Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

May 28, 2011

Vol.15, No.22

Mathematics model evaluation of soft tissue changes after Twin-block treatment

Yan Bao-yong1, Zuo Yan-ping1, Liu Ya-fei1, Cui Li-juan2
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Because the subjects of functional appliance are young people in the growing period, childrens growth and
development need to be considered to study whether the functional appliance is valid.
OBJECTIVE: To build a mathematical model to analyze the correlation between craniofacial soft and hard tissues after the
correction of Class malocclusion with twin-block treatment.
METHODS: Thirty-one Class Division 1 malocclusion subjects with hand-wrist radiographs in FG-G stage were selected.
Among the 31 cases, 14 abandoned treatment. The remaining 17 subjects received Twin-block treatment. All the subjects were
taken cephalometric radiographs before and after twin-block treatment as well as before and after natural growth of hard and soft
tissue to observe the variation rule of soft and hard tissue cephalometric values so as to build the corresponding mathematical
models.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the mathematical models, the soft tissue indicators (Ls-EP, Pn-HP, NB-Pg'-Ls) and
hard tissue indicators (ANB) showed the curve relationships. The formula were: NB-Pg-Ls=-0.119 1(ANB)2 +3.002 9 (ANB)+
6.148 5; Pn-HP=0.021 4(ANB)2 1.026 7(ANB)+ 0.347 4; Ls-EP =0.132 4(ANB)20.536 4(ANB)+1.553 7. The results of this
study provided evidence that ANB angle was to the decisive factor to improve soft tissue profile of Class II malocclusion patients
after twin-block treatment.
Yan BY, Zuo YP, Liu YF, Cui LJ. Mathematics model evaluation of soft tissue changes after Twin-block treatment.Zhongguo
Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu. 2011;15(22): 4073-4079.
[http://www.crter.cn http://en.zglckf.com]

Tables and figures

1
Department of
Orthodontics, First
Affiliated Hospital of
Hebei Medical
University,
Shijiazhuang
050031, Hebei
Province, China;
2
Basci Medical
College, Hebei
Medical University,
Shijiazhuang
050011, Hebei
Province, China

Yan Bao-yong,
Doctor, Chief
physician,
Department of
Orthodontics, First
Affiliated Hospital of
Hebei Medical
University,
Shijiazhuang
050031, Hebei
Province, China
yafei_lyf@sina.com
Correspondence to:
Zuo Yan-ping, Doctor,
Professor, Chief
physician,
Department of
Orthodontics, First
Affiliated Hospital of
Hebei Medical
University,
Shijiazhuang
050031, Hebei
Province, China
zyp6381@sina.com
Received: 2010-10-16
Accepted: 2010-11-22

Figure 1 Hard tissue cephalometric landmarks

G
N

Pn
Cn
Sn
Ss
Stm Ls
Stmi
Li
Si
Pg
C

Me

Figure 2 Soft tissue cephalometric landmarks

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Table 1 Pre-treatment comparison of age between

treatment and control groups
_

Group

Age (xs, yr)

Sig.

Treatment
Control

17
14

11.691.45
11.341.68

0.180
0.180

> 0.05
> 0.05

Table 2 Pre-treatment comparison of sex between

treatment and control groups
(n)
Group
Treatment
Control

4074

Male

Female

Sig.

17
14

9
6

8
8

0.158
0.158

> 0.05
> 0.05

P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang

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Table 3

Comparison of data in treatment group before_ and after

treatment
(xs, n=17)

Measurement

Pre-observation

Post-observation

Sig.
( Bilateral)

