sizes. The default Code list will look as follows.
The codes in the list are the Favourites which are commonly used. They are a subset of the full list of codes.
If the code you want is missing then press the Add Delete Code button a new code to the list.
to add
In the case of this default code set the first three codes are F Fence, K Kerb, and B Building
If the F code is pressed it will be highlighted Green. This means that the code is active.
Notice how the current code F is displayed on the bottom bar along with its name Fence. Now select a method and survey the first point of your fence. The method could have been selected before the code was selected; for example the GPS could have been running. But the important thing is that the Code is selected and then the method is completed, for GPS this would mean pressing the Accept button.
For the purposes of demonstrating the system select the Free Node Method record positions by drawing on the screen.
, this lets you
Since F is now selected dot a point on the screen and then a second and third point.
Notice that three more buttons have appeared at the top of the Coding bar. They are
Undo - Undo most recent node Close Polyline - Will end the fence by closing the line back onto the first point surveyed. End Polyline - this will end the fence at its last position. When the Fence has been completed by pressing either END or CLOSE polyline buttons the fence will change to the colour defined in the layer toolbox and it will end. Then you can press F again to collect another fence or another code. Multiple Codes can be open and running at the same time. For example an F code and a B code can be collected at the same time. You can switch between the codes at any time by pressing the F or B buttons. Symbols or Point codes require just a single point and can be coded just by pressing the Code and performing the method. There is no End needed for these codes.
Workbook 3 Collecting Data with a GPS
Preparing for Use

Differential GPS works by having two GPS receivers; a base station and a rover. The base station sits on a known position and broadcasts correction information (via digital radio or GSM) to the rover receiver. These corrections allow the surveyor using the rover to achieve very accurate results. In many ways using GPS is similar to using a Total Station, the Total station measures offsets from the Instrument to the prism, and the GPS is effectively doing the same thing from the Base GPS to the Rover. The major difference between the two is that the Total Station can work on any co-ordinate system, but the GPS must work in a system that can be transformed into WGS84 co-ordinates. This transformation is handled by Penmap automatically.
Setting up a GPS
Select File => Properties from the main menu The Properties window will then appear on the screen. This contains all of the settings for most of Penmap. Including GPS and Total Station settings. On the bottom of the window are three buttons.
These are the GPS, Total Station, and Distance Meter setup. Now press the GPS setup button
Workbook 3 Collecting Data with a GPS 45
Select the type of GPS Device being used. If you are using a differential or RTK type of GPS then you will need to select both a Rover and a Base unit. In this instance we will assume that you are using a simple Bluetooth type of handheld GPS so you will only need to set the Rover GPS Device. These handheld units would use the NMEA ( comms configurable ) interface. Pressing the Tab labelled Preset will allow you to set the coordinate system to be used - in the case of someone in the United Kingdom - UK Ordnance Survey. Different countries having their own systems. Then return to the main menu by exiting the Properties window by clicking OK. Setup is now completed and you can start collecting data.
Collecting Data
Collecting positions via GPS is done with the GPS method, which can be accessed by pressing the GPS icon on the Instrument bar.
1) Select the GPS method. This will bring the GPS data collection toolbox onto the screen. (You close it by clicking on the GPS icon again) The above toolbox is the shortened default variant of the toolbox; this contains all of the data most commonly needed to collect GPS data.
Satellite count Show used satellites for current position. Data indicator - Movement indicates shows data coming from the receiver. Quality - Shows the current 3D RMS value, or PDOP. Differential Status - Shows the current status for the correction being used. The bars stand for Uncorrected, Differentially Corrected, Floating Ambiguities, and Fixed Ambiguities. Shortcut - Expands the GPs toolbox with buttons to give access to all pages.
The Shortcuts page of the GPS toolbox looks like this:
Each of the above buttons leads to a page of options for the GPS. We want to go to the Main page. This can be done by pressing Main.
If the GPS toolbox is in its Normal state, press the Shortcut button then click on the Main button.
This page contains all of the results of the GPS including position in both local and world coordinates along with the UTC Time. It also has the selector for the different modes of data collection
Normal Mode is the default setting, this means whenever the Accept button is pressed the next position to come from the GPS will be logged. For the purposes of your first try at GPS data collection it is best to leave the system in Normal mode. Log All Mode will log every reading from the GPS. Minimum Distance means that data is recorded whenever the user has moved a minimum distance from the last recorded data point. For example If the user is recording a road and the minimum distance value is 4 meters then a data point will be recorded every four meters as the user walks down the road. The Minimum Distance value can be set by pressing the button and then the Advanced tab. Quick
Before beginning to collect data check the status of the GPS by checking the Differential Status box. If you are working in uncorrected mode then this doesnt matter and you can just go on and collect data. Pressing the Accept button will collect the current position. Change the Graphics item to draw polylines, curves, etc. If Differential GPS or RTK GPS ( Fixed Ambiguities) is being used then checking the Differential Status Box is critical. The most important information contained in the Status box is the current state of the receiver. The two key messages are GPS Fix available and GPS Differential Fix available. If it says GPS fix available and not GPS Differential Fix available then the system is not working in differential mode. There are several possible causes of why you might not get a differential fix Sometimes the receiver can take up to 10 minutes to synchronise with the base station so allow sufficient time. The base station might not be setup correctly. Check the digital radios to see if they are broadcasting. Most radios have an indicator to show that they are broadcasting or receiving. You must have at least 4 satellites visible and in some cases 5 are necessary. Is the base station near any buildings or anything else that might block the signals? Select Satellite and Sat Map for more info about satellites. NOTE you can toggle between these buttons by hiding and/or clicking on buttons. As mentioned before they have a dual purpose accessing further forms and displaying status by way of changing colour. Check all cables and connections Once a GPS differential fix is available you are ready to collect data. If an RTK GPS is being used then after getting a Differential fix it will move to floating Ambiguities and then Fixed Ambiguities.
Workbook 4 Collecting Data with a Total Station
Preparing for use

