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A SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON

RETAIL BANKING FOR BRANCH PROFITABILITY


REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

POST GRADUATE DEGREE IN MANAGEMENT

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH DEEMED UNIVERSITY


INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT. PUNE 411038

SUBMITTED TO: PROF. ANTHONY ROSE

SUBMITTED BY: GAURAV SINGH MBA (G) ROLL NO: - 51 SEMESTER: - IIIrd

DECLARATION

Date: 09/10/2011

I hereby decline that this Project Report titled RETAIL BANKING FOR BRANCH PROFITABILITY submitted by me to IMED,Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University,Pune , is a bonafide work under taken by me and it is not submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any Degree/Diploma certificate or published any time before.

Regards: GAURAV SINGH

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank Indian Overseas Bank for giving me the opportunity to undertake project work in their organization. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the employees of Inter Connected Bank for providing the necessary information and also constant guidance during project work.

I am grateful to Mr. HariOm Verma, (Sr. Manager) and Miss Monica Srivastava, (Assistant Manager), Indian Overseas Bank , Kursi Road, Lucknow, training coordinator who provided me the essential information and extended his best support for having me to work on the project titled RETAIL BANKING FOR BRANCH PROFITABILITY.

I express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Anthony Rose, for their cooperation and encouragement during the project work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No.
1. 2. 3.

Chapter Name
Executive Summary Introduction to Topic Company Profile The Background The Promoters Vision and Mission Organizational structure The Company and

Page No.
07 09-14 16-23

4. 5.

its product line About the Project Research Methodology a. Problem Definition

25-31 33-34

6. 7.

Recommendations Bibliography

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CHAPTER I EXCUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

All around the world retail lending has been an established market; however its rise in emerging economies like India has been of recent origin. If recent statistics on consumer finance are any indication, the last few years have been trend setting. The traditional debt-averse, middle-class Indians who lived within their thrifty means, never to venture beyond their means, seem to have given way to a new middle-class that is free from all inhibitions regarding conspicuous consumption. Unlike its predecessors, the middle-class of today has donned a new attitude; it attaches no social-stigma in taking loans for spending. A retrospect of the events clearly indicates that the Indian banking sector has come far away from the days of nationalization. The Narasimham Committee laid the foundation for the reformation of the Indian banking sector. Constituted in 1991, the Committee submitted two reports, in 1992 and 1998, which laid significant thrust on enhancing the efficiency and viability of the banking sector. As the international standards became prevalent, banks had to unlearn their traditional operational methods of directed credit, directed investments and fixed interest rates, all of which led to deterioration in the quality of loan portfolios, inadequacy of capital and the erosion of profitability. The recent international consensus on preserving the soundness of the banking system has veered around certain core themes. These are: effective risk management systems, adequate capital provision, sound practices of supervision and regulation, transparency of operation, conducive public policy intervention and maintenance of macroeconomic stability in the economy.

CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF BANKING: Banking is nearly as old as civilization. The history of banking could be said to have started with the appearance of money. The first record of minted metal coins was in Mesopotamia in about 2500B.C. the first European banknotes, which was handwritten appeared in1661, in Sweden. Cheque and printed paper money appeared in the 1700s and 1800s, with many banks created to deal with increasing trade. The history of banking in each country runs in lines with the development of trade and industry, and with the level of political confidence and stability. The ancient Romans developed an advanced banking system to serve their vast trade network, which extended throughout Europe, Asia and Africa. Modern banking began in Venice. The word bank comes from the Italian word ban co, meaning bench, because moneylenders worked on benches in market places. The bank of Venice was established in 1171 to help the government raise finance for a war. At the same time, in England merchant started to ask goldsmiths to hold gold and silver in their safes in return for a fee. Receipts given to the Merchant were sometimes used to buy or sell, with the metal itself staying under lock and key. The goldsmith realized that they could lend out some of the gold and silver that they had and charge interest, as not all of the merchants would ask for the gold and silver

back at the same time. Eventually, instead of charging the merchants, the goldsmiths paid them to deposit their gold and silver.