SNA
SNB
ANB
NP-FH
NA-PA
U1-NAmm
U1-NA
L1-NBmm
L1-NB
U1-L1
U1-SN
SN-MP
MP-FH
L1-MP
Yaix
Po-NB
Go-Po
Ptm-A
Ptm-S
T4-Po
T4-S
Wits
ANS-Me/N-Me
S-Go/N-Me
APDI
ODI
EI
A-NP
Po-NP
Co-A
Co-Gn
U1-A
L1-AP
G-G
Pg-Pg
N-N(H)
Sn-A(H)
Ls-U1(H)
Li-L1(H)
Sn-Stms(v)
Ls-BP
Li-BP
Pn-HP
Sn-HP
Li-HP
Ls-EP
Li-EP
N-Sn-Pg
N-Pn-Pg
Sn-Gn-C
NB-Pg-Ls
Cm-Sn-Ls
S-N-Sn
S-N-Si
LsSs-FH
SiLi-FH
SsLs-SiLi
LiSi-Pg

81.863.67
75.413.52
6.451.34
81.992.79
13.773.96
7.262.51
30.256.79
7.982.74
30.416.55
112.718.63
112.436.25
36.935.81
30.655.58
98.467.80
65.233.06
0.681.57
72.604.76
48.492.35
19.023.01
101.695.92
18.583.17
4.502.79
0.530.04
0.660.04
75.654.98
81.957.55
146.5110.98
-2.523.37
16.086.45
90.764.59
111.556.03
7.271.85
4.662.94
7.131.14
14.602.49
7.341.37
15.071.72
11.642.15
14.232.88
23.674.24
9.231.77
-7.233.21
13.362.37
1.342.55
4.141.97
3.733.06
158.586.55
139.914.86
123.427.22
20.945.17
89.673.96
101.459.47
79.293.71
106.567.47
22.209.53
95.0510.39
117.7012.91
81.863.67

81.193.74
76.793.67
4.391.49
83.673.42
9.073.76
5.872.53
23.925.65
8.742.44
32.396.90
118.887.68
105.515.44
37.016.20
30.735.51
98.608.26
65.203.39
0.841.34
75.584.83
48.612.90
19.562.92
106.825.68
18.553.74
0.732.88
0.540.02
0.670.05
79.284.74
77.257.19
151.4611.80
-2.973.16
-13.625.96
91.504.83
117.647.02
5.671.90
6.252.21
7.051.31
14.412.71
7.761.53
15.903.35
13.292.30
13.122.21
24.973.15
7.701.91
-3.673.22
11.102.75
1.431.61
2.042.05
3.112.60
161.595.69
141.034.53
120.0711.03
16.574.57
89.254.19
103.358.80
80.643.72
104.187.64
35.9113.27
108.2310.41
129.5710.71
81.193.74

0.498
0.143
0.000
0.057
0.000
0.043
0.000
0.235
0.201
0.004
0.000
0.954
0.950
0.935
0.976
0.693
0.023
0.853
0.459
0.001
0.977
0.000
0.527
0.351
0.000
0.003
0.048
0.599
0.116
0.546
0.001
0.002
0.017
0.799
0.783
0.183
0.247
0.001
0.105
0.177
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.858
0.000
0.055
0.041
0.298
0.150
0.000
0.698
0.389
0.180
0.240
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.498

**
**
*
**
**
**
*
**
**
**
**
*
**
**
*
**
**
**
**
**
*
**
**
**
**
-

*P <0.05, **P < 0.01, - P > 0.05

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Table 4 Comparison of data in control group before _and after

observation
(xs, n=14)
Measurement
SNA
SNB
ANB
NP-FH
NA-PA
U1-NAmm
U1-NA
L1-NBmm
L1-NB
U1-L1
U1-SN
SN-MP
MP-FH
L1-MP
Yaix
Po-NB
Go-Po
Ptm-A
Ptm-S
T4-Po
T4-S
Wits
ANS-Me/N-Me
S-Go/N-Me
APDI
ODI
EI
A-NP
Po-NP
Co-A
Co-Gn
U1-A
L1-AP
G-G
Pg-Pg
N-N(H)
Sn-A(H)
Ls-U1(H)
Li-L1(H)
Sn-Stms(v)
Ls-BP
Li-BP
Pn-HP
Sn-HP
Li-HP
Ls-EP
Li-EP
N-Sn-Pg
N-Pn-Pg
Sn-Gn-C
NB-Pg-Ls
Cm-Sn-Ls
S-N-Sn
S-N-Si
LsSs-FH
SiLi-FH
SsLs-SiLi
LiSi-Pg