A Total Station effectively measures offsets from one position to another. It does this by measuring the Horizontal and Vertical angle from the instrument position to the target along with the distance. So before any data can be collected the position of the instrument must be entered. This position must be on the Penmap screen before surveying can begin. Start Penmap using the default configuration and do not load any survey data. In this case we will be entering the coordinates manually.
Selecting the Total Station and setting up communications

Select File => Properties from the main menu
The Properties window will then appear on the screen. This contains all of the settings for most of Penmap. Including GPS and Total Station settings. On the bottom of the window are three buttons. These are the GPS, Total Station, Distance Meter setup. Press the Total Station button This will bring the Instrument Setup window
Workbook 4 Collecting Data with a Total Station 49
This is the Instrument Setup window.
On this window select the type of instrument you are using from the drop down list. Then Check the Communication settings.
Most of these settings Baud Rate, Data Bits and so forth should have be automatically set to the default settings for the instrument that you have selected. Important: The Com Port number is dependent on the type of computer you are using. Also note that if you are using a Bluetooth connection then the Bluetooth checkbox must be selected.
Press OK to exit the Primary connection window, then press OK to exit the Instrument Setup window. Finally return to the main menu by exiting the Properties window by pressing OK
Entering the permanent station

Usually when a surveyor is using Penmap there is a map or plan on the screen and the instrument is set up on a point on the plan. If there is not a plan then the surveyor is starting with a clean sheet, which requires some co-ordinates to be entered first. The next section covers both these cases.
Entering Co-ordinates manually for instrument setup

Manual - Step 5.1 Select Graphic Permanent Station A permanent Station is a point to put the instrument on. The Permanent Station toolbox will now appear on the screen.
Step 5.2 Enter the name of the Station in the Text box. Station 1 will do. (Click in box and use keyboard item on screen if desired) Step 5.3 Select Method Free node : this will allow you to enter the co-ordinates of at least one station.
Step 5.4 Press the Enter ENL button and you will be asked to enter the Eastings , Northings, and Level via a popup keypad. Enter station co-ordinates for example, E = 1000, N = 1000, L = 100 . This requirement of having at least one co-ordinate on the screen before using a Total Station cannot be circumvented.
In this case the above will now appear on the screen. Sep 5.5 Now enter another station position ( E=1000 , N=1025 , L=100) and name it Station 2 Please exit both the Permanent Station and Free node toolboxes then zoom in so that you can see both stations.
Turning On the Total Station

Before you can collect any data from the Total Station it must be turned on both in terms of hardware and also in software. On the Instrument bar in the Penmap software press the Instrument On/Off button the instrument ON to turn
This is very important as no communication with the instrument can be done unless this is done.
Setting Up on a known position

A known position is defined as any position that is represented on the Penmap screen. This position could have been entered with the keypad or read in from a file. You must have data on your screen first. Step 5.1 Placing a total station on a known position is done by using the resection toolbox. Go to main menu bar and select Method - Resection
Press the Add Fixed button to enter the instrument position (Fixed point) Step 5.2 The screen will now clear and the system will wait until you touch the screen where you want to snap Station 1 to. When you touch the point The Fixed point toolbox will appear.
Note that the co-ordinates of Station 1 in this case (1000,1000) are automatically entered into the fields. Assuming this is correct point Press Main to return to the main resection toolbox. Step 5.3 Now press the Add Ob button on the main resection toolbox to be able to add an observation point. The screen will clear again and wait for you to snap the pen to the Station 2 position. Then the Add Observation toolbox will appear on the screen.
Notice that the Co-ordinate of Station 2 has automatically been entered. Make sure that your instrument is setup on the Fixed point and point it at the Observation point. Step 5.4 You now need to fire the instrument at the observation point. Your instrument currently knows where it is but not the orientation ie north south. You now need to select a 2nd known point. To do this, all you need is the angle. Press the Fire Tab at the top of the screen.
This section of the toolbox allows you to fire the instrument at the Observation point. All = Distance and Angle needs and needs the prism on second point A = Angle only no prism needed D = Distance only to corner building However this is accurate measurement and the size of the prism approx 4/3 cm sq centre of prism will affect the result so additional measurements are needed with prism in different positions. Ang = Angle only with zero distance Clear : start again F/B = Forward Backward L/R = Left and Right Please Press the ALL button to fire the instrument, or if you are using a keypad instrument then you will be given a toolbox to enter the observations manually.
Please note that the angles and distances have been entered into the toolbox. Press Accept to return to the main resection menu. The instrument is now setup on Station 1 with Station 2 as a backsight ( RO - Reference Object) You are now ready to collect data.
Collecting Data with a Total Station

Once the instrument has been setup, data can be collected using the Total Station Method Step 6 Select Graphic and then for example, - Line , so that you can start drawing with the Total Station. Point the instrument at the prism and press the fire button on the Total Station of the instrument bar at the bottom of the Penmap screen.
A node should now appear on the screen. Move the prism and fire again. Another node should now appear and a line should draw between them. As you move around you can change graphic types and layers as mentioned previously. Setting the layer properties for line width and colour etc.. If more advanced Total station functions are needed then Total Station can be accessed from the Total Station method from the main menu.
From this toolbox you may offset the distances and the angles along with having a variety of other options.
Resection (or Free Stationing)