BANKING STRUCTURE IN INDIA:


In todays dynamic world banks are inevitable for the development of a country. Banks play a pivotal role in enhancing each and every sector. They have helped bring a draw of development on the worlds horizon and developing country like India is no exception. Banks fulfills the role of a financial intermediary. This means that it acts as a vehicle for moving finance from those who have surplus money to (however temporarily) those who have deficit. In everyday branch terms the banks channel funds from depositors whose accounts are in credit to borrowers who are in debit. Without the intermediary of the banks both their depositors and their borrowers would have to contact each other directly. This can and does happen of course. This is what has lead to the very foundation of financial institution like banks. Before few decades there existed some influential people who used to land money. But a substantially high rate of interest was charged which made borrowing of money out of the reach of the majority of the people so there arose a need for a financial intermediate. The Bank have developed their roles to such an extent that a direct contact between the depositors and borrowers in now known as disintermediation. Banking industry has always revolved around the traditional function of taking deposits, money transfer and making advances. Those three are closely related to each other, the objective being to lend money, which is the profitable activity of the

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three. Taking deposits generates funds for lending and money transfer services are necessary for the attention of deposits. The Bank have introduced progressively more sophisticated versions of these services and have diversified introduction in numerable areas of activity not directly relating to this traditional trinity

INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM:

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INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY ANALYSIS:

The banking scenario in India has been changing at fast pace from being just the borrowers and lenders traditionally, the focus has shifted to more differentiated and customized product/service provider from regulation to liberalization in the year 1991, from planned economy to market. Economy, from licensing to integration with Global Economics, the changes have been swift. All most all the sector operating in the economy was affected and banking sector is no exception to this. Thus the whole of the banking system in the country has undergone a radical change. Let us see how banking has evolved in the past 63 years of independence. After independence in 1947 and proclamation in 1950 the country set about drawing its road map for the future public ownership of banks was seen inevitable and SBI was created in 1955 to spearhead the expansion of banking into rural India and speed up the process of magnetization. Political compulsions brought about nationalization of bank in 1969 and lobbying by bank employees and their unions added to the list of nationalized banks a few years later. Slowly the unions grew in strength, while bank management stagnated. The casualty was to the customer service declined, complaints increased and bank management was unable to item the rot.

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MAJOR PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS IN INDIA:


1. State Bank Of India 2. Punjab National bank 3. Bank of India
4.

5. Canara Bank 6. Oriental Bank 7. Corporation Bank 8. Indian Overseas Bank

Bank of Baroda

RETAIL BANKING:
Retail banking in India has fast emerged as one of the major drivers of the overall banking industry and has witnessed enormous growth in the recent past. The Retail Banking Report encompasses extensive study & analysis of this rapidly growing sector. It primarily covers analysis of the present status, current trends, major issues & challenges in the growth of the retail banking sector. This report helps in Banks, financial institutions, MNC Banks, academicians, consultants and researchers to have a better understanding of the booming opportunities in retail banking in India.

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SWOT ANALYSIS:
STRENGTH: One of the best NIMs in the PSU banking space due to its focus on the high yielding assets. Investment risks reduced considerably. One of the best skilled staff and lowest cost to income ratio in the industry Well managed asset quality Reasonable CASA ratio Consistent performer by efficient utilization of assets - a proven track record. WEAKNESS:

Higher geographical concentration reduces comfort level.

Slower pace for CBS rollout. Re-pricing of investment yield to exert some pressure on NIMs. OPPORTUNITIES:

Long-term structural growth story in India to translate into higher growth for financial service companies. Buoyant economic conditions can generate significant revenue from fee based income.

THREATS:

A rise in interest rates can lead to margin pressure and higher delinquencies. Relatively higher delinquency as its loan book is concentrated in areas like traders finance, retail and real estate.

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CHAPTER III COMPANY PROFILE

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COMPANY PROFILE

1.