Pre-observation
81.443.17
74.733.56
6.721.30
82.302.60
13.923.39
5.372.31
26.106.16
9.393.03
32.085.59
114.9810.14
107.718.23
40.504.08
33.433.03
96.966.83
65.882.51
0.431.02
73.523.94
49.292.74
18.552.24
105.826.08
19.433.80
2.232.64
0.530.02
0.650.03
79.414.58
75.173.86
141.189.48
-1.582.82
-15.986.13
91.934.31
114.856.38
5.472.15
4.932.58
6.391.31
13.542.41
6.650.67
15.011.47
12.661.92
13.531.46
24.633.35
8.571.86
6.842.33
-5.644.72
12.133.01
2.171.45
3.172.51
3.822.92
157.354.32
137.684.07
122.965.67
19.012.77
104.336.82
89.292.86
78.503.08
106.137.32
28.648.74
102.3510.71
125.179.19

Post-observation

Sig.
( Bilateral)

81.083.26
75.134.16
5.952.34
82.842.70
11.954.86
6.652.72
26.366.54
9.492.89
32.604.74
115.188.17
107.066.90
39.645.12
32.954.48
97.215.60
65.772.54
0.440.69
75.143.90
48.883.46
19.112.35
108.686.94
19.634.49
2.523.20
0.530.02
0.640.04
77.087.32
76.626.02
143.2312.49
-2.072.77
-15.536.34
92.606.47
117.737.15
6.712.55
5.602.18
6.360.88
14.693.98
6.861.28
16.822.21
13.101.82
13.682.84
26.193.50
8.661.93
7.442.16
-7.124.92
12.912.98
2.081.57
3.422.09
4.102.24
156.794.57
137.284.21
123.753.79
20.063.48
103.949.25
90.534.76
79.324.08
104.795.11
31.509.26
107.089.89
129.089.42

0.329
0.187
0.145
0.193
0.084
0.048
0.756
0.795
0.482
0.906
0.801
0.287
0.545
0.835
0.707
0.972
0.002
0.418
0.084
0.009
0.648
0.644
0.732
0.376
0.181
0.185
0.514
0.259
0.410
0.481
0.007
0.021
0.017
0.928
0.283
0.466
0.003
0.230
0.849
0.061
0.827
0.271
0.195
0.249
0.805
0.659
0.627
0.386
0.572
0.558
0.235
0.840
0.106
0.029
0.394
0.220
0.128
0.219

*
**
**
**
*
*
**
*
-

*P <0.05, **P < 0.01, - P > 0.05

4076

P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang

110004

cn.zglckf.com

Table 5 Comparison of change in measurements of treatment

_
and control groups
(xs)

Measurement
SNA
SNB
ANB
NP-FH
NA-PA
U1-NAmm
U1-NA
L1-NBmm
L1-NB
U1-L1
U1-SN
SN-MP
MP-FH
L1-MP
Yaix
Po-NB
Go-Po
Ptm-A
Ptm-S
T4-Po
T4-S
Wits
ANS-Me/N-Me
S-Go/N-Me
APDI
ODI
EI
A-NP
Po-NP
Co-A
Co-Gn
U1-A
L1-AP
G-G
Pg-Pg
N-N(H)
Sn-A(H)
Ls-U1(H)
Li-L1(H)
Sn-Stms(v)
Ls-BP
Li-BP
Pn-HP
Sn-HP
Li-HP
Ls-EP
Li-EP
N-Sn-Pg
N-Pn-Pg
Sn-Gn-C
NB-Pg-Ls
Cm-Sn-Ls
S-N-Sn
S-N-Si
LsSs-FH
SiLi-FH
SsLs-SiLi
LiSi-Pg