A previous section describes how to setup an instrument on a known point. In this section we will learn how to setup on an unknown point by doing a resection ( also called Free Station) .
In order to setup an instrument on an unknown position the user must have several known positions within sight of the instrument on the unknown position. The first step is to setup the instrument on the desired unknown position, making sure that from that position several known positions are visible. These known positions should be visible as nodes (previously entered) (graphic permanent station method free enter EML as before ) on the Penmap screen before starting the resection. Step 1 Select Method Resection. When the Method is set to resection the resection toolbox will appear.
This toolbox is exactly the same as we used to setup the instrument on the known point. Step 2 For a Resection we do not have a known point to set the instrument on so we use the Add Obs button to add observations Make sure that all the known points that you will be taking observations to are displayed on the Penmap screen. If not then use Zoom functions to make sure that they are and then restart resection. Press Add Obs The screen will now clear and wait for you to select the observation point. This is done by touching the pen to the point on the screen.
Step 3 When the Add Obs toolbox has appeared press the Fire tab at the top of the toolbox.
Press the ALL button to fire the instrument. This should load all the observations into the H,V,D fields. Step 4 Press Accept to return to the main Resection menu. Step 5 Repeat the process by pressing the Add Obs button. To do a resection you must have at least 3 observations.
Now for more advanced stuff!!!
Robotic Control
If the Total Station being used is a Robotic Total Station then there are several additional functions that might be of use. With a Robotic total station, the user with Penmap is at the Prism, and all of the instrument functionality is available through a radio link. The Instrument will track the user's prism as it moves about but frequently is will loose the prism. When this happens the user can select the Instrument Control option under Misc and this will bring the Instrument Control toolbox onto the screen. Touching the screen will cause the instrument to turn and point to that position on the ground and look for the prism. The toolbox also has vertical controls for the vertical angle.
Using Base Mapping
Basemaps are maps that form a backdrop to your survey. Usually they cover large areas with many map sheets, and can be used multiple times for different projects in those areas. Surveying and Data collection can be done on top of the basemap but data that is exported is only the data that has been surveyed. Basemaps come in two different types with many different formats for each. The are Raster Basemaps and Vector basemaps. Raster Basemaps are images, usually paper maps that have been scanned or aerial or satellite imagery. Vector basemaps are line drawings or CAD files. In both cases Penmap will allow large areas of Basemapping to be entered and used on a variety of platforms.
Raster Basemaps
Raster Basemaps usually come in two different formats. TIFF and JPG. These are the same formats as most images from digital cameras but for mapping the images are much larger. With Raster maps there are actually two files needed for each mapsheet. One is the image itself and is usually has a suffix of TIF or JPG, but the other is called a world file. The world files will have a suffix of TFW or JPW. The world files contain the coordinates of the image and allow Penmap to place the maps in the correct position. To use Raster mapping you must have worldfiles. To allow Penmap to use these large files on a PDA or Mobile phone the Raster files must be converted to Mosaic files. Penmap then reads the Mosaic files.
Using Base Mapping 58
Converting Raster Basemaps

Conversion of sheets for use in Penmap is done in MAPTILER.EXE. When this program is started the following screen will appear.
There are two modes. Express and Advanced. Express mode just converts one sheet and advanced mode allows for the conversion of groups.
Loading Raster Basemaps

Raster basemaps *Mosaic Files are loaded in the Table of contents. This can be dome by pressing the TOC button on the main button bar press the Load Mosaic button . . Then once the TOC is on the screen
Then select the Mosaic file from the disk. The Raster basemap image will appear on the screen.
Vector Basemaps
Vector basemaps normally come in two different types. DXF files and Shape Files. There can be many of each to form a basemap of the area needed. For example if the user is working in a large city then he might have 100s of DXF files, each covering one square kilometre. When these files are converted for use in Penmap they will all be pasted together in one large seamless set of data.
Converting Vector Basemaps

Before converting a set of maps the user must create a subdirectory on his PC to contain all of the map sheets. If the sheets are DXF files then there should only be the DXF files that should be loaded in that directory. To convert vector maps select Misc=>Background mapping from the main menu. Sets of map sheets have names. Before loading a set the user must give that set its name by pressing the New Mapset button.
After entering the name the Mapset name will appear on the toolbox and then the user must select the type of files to convert. Then the Convert DXF or Convert SHP should be pressed to select the directory containing the map sheets. Please note that it is the directory containing the sheets that is selected and not the files themselves. Once the directory is selected then the sheets will be converted and the file sheets will be displayed on the screen. When Basemaps have been converted they have been changed to the IBF format. This is a special format that uses Integer mathmatics to draw the maps as fast as possible.
Once the maps have been converted the IBF files can be used again and again without having to reconvert.
Loading Vector Basemaps