IOB BACKGROUND: Established in 1937, Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) is


a leading bank based in Chennai, India. IOB had the distinction of simultaneously commencing operations in three branches at Karaikudi, Chennai, and Yangon (Myanmar). Since IOB aimed to encourage overseas banking and foreign exchange operations, it soon opened its branches in Penang and Singapore. Today, Indian Overseas Bank boasts of a vast domain in banking sector with over 1400 domestic branches and 6 branches overseas. IOB was the first bank to venture into consumer credit, as it introduced the popular Personal Loan scheme. In 1964, the Bank started computerization in the areas of inter-branch reconciliation and provident fund accounts. Indian Overseas Bank was one of the 14 major banks which were nationalized in 1969. After nationalization, the Bank emphasized on opening its branches in rural parts of India. In 1979, IOB opened a Foreign Currency Banking Unit in the free trade zone in Colombo. The Bank's IT department has developed software, which is used by its 1200 branches to provide online banking to customers. Indian Overseas Bank also has a network of about 500 ATMs throughout India. Its International VISA Debit Card is accepted at all ATMs belonging to the Cash Tree and NFS networks.

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IOB also offers Internet Banking; it's one of the banks that the Govt. of India has approved for online payment of taxes. .

IOB PROMOTERS:
In the year 2000, Indian Overseas Band undertook an initial public offering (IPO) that brought the government's share in the bank's equity down to 75%. The equity shares of IOB are listed in the Madras Stock Exchange (Regional), Bombay Stock Exchange, and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., Mumbai. Since its inception, IOB has absorbed various banks including the latest Bharat Overseas Bank in 2007. Indian Overseas Bank offers investment options like Mutual Funds and Shares. It provides a wide range of consumer and commercial banking services, including Savings Account, Current Account, Depositary Services, VISA Cards, Credit Cards, Debit Cards, Online Banking, Any Branch Banking, Home Loans, NRI Account, Agricultural Loans, Payment of Bills / Taxes, Provident Fund Scheme, Forex Collection Services, Retail Loans, etc.

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VISION AND MISSION:

VISION: TO BE A LEADER In Terms of Profit and Growth Providing Safe & Ethical Banking Services To Customers

MISSION: World Class Indian Bank Benchmarking against international standards. To build sound customer franchises across distinct businesses Best practices in terms of product offerings, technology, service levels, risk management and audit & compliance

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MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS: S.No. 1. Shri S.A.Bhat 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Name Profile Chairman and Managing Director Executive Director Executive Director Government Nominee Director RBI Nominee Director Workmen Employee Director Part-Time NonOfficial Director Part-Time NonOfficial Director 9. 10. 11. Shri A.K. Bhargava Dr. Chiranjib Sen Shri A Vellayan Second Time Shareholder Director Shareholder Director Shareholder Director

Shri Y.L. Madan Smt.Nupur Mitra Dr. Vinita Kumar Smt. Chitra Chandramouliswaran Shri N. Sridaran Shri B. V. Appa Rao Shri Sooraj Khatri

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A BANK BRANCH:

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BRANCH MANAGER (B.M.) ACCOUNTANT/ASS ISTANT BRANCH MANAGER (A.B.M.)

OFFICER CLERKS

SUB-STAFF

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INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK AND ITS PRODUCTS


Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) was founded on February 10th 1937, by Shri.M.Ct.M. Chidambaram Chettyar, a pioneer in many fields - Banking, Insurance and Industry with the twin objectives of specializing in foreign exchange business and overseas banking. IOB had the unique distinction of commencing business on 10th February 1937 (on the inaugural day itself) in three branches simultaneously - at Karaikudi and Chennai in India and Rangoon in Burma (presently Myanmar) followed by a branch in Penang. At the dawn of Independence IOB had 38 branches in India and 7 branches abroad. Deposits stood at Rs.6.64 Crs and Advances at Rs.3.23 Crs at that time. Products: I. Saving Bank A/C: a) Regular Saving Bank b) IOB-Savings Bank Gold-I c) IOB- Savings Bank Gold-II d) IOB-Savings bank Silver-I e) IOB Savings bank Silver-II II. Current A/C: a) IOB CD Classic b) IOB-CD Super III. Term Deposit: a) Reinvestment Deposit

