Plastic Behavior of Dual Phase Steel Following Plane-Strain Deformation

J.V. LAUKONIS and R.H. WAGONER Dual-phase, high-strength steel sheet has been prestrained in plane-strain tension. Residual hardening and ductility properties were evaluated by performing subsequent uniaxial tensile tests in either coaxial or noncoaxial principal strain axis orientations. In contrast to similar work on aluminum-killed 1008/1010 steel sheet, only minor changes were found in the subsequent flow behavior of dual-phase steel, and no significant difference was found between the two orientations. The small effect of an abrupt strain path change observed in this study is consistent with the low work hardening rate of this alloy.

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INTRODUCTION

SEQUENTIAL stamping operations can cause local areas in sheet metal to undergo abrupt changes in strain path and can affect the residual ductility. An earlier study of the uniaxial tensile behavior of a 1008/1010 aluminum-killed (AK) steel following plane-strain compression or tension 1 showed that this type of prestrain produced anisotropic behavior in the subsequent plastic flow. The generality of this earlier finding is evaluated here by subjecting a dual-phase, high-strength steel to plane-strain tension. Together, these studies address the changes in hardening behavior, flow rule, and ductility during stamping operations that produce abrupt strain path changes with successive hits. Such information is required if accurate mathematical modeling of multiple-hit stamping operations is attempted. The earlier study showed that the subsequent uniaxial hardening behavior of AK steel prestrained in plane-strain compression or plane-strain tension depended strongly on the relative orientation of the major strain axes in the two deformations, but not on the stress state in the first stage. Coaxial specimens, i.e., specimens with the uniaxial tensile axis colinear with the principal (plane-strain) tensile prestrain axis, yielded at a stress near the effective stress in monotonic plane-strain tests. Noncoaxial specimens yielded at stresses substantially higher than expected, and exhibited low work-hardening rates and premature failure. The material in this study is a high strength steel with improved formability as required for forming exterior sheet parts. Its mechanical properties, 2'3'4 its welding characteristics, 2 and its formabilitys have been reported elsewhere.

= 0.05 +0.005, 0.10 -+0.008, and 0.15 -+0.01. Photogridded plane-strain sheet specimens 8'9 (Figure 1) were prestrained in tension, and half-size ASTM E-8 tensile specimens were cut from them as shown. The tensile specimens were then regridded with 5 mm circles, and strain measurements were made from sets of photographs taken at 60-second intervals during the tensile test. Load-elongation curves were also obtained with a 25 mm strain gage on ungridded, duplicate specimens. All tensile tests were carried out at a crosshead speed of 0.0033 mm per second, corresponding to an initial uniform strain rate of 10-4 per second.

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II. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

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HI-FORM 80d dual-phase steel, 2 a low carbon, aluminum-killed steel containing phosphorous and silicon, was strained in plane-strain tension to effective strains* of
*Effective stress and strain definitions throughout this paper are based on Hill's normal anisotropy theory, 6'7 with ~ = 1.0. A summary of the required expressions for plane-strain deformation has appeared in the literature.8 J.V. LAUKONIS, Staff Research Scientist, is with the Physics Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, M148090-9055. R. H. WAGONER, Associate Professor, is with the Department of Metallurgical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. Manuscript submitted May 15, 1984. METALLURGICALTRANSACTIONSA

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Fig. 1--Geometry of the plane strain tension specimens showing location and orientation of subsequent tensile specimens: above, coaxial specimens; below, noncoaxial specimens. VOLUME 16A, MARCH 1985--421