Treatment group
(n=17)

Control group
(n=14)

Sig.
(Bilateral)

-0.675.82
1.395.46
-2.061.99
1.685.05
-4.695.44
-1.393.91
-6.329.07
0.763.74
1.988.98
6.1712.00
-6.928.94
0.088.17
0.087.77
0.139.62
-0.035.25
0.162.37
2.987.44
0.123.79
0.534.22
5.148.41
-0.035.79
-3.774.57
0.010.05
0.010.06
3.634.53
-4.708.62
4.9514.28
-0.455.07
2.469.01
0.747.18
6.0910.17
-1.602.76
1.593.77
-0.071.72
-0.204.21
0.421.84
0.834.18
1.652.81
-1.113.94
1.305.59
-1.532.35
-0.603.71
3.564.56
-2.263.53
0.093.00
-2.101.40
-0.631.87
3.018.40
1.116.24
-3.3513.44
-4.376.57
1.9012.89
-0.416.26
1.355.85
-2.3711.74
13.7115.10
13.1814.32
11.8718.09

-0.370.770
0.400.314
-0.770.040
0.540.232
-1.970.058
1.280.004
0.260.000
0.100.372
0.520.387
0.210.031
-0.650.045
-0.860.555
-0.480.715
0.250.954
-0.120.925
0.010.744
1.630.310
-0.420.511
0.560.975
2.870.184
0.200.831
0.280.000
0.000.712
0.000.226
-2.330.004
1.450.001
2.050.460
-0.480.976
0.450.219
0.670.962
2.880.102
1.240.000
0.670.180
-0.030.930
1.150.290
0.210.609
1.810.259
0.440.047
0.150.227
1.570.828
0.090.008
0.600.148
-1.480.001
0.780.002
-0.090.771
0.250.001
0.280.177
-0.560.026
-0.410.236
0.790.122
1.050.000
-0.390.432
1.230.201
0.820.610
-1.330.678
2.860.003
4.730.033
3.920.072

0.770
0.314
0.040
0.232
0.058
0.004
0.000
0.372
0.387
0.031
0.045
0.555
0.715
0.954
0.925
0.744
0.310
0.511
0.975
0.184
0.831
0.000
0.712
0.226
0.004
0.001
0.460
0.976
0.219
0.962
0.102
0.000
0.180
0.930
0.290
0.609
0.259
0.047
0.227
0.828
0.008
0.148
0.001
0.002
0.771
0.001
0.177
0.026
0.236
0.122
0.000
0.432
0.201
0.610
0.678
0.003
0.033
0.072

*
**
**
*
*
**
**
**
**
*
**
**
**
**
*
**
**
*
-

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, - P > 0.05

ISSN 1673-8225

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1: ANB; 2: NB-Pg-Ls; 3: Pn-HP; 4: Ls-EP

Figure 3 Cephalometric measurement of hard tissue and soft

tissue

After treatment
ymin

24

NB-Pg-Ls

22
20
18
16
14
12
10
2

ANB

Figure 4 The function of ANB and NB-Pg-Ls after treatment:

NB-Pg -Ls=0.191 7(ANB)2 -1.209 1(ANB)+ 19.585 9

After treatnent
ymax

-2
Pn-HP

-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9

ANB

Ls-EP

Figure 5 The function of ANB and Pn-HP after treatment:

Pn-HP=-0.388 9(ANB)2 +3.931 3(ANB)-14.896 2

After treatment

6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
1.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
2

ANB

Figure 6 The function of ANB and Ls-EP after treatment:

Ls-EP =0.003 2(ANB)2-0.123 8(ANB)+2.680 2

4078

P.O. Box 1200, Shenyang

110004

cn.zglckf.com

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