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b) Fixed Deposit c) Recurring deposit d) Gold Recurring deposit e) Education deposit f) Easy deposit g) Vardhan Deposit h) Floating rate deposit i) Tax Saver Scheme j) Term Deposit rules k) TD Application Form l) Cumulative Benefit Deposit m) Deceased Claims IV. Retail Loans: a) Clean Loan b) Consumption Loan-Sahyika c) Educational Loan- Vidya Jyoti d) Vehicle Loan- Pushpaka e) Commercial cash credit against jewellery V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. Home Loans and Mortgages Depository services IOB Fine Gold International Visa Card Any Branch Banking Multi city cheques facility Insurance and Mutual fund: a) IOB Health Care

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b) LIC-IOB Jeevan c) LIC Market Plus-I

IOB DEPOSIT SCHEMES:


Savings/Current Deposits Short/Fixed Deposits Special Fixed Deposits Reinvestment Deposits Plan Multiple Deposits Accounts Recurring Deposits Wedding Deposits Gold Deposits Vardhan (for senior Citizens) IOB- Tax Saver Deposits IOB CREDIT SCHEMES: Housing Loan Schemes Vidya Jyoti Educational Loan Liquirent IOB Alankar IOB OTHER SERVICES: IOB Kisan credit

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Debit card in tie-up with visa Depository Services Safe Deposit Lockers ABB/ ATM/ CBS Services (at Select Centres)

CHAPTER IV ABOUT THE PROJECT

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RETAIL BANKING FOR BRANCH PROFITABILITY

1. Retail Banking: The New Flavor OVERVIEW: Retail banking is, however, quite broad in nature - it refers to the dealing of commercial banks with individual customers, both on liabilities and assets sides of the balance sheet. Fixed, current / savings accounts on the liabilities side; and mortgages, loans (e.g., personal, housing, auto, and educational) on the assets side, are the more important of the products offered by banks. Related ancillary services include credit cards, or depository services. Retail banking refers to provision of banking services to individuals and small business where the financial institutions are dealing with large number of low value transactions. The concept is not new to banks but is now viewed as an important and attractive market segment that offers opportunities for growth and profits. Retail banking and retail lending are often used as synonyms but in fact, the later is just the part of retail banking. In retail banking all the needs of individual customers are taken care of in a well-integrated manner.

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Todays retail banking sector is characterized by three basic characteristics: Multiple products (deposits, credit cards, insurance, investments and securities) Multiple channels of distribution (call center, branch, and internet) Multiple customer groups (consumer, small business, and corporate).

BENEFITS OF RETAIL BANKING:


Traditional lending to the corporate are slow moving along with high NPA risk, treasure profits are now loosing importance hence Retail Banking is now an alternative available for the banks for increasing their earnings. Retail Banking is an attractive market segment having a large number of varied classes of customers. Retail Banking focuses on individual and small units. The risk is spread and the recovery is good. Surplus deployable funds can be put into use by the banks. Products can be designed, developed and marketed as per individual needs.

SCOPE FOR RETAIL BANKING IN INDIA:


All round increase in economic activity

Increase in the purchasing power. The rural areas have the large, purchasing power at their disposal and this is an opportunity to market Retail Banking. India has 200 million households and 400 million middleclass population more than 90% of the savings come from the house hold sector. Falling

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interest rates have resulted in a shift.Now People Want To Save Less And Spend More.

Nuclear family concept is gaining much importance which may lead to large savings, large number of banking services to be provided are day- by-day increasing.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RETAIL BANKING:


ADVANTAGES: Retail banking has inherent advantages outweighing certain disadvantages. Advantages are analyzed from the resource angle and asset angle. RESOURCE SIDE Retail deposits are stable and constitute core deposits. They are interest insensitive and less bargaining for additional interest. They constitute low cost funds for the banks. Effective customer relationship management with the retail customers built a strong customer base.

Retail banking increases the subsidiary business of the banks.

ASSETS SIDE Retail banking results in better yield and improved bottom line for a bank. Retail segment is a good avenue for funds deployment. Consumer loans are presumed to be of lower risk and NPA perception.