If a set of vector maps has been converted then it can be loaded again by selecting MISC=>BackgroundMaps then selecting the group name.
Setting Out and Navigation
This is for any user who needs to find positions on the ground that has coordinates of or that exist on, plans and maps that have been loaded onto the system. Lets say for example, you need to go to a specific point on Penmap, How do you know which direction to go and how do you know when you are there?
Step 1 When Setting out is first selected the icon in the button bar that looks like a target. Penmap will present you with the above toolbox. Fill in as appropriate making sure you state if you are using a GPS or a Total Station and whether you wish to set out to a point or a line. Then press OK ( Green check) It will wait for you to select the point on the screen that you want to navigate to..
Setting Out and Navigation 62
Initially the Setting out Main Menu will appear on the screen. Pressing the Tabs (little arrows) will bring up various sub menus. Step 2 Horizontal Map displays the Horizontal Map.
The desired point is at the centre of the target and the Green circle cursor shows your current position relative to the desired point. This moves as you do. Step 3 The direction North is always towards the top of the screen. Align this with true north by pointing the station with Penmap in the appropriate direction. Using this graph it is possible to navigate easily so that the Green cursor (ie your current position) is in the centre of the target. NB The outer circle has the radius of that circle written on it. As the user gets the Green cursor closer to the target the circle will change scales. If this does not happen then the user must select the set up tab and check the Auto Zoom checkbox.
The Vertical map shows the level difference.
GPS with Post Processing
Post Processing is a means of collecting GPS data from the Rover unit and a Base unit, then at a later time these data sets are combined to give the users very high accuracy. Normally when a Penmap user is doing a high accuracy survey Penmap will be working in Real Time. This means that there is a communication connection between the Base GPS and the Rover GPS. This can be done via Digital Radios, GSM phones, or GPRS data links. However there are times when these connections might not work or they are more expensive than working with a Post Processing system
Setting up the Base for Post Processing
Setup the Base station on a point Select File from the main menu, then Properties Then select the GPS Icon on the lower left. Select Penmap Base (Post Proc. Only)
GPS with Post Processing 65
Then click on GPS config. Button and go to PP tab.
After saving your config, to start it going just press the GPS button on the control strip. As with setting up a normal real time base station use the 1,2, & 3 steps to position the base. Once the base position has been positioned the post-processing file will automatically be output. Destination depends on hardware. On a PC it will be placed in the My Documents folder, on a PDA it will be placed on the root of the storage card if found, or else it will be placed in the My documents directory. New file is produced whenever the GPS is restarted, name will be something like 17 November 2006_19_26.ppf
Setting up the Rover for Post Processing

Rover. Select Penmap Rover Mk. 2
Then click on GPS config. Button and go to PP tab.
Again you should consult with your supplier about which of these output logs to use, and again if you are not careful the 38400 baud may be insufficient. After saving your config, to start it going just press the GPS button on the control strip. When the GPS has got a position, go the the link page and click on the PP radio button..
PP file will be saved in same way as Base file
Correcting the Post Processing Data
Transferring data to and from other systems
Penmap is designed to be a data collection and editing system. This makes operating with other, usually desktop, system crucial. Penmap is always supplied with a free copy of Penmap Office to make loading and translating of data easier. Please make sure that Penmap Office is installed on your Office PC. Step 1 To Export the data to a wide variety of formats the data must first be exported as a Penmap Universal file. (UNV) To do this select File => Export => Universal From the main menu. Then give the file a name. The transfer the file to your desktop machine and start Penmap Office. On the Office Machine select File => Import => Universal The file will now import and it will be displayed on your screen. You can now edit in Penmap Office and export as DXF, DGN or a wide variety of other formats.
Transferring data to and from other systems 69
Making a 3D model (DTM or TIN)
Penmap has the ability to create a 3D contour drawing out of 3 dimensional data points.
Most of the settings are automatically defined and a simple contour maps can be on the screen with just a single button press.
Data Limits
The Penmap DTM system will automatically remove any points from a DTM that fall into the following categories The Level (Z coord) is at 0 The Level is below 300 The Level is above 30,000 The point will be removed if there has already been another point added at that X,Y coordinate. When the DTM is made the data will be scanned for these criteria.
Making a 3D model (DTM or TIN) 70
The total number of points possible is defined by the amount of available memory and the speed of the processor. It is recommended not to exceed 20,000 data points. Initially the contour increment will be set to 1 meter but this can be redefined later.
Making a DTM
Once the user has 3 dimensional data on the screen all that must be done is for the user to press the DTM regenerate button.
On the main button bar. Penmap will then start scanning the data and triangulating the DTM. When it has finished the DTM will draw on the screen.
Setting the Properties

