SAMPLE QUESTIONS Paediatric Surgery SBA

1. A 12 year old girl has a history of recurrent abscesses in the region of the left thyroid lobe. These have required incision and drainage on three occasions. A barium swallow shows a short sinus tract from the apex of the left pyriform fossa. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. First branchial cleft anomaly B. Second branchial cleft anomaly C. Second branchial pouch anomaly D. Third branchial pouch anomaly E. Thyroglossal cyst 2. To be permitted to perform as a consultant in the NHS within the UK, which of the following criteria is required? A. Completion of higher surgical training B. Placement on the specialist register of the GMC C. Satisfactory completion of training as a Type I SpR D. Satisfactory submission of 6 RITA forms E. Successful completion of the Intercollegiate examination 3. A consultant is seeing the parents of a 3 month old baby with an inguinal hernia who also has a VSD. The baby's mother asks if congenital heart defects are common. The mother is told that the incidence of congenital heart defects per 1000 live births is: A. < 1 B. 1-10 C. 40-50 D. 70-80 E. >100 4. A 13 year old boy has undergone a left lower lobectomy for infected intralobar sequestration of the lung. He had a complicated post-operative course with a persistent pneumothorax and empyema which required a secondary decortication and a further pleurodesis. One month after discharge he returns with fever, respiratory distress, raised white cell count and CRP. His O2 saturation on face-mask oxygen is 94%. Chest X-ray shows a large, thick-walled air space and fluid level in the left hemi-thorax. He has signs of infection and collapse in the right lung base, with moderate mediastinal shift to the right. Which of the following options for immediate treatment would you consider to be the most appropriate? A. Insertion of a large bore chest drain into the encysted empyema in the left hemithorax B. Insertion of USS guided pigtail catheter into left thoracic cavity C. Thoracotomy with drainage and decortication of the left empyema D. Tracheal intubation with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) using 100% oxygen until the right lung expands E. Tracheal intubation, flexible bronchoscopy and bronchial lavage to allow inspection of the left lower lobe bronchial stump 5. A cardiology patient is routinely referred for a Barium meal. There is an increased risk of malrotation in which of the following? A. Aortic stenosis B. Fallots tetralogy C. Pulmonary stenosis D. Right atrial isomerism E. Transposition of the great arteries