Helps economic revival of the nation through increased production activity.

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Improves lifestyle and fulfils aspirations of the people through affordable credit. Innovative product development credit. Retail banking involves minimum marketing efforts in a demand driven economy Diversified portfolio due to huge customer base enables bank to reduce their dependence on few or single borrower Banks can earn good profits by providing non fund based or fee based services without deploying their funds. DISADVANTAGES:

Designing own and new financial products is very costly and time consuming for the bank.

Customers now-a-days prefer net banking to branch banking. The banks that are slow in introducing technology-based products, are finding it difficult to retain the customers who wish to opt for net banking.

Customers are attracted towards other financial products like mutual funds etc. Though banks are investing heavily in technology, they are not able to exploit the same to the full extent. A major disadvantage is monitoring and follow up of huge volume of loan accounts inducing banks to spend heavily in human resource department. Long term loans like housing loan due to its long repayment term in the absence of proper follow-up, can become NPAs.

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The volume of amount borrowed by a single customer is very low as compared to wholesale banking. This does not allow banks to exploit the advantage of earning huge profits from single customer as in case of wholesale banking.

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OPPORTUNITIES
Retail banking has immense opportunities in a growing economy like India. As the growth story gets unfolded in India, retail banking is going to emerge a major driver. The rise of Indian middle class is an important contributory factor in this regard. The percentage of middle to high-income Indian households is expected to continue rising. The younger population not only wields increasing purchasing power, but as far as acquiring personal debt is concerned, they are perhaps more comfortable than previous generations. Improving consumer purchasing power, coupled with more liberal attitudes towards personal debt, is contributing to Indias retail banking segment.

CHALLENGES TO RETAIL BANKING IN INDIA:


The issue of money laundering is very important in retail banking. This compels all the banks to consider seriously all the documents which they accept while approving the loans.

The issue of outsourcing has become very important in recent past because various core activities such as hardware and software maintenance, entire ATM set up and operation (including cash, refilling) etc., are being outsourced by Indian banks.

Banks are expected to take utmost care to retain the ongoing trust of the public. rightly said, It takes months to find a good customer but only seconds to lose one.Thus, strategy of Knowing Your Customer (KYC) is important. So the

Customer service should be at the end all in retail banking. Someone has

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banks are required to adopt innovative strategies to meet customers needs and requirements in terms of services/products etc. The dependency on technology has brought IT departments additional responsibilities and challenges in managing, maintaining and optimizing the performance of retail banking networks. It is equally important that banks should maintain security to the advance level to keep the faith of the customer.

The efficiency of operations would provide the competitive edge for success in retail banking in coming years.

the

The customer retention is of paramount important for the profitability if retail banking business, so banks need to retain their customer in order to increase the market share.

EMERGING ISSUES IN HANDLING INTERNET BANKING:

KNOWING CUSTOMER:

Know your Customer is a concept which is easier said than practiced. Banks face

several hurdles in achieving this. In order to that the product lines are targeted at the right customers-present and prospective-it is imperative that an integrated view of customers is available to the banks. The benefits flowing out of cross-selling and up-selling will remain a far cry in the absence of this vital input. In this regard the customer databases available with most of the public sector banks, if not all, remain far from being enviable.

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TECHNOLOGY ISSUES:

Retail banking calls for huge investments in technology. Whether it is setting up of a Customer Relationship Management System or Establishing Loan Process Automation or providing anytime, anywhere convenience to the vast number of customers or establishing channel/product/customer profitability, technology plays a pivotal role. And it is a long haul. The Issues involved include adoption of the right technology at the right time and at the same time ensuring volumes and margins to sustain the investments. It is pertinent to remember that Citibank, known for its deployment of technology, took nearly a decade to make profits in credit cards. It has also to be added in the same breath that without adequate technology support, it would be well nigh possible to administer the growing retail portfolio without allowing its health to deteriorate.