In the Properties window there is a Tab for changing the DTM settings.
The most commonly changed setting is the increment value. This can be changed from 1 meter (its default value) to any other positive number. The Triangles Enabled checkbox will draw the triangles that make up the DTM.
Making a 3D model (DTM or TIN) 71
The Start Refresh DTM button will regenerate the DTM with the new settings. It is the same as pressing the DTM regenerate button.
on the main button bar.
Advanced GPS Functionality
Display Configuration
This is available under the Options on the main menu or on the Button bar. This is where Node display and the Grid can be turned on or off, which is needed relatively often.
The best place for a new user to start is to open a new site in Penmap (File New) and try drawing (Method Free Node) all of the different Graphics on the screen.
Advanced GPS Functionality 72
Understanding the GPS Control Toolbox
When the GPS is first Started by pressing the the GPS control toolbox will appear on the screen.
GPS method button on the lower toolbar,
This toolbox contains all the functions necessary to operate the GPS but many of the less commonly used functions are hidden. Visible on the screen are the following items
Status box - This tells the state of the GPS. In this case it tells us that we have a Differentially corrected position. Other possible messages are
Fixed - The most basic GPS position with no correction
Differential Fix - This is a fix with differential correction.
Floating Ambiguities The GPS is in the process of computing a very accurate RTK position.
Fixed Ambiguities - The most accurate position available.
The Data window In the display shows that data is being received from the receiver. The Blue bar will cycle across the bar as data is received.
The GPS Satellite window displays the number of satellites currently available. If more than 8 Satellites are available it will only display to 8. A simple code only GPS will need at least 4 satellites and an RTK GPS will need at least 5 but more is preferred.
and The Minimise button on the upper left and the Hide button will minimise the GPS control toolbox. This is particularly useful as the toolbox does take up screen space. It minimises to a box with GPS on and is located at the bottom of the survey area. This can be restored by clicking on the GPS box.
The Quick button will expand the main GPS toolbox and present the user with buttons to quickly get to all of the GPS functions.
Main
The Main GPS page displays the current coordinate in either Easting, Northing, and Level, or the Local System, or in WGS84. This page also allows the selection of the type of data collection. Normal Mode Log All Mode Minimum Distance
Polyline Verify Node Verify Type A Verify Type B Verify Ave Verify Type A Ave Verify Type B Ave
Qual - Quality
The Quality page displays the Fix type and the DOP values. The minimum DOP values can be set and then Penmap will not allow data to be collected unless the DOPs are less than the values specified.
Link
The Link page defines the means of linking to the base station. Radio, GSM, or Ntrip can be used. If using GSM then once a phone number has been selected by pressing the phonebook button the Dial button will become active. Pressing dial will dial the GSM phone on the rover. and make the connection.
Max Age is the maximum age of the corrected data that will be allowed to be used in the calculation of the position. Explain.
Opts-Options
Displays options for various receivers. In this case the checkbox allows the user to set the receiver into Static Mode. If unchecked then it is in Roaming mode.
Sats. Satellites
Displays the current satellites, their number and the various data relating to each one. The elevation mask tells the receiver to ignore any satellite below a certain elevation in the sky and can be changed via the pull down box on this menu.
Map
The Map page shows the positions of the GPS satellites in the sky. Satellites whose positions get closer to the centre of the circle are higher in the sky. Signal strength is also displayed in by the bar next to each satellite on the page.
Parms - Parameters
Displays a variety of parameters used by the GPS. Such as the transformations used and so forth.
Speed
Displays the speed and direction of the receiver on the ground.
Speed 2
Displays the speed and direction of the receiver on the ground graphically.
Model
Displays the Model and Type of GPS used.
ADV
This toolbox allows the setting of the minimum distance while collecting positions by using the minimum distance method. The GPS collection method is set on the main page of the GPS toolbox.
Phonebook
When using a GSM connection to the base this allows the user to select the phone number to use. The phone numbers can be selected from the pull down list. If a new phone number needs to be added then close Penmap and open the sub directory Configfiles from the Penmap sub directory.
Then double click on Penmap.net.phone. A list of phone number should appear on the screen.
ASCOS 020128982 AT+CBST=71,0,1 Virgin SIM 07941205604 AT+CBST=71,0,1 My Own 82 Number 07717200182 AT+CBST=71,0,1 My Own 83 Number
Then add your number to this list. Please remember to put your name on the line about the number and the AT command line on the line below Then exit the file by pressing the X at the top right of the editor. It will now ask if the file should be saved in Word format. The answer is NO. It is a txt file.
Diag
The Diagnostics page is used to check the data coming from the GPS receiver. This is generally used with the assistance of the dealer and distributor to diagnose any problems with the receiver. There are several types of output available Outline, Normal Detailed.
Ref Stn
This is where the GPS receiver that is currently connected to Penmap can be turned into a base station for a Rover GPS. Please look at the following section on how to setup a base station.
Setting Up a base station

Select File => Properties from the main menu
The Properties window will then appear on the screen. This contains all of the settings for most of Penmap. Including GPS and Total Station settings.
On the bottom of the window are two buttons. Station setup.
These are the GPS and Total
Now press the GPS setup button
You will see this
Step 1 Check that the GPS Config window looks like this
Make sure that the GSM to GPS Comm port is set to COM2. This is the internal GPS port and has nothing to do with the COM ports on the instruments. Please note the GPS toolbox for base stations and rovers are slightly different.
On the left of the toolbox are buttons numbered 1,2, 3. These control the setup of the base.
Step 2 Set the Antenna Height
Please enter the Antenna height by pressing the Antenna height button. Step 3 2 Sets the type and frequency of correction sent
Please select the type of corrections to send. In most cases select RTCM2021 and a Transmission interval of 2 Sec. Step 4 3 Selects the method for setting up the base.
There are five possible options for placing a base station.
Pick Node from Survey

