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Erik Chang Research Summary: Vandana Shiva "Vandana Shiva - The Future of Food and Seed - YouTube.

" YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 02 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? Vandana Shiva begins her argument speaking about how "Seed is created to renew, to multiply, to be shared, and to spread. Seed is life itself." Using this as a premise she bring up how large corporations such as Monsanto and Cargill have patented seeds and claimed them as private property. Shiva states that farmers routinely save seed as a resource while the large corporations, Monsanto and Cargill are attempting the opposite "a problem to Monsanto and other major seed companies who want to turn seed into a non-renewable resource." These companies caused The Green Revolution in India in the 1960s which introduced high yielding genetically modified seeds and farming chemicals. However, as a result of these new seeds and chemicals, the crops have been having lower yields due to the soil being drained of its nutrients. "The areas where (genetically engineered) Bt cotton is the most concentrated is where there are the highest rates of farmer suicides." Shiva is convinced that high rate of farmer suicide is directly linked to Monsanto because growing cotton is very destructive to the soil. Growing Bt cotton has destroyed 26% of microorganisms in soil. Shiva states that farmers that switched to growing organic cotton earn up to ten times more than farmers that grow the genetically modified cotton. According to Vandana Shiva, seed should be bred for nutrition and taste. Shiva has an organization called Navdanya which is dedicated to preserving seed varieties. There are currently 46 seed banks across. Shivas organization Navdanya aims to help local farmers, conserve and protect crops and plants that are being pushed to extinction by the new genetically modified seeds and make them available through direct marketing. Using pathos, logos, and ethos, Vandana Shiva effectively leads her audience, through deductive reasoning, to believe that the company monopolies on food are detrimental to the production of quality food products. She begins her argument with the premise that seeds are important to life and that seeds should be used to produce nutrition plants for human consumption. She presents that The Green Revolution, in India resulted in crops with lower yield due to the low amount of nutrients in the soil. From here she takes her argument to talk about the increase farmer suicides where The Green Revolution took place. This is an example of deductive reasoning; which serves as an effective method that solidifies. When presenting evidence about farmer suicides and genetically modified plants, Shiva uses the three methods of rhetoric: pathos, logos, and ethos. She presents the facts which are logos based, then appeals the pathos and ethos of her audience stating Monsanto refuses to recognize their damage to the Indian farmer community. Finally, Shiva ends with her closing statement: "Seed is the biggest issue around democracy in food. Seed is a common resource, and we have to protect it for future generations."

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