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CHAPTER V RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. PROBLEM DEFINITION:

Retail Banking, (SME) is one of the growing sectors of the country even though they are facing so many problems which restrict the growth: I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. Under-utilization of Capacities. Inadequate and Untimely Credit Flows. Inability in Technology up gradation. Inefficient raw material procurement. IOB should do a paper free banking to save a more time. Staff should be trained for single window concept. IOB should expand its base in North-East Region. Product should be marketed by the employees whole heartedly. Ineffective monitoring and feedback mechanism. Shortage of power Lack of awareness of credit facilities available

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XII.

Lack of knowledge about various credit schemes

XIII.

Overdependence on purchases by government etc

SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION


PRIMARY DATA : Information has also been gathered through discussions with the employees of IOB and visiting the IOB branches (kursi road ,indira nager branch,lucknow.)

SECONDARY DATA:

The secondary data collected from the already sanctioned loan files. Collection of secondary data from Management journals.

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Bank and Borrowers Annual Report. Project proposal. Respective Banks Web Sites other sites Reference from Management Books. Newspapers and Articles

Already researched data (Which turned into information based on analysis)

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CHAPTER VI RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSIONS
In recent years some initiatives have been taken by both govt. and banks of India to make more acceptable for funding by banks. My project report mainly involved the problems, opportunity, credit facilities for Retail banking by the bank. The main purpose of the analysis is to know that how banks should retail his product in the market to make profit. The Bank account opening is single or joint accounts or with nominee. Some amount has to be paid i.e. 500/ without cheque and 1000/ with a cheque book. IOB comes under the core banking service whether customer gets more benefit under this service scheme without any charges.

The growth rates of Retail Banking increasing over years, because as we know this has become more profitable for any banking. Retail banking cover all the important banking key like: loan, savings A/C, current A/C, health care, The Indian system of capital market is a Two Tire System. Indian government allows holding securities in any form i.e. either in physical securities or in electronic (demat) form.

Banks are more focus to know about customer which is most important for banking. Under the RBI norms banks customers are not able to operate any A/C and transaction without giving any detail. It is for security to customer as well as bank.

Loan and advance is the very important key for any bank profit, it is more riskier so bank know about the customer by the help of Know Your Customer Form.

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After the knowing about customer bank can easy to provide the service of loan and advances to customer.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
Volume of paper work is small but it is very complicated to maintain data in system so try to reduce that by regular audit and updating data

Most of Staff does not have the necessary infrastructure to handle the high workload of transactions lending too many errors by Staff, so by giving full infrastructure information to every Staff can avoid this problem.

Staff should update time to time and able to talk to customer and tell about the products and services. Staff should aware to customer with internet banking.

If the customers are forged by any other bank, so staff should able to tell what to do now to customer for it. The online Banking is easy to work but it is costly to maintain and difficult to learn. It is known that Banks are conducting classes on the awareness of the Products system and guidelines of RBI. But it is not known by public. Information about the classes must be given news papers and media.

IOB should make image in north east region by the help of marketing strategy. IOB should adopt the new and modern software to collect customer data. IOB should train his well qualified staff according to market competition. Bank should also provide consultancy services and professional guidance at the time of setting up for considering the long term and short term financial requirements of a small unit for lending purpose. Bank has to increase their credit limit and also decrease the installment amount. While granting the loans the bank does not adhere with the margin.

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The process followed by the bank in sanctioning the loan is cumbersome (unmanageable), hence it is suggested to make the process easier in sanctioning the credit facilities to the loyal customer.

CHAPTER VII BIBILOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:
Tit Bits of General Banking Marketing Management Marketing Research

AUTHOR:
Dash S.K Kottler Philip Dash Satyabhusan

References: (Articles)

http://www.rupeetimes.com/news/fixed_deposits/casa_deposits_on_a_ri se_for_most_banks_3538.html http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/banks-see-rise-in-casashare/393285/ http://www.iob.in/PolicyFor_GrievanceRedressal.aspx http://www.financialexpress.com/news/7%20Promoter%20Banks %20May%20Not%20Have%20To%20Pare%20Stake%20In %20BOBL/113695/

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http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/cgibin/bl.pl?subclass=325 http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-146933829/indianoverseas-bank-promoter.html

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