Use this If there is a survey already on the screen and it is in the coordinate system that the GPS has been set to.
For example if working in England and the GPS preset is UK Ordnance Survey then the survey should be in Ordnance Survey Coordinates. Then select By Selection from survey and then press OK. The user will then be prompted to touch the screen at the position for the base station. Penmap will snap onto the nearest coordinate and set up the base station for that position.
Enter Position
Another means is to enter the position in Latitude and Longitude by either degrees minutes and seconds, or decimal degrees.
Average Position
The last method is to position the base station by averaging it position from GPS readings. This is the least accurate but is an easy way to learn and probably the best place to start. When one of the three times are selected the system will go off and average. NOTHING will be displayed on the screen while this is happening.
After a base station has been positioned Penmap should be immediately disconnected from the base station. This is because some GPS receivers will stop operating as a base if the user tries to collect data with the base.
When it has finished a window saying Reference Station Operational will appear on the screen.
Calibration What to do if the map is WRONG?
Frequently when using a GPS system the condition exists where the GPS is accurate but the map is incorrect. The problem is that frequently the user wants the data to fit the map even if the map is incorrect.. The simplest way to fix this problem is to setup the base station on a coordinate that is on the map. The Error in the map is then effectively transferred to the GPS and will carry through to the Rover positions. However sometimes this is not possible so the alternative is to Calibrate the GPS. Basically this involves going to a position that is clearly visible on the map. Standing on that position with a GPS. There will be a difference between where the user is standing on the map and where the GPS thinks the user is. Calibration will move the GPS cursor so that it agrees with the map position. In order to Calibrate the user must have a map or plan on the screen with a point nearby clearly visible, he must also have the GPS active and running.
Make sure that the GPS is turned on and the GPS toolbox is on the screen. Select Methods GPS calibration from the main menu
Press the new Button to start a new calibration. You will be asked if you really want to start a new session. The number of this session will be 1. Then Press Add Calibration point. This must be a point where you are standing with the GPS and the point must also be on the map. The toolbox will then be on the screen with the Control ENL Tab showing. This is where you select the map point.
Select the point on the map that corresponds to the one that you are standing on with the GPS. Do this by pressing the SNAP button and then touching the pen to the point on the map.
The coordinate will then automatically be entered. Now press the Control LLA tab. This is where you get the current GPS position for the point.
Place the receiver on the point and press select.
The current coordinate will then automatically be filled in.
Then press the Control Status Tab Followed by the Accept Ob button. Now you will be back at the main Calibration menu.
Select the Type as Adjusted Plane. This means that every GPS position will be corrected by the same distance. If the Status does not say Calibration Successful then press the Recalculate button. Press the OK button to exit. The GPS cursor should have moved to the new (and correct ) map position even if that map position is Incorrect
Using Penmap with VRS and NTRIP

Using penmap.net and Penmap GPS Lite (Gold case) and a VRS network is very simple once all of the parameters have been setup. In the case of this example we will be using Leica SmartNet NTRIP via O2 GPRS service. This is the route through the GPS setup (primary com port will be different!)
Enter NTRIP password..
Back to
IThe GPRS service presets so you have to enter this by hand like this
Within penmap.nets GPS toolbox it will look like this
You then have to click on the Use NTRIP radio button to get this
Then click Dial and it should go through a sequence which ends like this
When penmap.net has finally received at least 200 bytes of incoming correction data it will switch back to this with a Green light to indicate data is being received
If you move to the Data tab, then after a short time it should go like this
Then finally hopefully like this
Please note that when you use the Hang-up button to disconnect from the correction source, the quality will still indicate Fixed Ambiguities until the corrections age increases to 60 seconds, this is a Novatel firmware feature and nothing to do with penmap.net.
Coordinate Systems, Projections, Geoids and how to set them
To Use GPS if different parts of the world Penmap will need to know which coordinate system is needed. For example in England there is a very different coordinate systems from Germany. Generally each country will have one official system and if the country is large then it might have several for different areas.
Setting up your Coordinate System.

In the GPS Setup window ( File => Properties => GPS Icon ) The user can select a variety of presets for working in various parts of the world. GPS receivers work in Latitude and Longitude, usually in a coordinate system called WGS84, but surveyors need to work in a planar system of coordinates ( XYZ, Eastings Northings and Level ) The Penmap system of projections will allow you to setup this conversion between WGS84 and the local coordinate system.
Coordinate Systems, Projections, Geoids and how to set them 98
Search the list of Presets and find your country or area and then select. This will automatically enter all the variables into Penmap to work in that area. If the Info button is pressed then the complete list of variables can be displayed. If your area is not on the list then it can easily be added by setting up a custom Preset.
Setting up Custom Projection Presets
In the stock subdirectory there is a file called Penmap.net.projpres.txt this file contains all of the presets for different parts of the world. It is a text file and can be opened by double clicking on it from windows explorer.
The first portion of the file contains instructions on how to set various variables in the file. Header begins
The
HEADER: VERSION: * * * *
PENMAP PROJECTION PRESET DATA 2.04
************************************************************************ PROJPRES.TXT (Do not change this name except to make backups)
*----------------------------------------*HEADER: * *HEADER: *VERSION: PENMAP PROJECTION PRESET DATA This version number tells Penmap what to expect in the way of *----------------------------------------* transformations and data constants. *----------------------------------------*PROJSTART: -{Description}* This heralds the start of a new definition of a projection preset * The description data refers to how it is to be listed in Penmap * Normally this would be a country/state/zone description like: * USA COLORADO CENTRAL *----------------------------------------*PROJEND: * This terminates the definition of an already started Projection * preset. If an error in reading the definition has occured or there * is insufficient data for that type of transformation, the projection * preset will be ignored but reported the GPS Setup toolbox is opened * within Penmap *----------------------------------------*#HELPSTART *TYPE: -{Key{see below}}* This describes the mapping projection * type used for this preset. The data is * case-insensitive and valid types for * this version are: * Key Type This is a check within Penmap to distinguish the file from other TXT * extension files. It MUST the first line in the file.It should read
* TM * OMS * * UTM * LC1 * LC2 * SG * CEA * * LCL * AEA * RSO * *
TRANSVERSE MERCATOR OBLIQUE MERCATOR (SWISS VARIANT) UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR LAMBERT CONFORMAL ONE PARALLEL LAMBERT CONFORMAL TWO PARALLEL STEREOGRAPHIC CYLINDRICAL EQUAL AREA (TRANSVERSE) (PARAMTERS AS TM) Local coordinate system ALBERS EQUAL AREA OBLIQUE MERCATOR (MALAYSIAN VARIANT)
* TOPO TOPOCENTRIC
* Note: Each type has its own data * requirement. For instance UTM requires * only ZONE and SEGMENT data to be * defined in its projection preset. * * The TYPE label must immediately follow * PROJSTART
Further down the file are the individual country and state listing
Standard Example Preset

For Example Sweden is ************************************************************************* PROJSTART: TYPE: CML: OL: SF: FE: TM 015 48 29.8 E 000 00 00.0000 N 1.0 1500000 Sweden (Bursa Wolf)
FN: UN: SPH: PROJEND:
0 M Bursa Wolf
************************************************************************* This contains all of the parameters necessary to get Swedish coordinates from Penmap. The instructions to each one is in the header of the file.
Setting up a Preset from a list of coordinates

Sometimes if you are working in a new area or perhaps on a large construction site or mine. Then the site will have its own coordinate system. Penmap caters for this by allowing you to enter a list of coordinates in both WGS84 and the local system, Penmap will then take this and calculate the system for you. What is needed is at least 5 positions that each have known values for both WGS84 and Local Coordinates. These numbers are then put into the Projpres file and become a preset. For Example the following is an example from a very large Gold mine. ************************************************************************* PROJSTART: TYPE: LCL Gold Mine, Inc.
COORD: 13415.759,11412.058,6215.566,32 38 34.053723 N,108 21 50.93233 W,1870.3089,0 COORD: 14039.526,12845.783,6193.146,32 38 48.138111 N,108 21 43.38036 W,1863.4795,0 COORD: 9678.301,9491.109,6398.160,32 38 15.625891 N,108 22 34.96822 W,1925.9516,0 COORD: 17359.034,3436.991,6266.315,32 37 14.56982 N,108 21 06.29312 W,1885.7686,0 COORD: 26869.455,12612.344,6213.429,32 38 43.833897 N,108 19 13.43903 W,1869.6898,0 COORD: 5253.230,3806.570,6530.617,32 37 20.073899 N,108 23 27.70739 W,1966.3029,0 COORD: 13604.038,19577.120,5880.935,32 39 54.78053 N,108 21 47.25011 W,1768.3301,0 UN: SPH: UF WGS-84
PROJEND: ************************************************************************* These coordinates can be typed into the file and then the next time Penmap is started the new Preset will be in the list.
Putting in a UTM Grid.

UTM is a system that covers the whole world in segments and will be covered more fully in the next section. However as an example the UTM presets can be entered as follows ************************************************************************** PROJSTART: TYPE: ZONE: UN: SPH: PROJEND: ************************************************************************* PROJSTART: TYPE: ZONE: SEGMENT: UN: SPH: PROJEND: ************************************************************************* Both Algeria and Austrailia use UTM grids. Algeria does not need a segment reference since it is near the equator. M Australian (AGD84) 49 J Australia (UTM 49J) UTM 32 M Clarke 1880-Algeria Algeria UTM 32 UTM
UTM Coordinates work anywhere
The UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) system is a series of grids that cover the whole world. They will allow any user to work with GPS in a local coordinate system anywhere in the world. UTM longitude zone Simplified view of US UTM longitude zones.The UTM system divides the surface of the Earth between 80 S latitude and 84 N latitude into 60 zones, each 6 of longitude in width and centered over a meridian of longitude. Zones are numbered from 1 to 60. Zone 1 is bounded by longitude 180 to 174 W and is centered on the 177th West meridian. Zone numbering increases in an easterly direction. Each of the 60 longitude zones in the UTM system is based on a Transverse Mercator projection, which is capable of mapping a region of large north-south extent with a low amount of distortion. By using narrow zones of 6 (to 800km resp.) in width, and reducing the scale factor along the central meridian by only 0.0004 (to 0.9996, a reduction of 1:2500) the amount of distortion is held below 1 part in 1,000 inside each zone. Distortion of scale increases to 1.0010 at the outer zone boundaries along the equator. The secant projection in each zone creates two standard lines, or lines of true scale, located approximately 180 km on either side of, and approximately parallel to, the central meridian. The scale factor is less than 1 inside these lines and greater than 1 outside of these lines, but the overall distortion of scale inside the entire zone is minimized.
UTM latitude zone The UTM system segments each longitude zone into 20 latitude zones. Each latitude zone is 8 degrees high, and is lettered starting from "C" at 80 S, increasing up the English alphabet until "X", omitting the letters "I" and "O" (because of their similarity to the digits one and zero). The last latitude zone, "X", is extended an extra 4 degrees, so it ends at 84 N latitude, thus covering the northern most land on Earth. Latitude zones "A" and "B" do exist, as do zones "Y" and Z". They cover the western and eastern sides of the Antarctic and Arctic regions respectively. A convenient trick to remember is that the letter "N" is the first letter in the northern hemisphere, so any letter coming before "N" in the alphabet is in the southern hemisphere, and any letter "N" or after is in the northern hemisphere.
Notation Each grid square is referred to by the longitude zone number and the latitude zone character. The longitude zone is always written first, followed by the latitude zone. For example (see image, top right), a position in Toronto, Canada, would find itself in longitude zone 17 and latitude zone "T", thus the full reference is "17T".
UTM Zone World Map
Appendix 1 Setting up a Penmap GPS Lite System
The following workbook is an example of how to get a Penmap GPS system up and running quickly with Penmap.
Setting up Penmap GPS Lite Base by Averaging.
Turn the BASE GPS ON, Start the Penmap software. Wait for the green light on the base GPS to turn on!!! ( This is very important) Picture would be nice what green light?
Appendix 1 Setting up a Penmap GPS Lite System 108
Click on GPS config tab and Check that the GPS Config window looks like this
Make sure that the GSM to GPS Comm port is set to COM2. This is the internal GPS port and has nothing to do with the COM ports on the instruments.
Press the GPS method Button as below
The GPS toolbox will now appear
Now Press 1
Please enter the Antenna height by pressing the Antenna height button.
Press 2
Please select the type of corrections to send. In this case select RTCM2021 and a Transmission interval of 2 Sec. Now Press 3
Press Average position (3 5 Min)
NOW YOU MUST WAIT FOR 3 5 MINUTES !!!! DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING ON COMPUTER what computer how is it connected to stick? When it has finished it should say
Press OK Now walk away from the computer and do not touch.
Setting up the PenmapGPS Lite Rover
Take the ROVER and the Archer and DO NOT TURN ON YET Walk at least 40 meters away from the BASE position. Turn the Rover GPS ON Turn the Archer ON Start Penmap on the Archer
Just Check that the GPS Config window looks like this
Make sure that the GSM to GPS Comm port is set to COM2. This is the internal GPS port and has nothing to do with the COM ports on the instruments. Press OK and you should be back at the GPS Setup window. Now Check that the Phonebook is OK by pressing the Phonebook button
Make sure that the number of the SIM card that is in THE BASE is entered into the Phonebook editor. The ROVER will call the BASE so it needs to know the phone number in the BASE unit. Press OK and OK again to get the main screen.
Then Press Quick
Now press OPTS and check that the screen looks like this
Now Press Quick again Then Press Link Then Press Dial. Please note that there is a new and better way to enter the Phone numbers. Press Phonebook to put the number of the base in.
Now wait for at least 5 min and the message on the screen that said Uncorrected should change to Differentially Corrected, Floating Ambiguities, then finally Fixed Ambiguities. Then you are free to survey
Appendix 2 Using GPS Setup Utility
The Penmap GPS receivers have internal memory and when started can go through a series of commands on bootup. The GPS configuration utility allows the user to setup these commands. There are 3 basic options that GPS Config allows you to answer. Scan for which Com Port the GPS is on Setup the GPS to work as an Automatic Base Station. Reset the receiver to factory defaults. When GPS Config is started the following window appears.
Select the top end of the scan range. Sometimes with Bluetooth ports the Comm port can be given a very high number. If you are using Bluetooth then make sure Bluetooth is turned on in your Laptop, or the PDA. Also make sure that the GPS has been paired with your computer.
Appendix 2 Using GPS Setup Utility 116
Press Scan Comm 0 to .. to start the scan.
GPS Config will then scan through all the ports.
Then Select whether you are connecting via cable or via Bluetooth. Then press the Search for GPS button
The above screen will then appear. This shows us the serial number of the GPS, along with its current version of firmware. Pressing Next will bring the following screen up.
This is the main Selection menu.
Now we have the two main options. Clearing the GPS removes all commands from the unit and returns it to factory defaults. AutoBase is the setting for having the GPS set itself up as a base station each time it starts.
Clear GPS ( Factory Defaults)
When you press GO GPS config will go through the list of commands and show you the result.
Set For AutoBASE
An AutoBase is when the receiver has been setup to average its position for X number of minutes on power up. Then it will automatically set itself as a base station on the averaged position. There is no need to connect a computer to the Base for this to happen. It is fully Automatic.
The Port Tab contains all the functions necessary to setup the COM port for the outgoing corrections. The Autobase will work with both GSM and Radios, and both will be on COM 2. Remember that the Penmap GPS will automatically (on power up) detect the presence of Radios and disconnect COM2 from the GSM and connect it to the Radios. However the Key difference between the Radios and the GSM is that a GSM base requires CTS/RTS handshaking. This is the only difference.
The Average tab sets the time for it to average.
The Corrections tab sets the type of corrections.
Then you press the GO button and all of the commands will be loaded into the receiver.

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Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system

Workbook 2 Collecting Data in Layers

Collecting data with Codes and Comments

Workbook 3 Collecting Data with a GPS

Workbook 4 Collecting Data with a Total Station

Using Base Mapping

Setting Out and Navigation GPS with Post Processing

Advanced GPS Functionality

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Coordinate Systems, Projections, Geoids and how to set them

Appendix 1 Setting up a Penmap GPS Lite System

Appendix 2 Using GPS Setup Utility

Clear GPS ( Factory Defaults) .........................................................................................119 Set For AutoBASE ..........................................................................................................119

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Pocket Penmap User Guide

How to use this Guide

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Pocket Penmap User Guide

button to proceed using that

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Getting a Key and installing on your system

Pocket Penmap User Guide

The Penmap screen

Landscape mode PDAs offer additional controls.

Pocket Penmap User Guide

The Button Bar

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Pocket Penmap User Guide

The Macro GIS Buttons

(PDA Landscape only)

Pocket Penmap User Guide

to indicate placement of a tree item is required.

The Instrument Bar

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Point Numbering Shows or hides the point numbering bar.

Method GPS - Starts the GPS for data collection.

Pocket Penmap User Guide

The Main Menu

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Entering Text and Numbers

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Selecting Items from the screen

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system

Starting Penmap and Loading data

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system 23

Zooming and Panning

Zoom bar Presents the Zoom bar:

The Zoom toolbox is permanently displayed until manually closed.

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system 24

Drawing Graphics on the screen

Or it will appear minimised on the lower left of the screen.

Try pressing the the toolbox back.

minimise button and then the

button at the bottom of the screen to get

Pocket Penmap User Guide

Workbook 1 Start Here to use the system 25