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Lecture 1: Introduction and Script M File Assoc. Prof. Pakorn Kaewtrakulpong, Ph.D.

INC, KMUTT

MATLAB
Introduction Strengths Weaknesses Variety Working Environment Basic Features Managing the MATLAB workspace Script M Files

Introduction
MATrix LABoratory
numerical computing environment
a scientific calculator a software package for computation in engineering, science, and applied mathematics. a powerful programming language, excellent graphics, and a wide range of expert knowledge.

Simulink
graphical simulation environment

by Mathworks, Inc. (http://www.mathworks.com/)


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Strengths
easy to learn great for testing ideas state of the art algorithms large community easy visualization symbolic maths

Weaknesses
not very good at hardware interfacing interpreted language not so good for programming with GUI (Graphic User Interface)

Variety
OS
MS Windows Unix or Linux MacOS

Toolboxes/Blocksets
Toolboxes Blocksets MATLAB Simulink

platform
x86 (or 32 bit)
hardware interfacing faster

x64
large memory model
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Working Environment
current directory workspace command window

command history

Help
help <topic>
e.g. help, help plot

doc <topic>
e.g. doc, doc plot

Help menu or toolbutton

Variable Editor

Profiler

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File and Directory Comparisons

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Basic Features
Scientific calculator
In command window, >> is the prompt. operators and functions variables symbols

Script

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Simple Math
Precedence
1. 2.
I. II. III.

parenthesis operations
^ (power) *, / or \ (invert division) +, -

3.

left right

e.g.
4*25+6*22+2*99 3^2-5-6/3+2 3^2-5-6/(3+2)
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Variables
In MATLAB, variables are not necessarily declared but are created on a need-to-use basis by its memory manager. Naming convention
case sensitive legitimate characters
letters underscore numbers

begin with letters up to 63 characters (namelengthmax)

e.g.
a=1;b=2;c=3;d=a+b+c 1_AB=1 % error A=1,a=2
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Special Variables
ans eps pi Inf, inf NaN, nan i,j
(i2 = -1)

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Basic Data Types


double (defaults), single uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, int8, int16, int32, int64 char logical structure, cell

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Elementary Functions

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Elementary Functions (contd.)

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Examples: Elementary Functions


e.g.
x=sqrt(2)/2 y=asin(x) y_deg=y*180/pi y=rem(23,4) x=-2.6,y1=fix(x),y2=floor(x),y3=ceil(x),y4=round(x)

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Complex Numbers
a+bi (cartesian form) where a and b are real numbers, and i is the imaginary unit. e.g.
c1=1-2i,c2=1-2j c3=6+sin(.5)i % error c3=6+sin(.5)*i c4=(c1+c2)/c3 mag_c1=abs(c1),angle_c1=angle(c1),deg_c1=angle_c1*180

/pi real_c1=real(c1),imag_c1=imag(c1)
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Other MATLAB symbols


. . . contiuation , comma statement separator ; semicolon statement separator % line comment <Ctl+C> aborting execution

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Command Window
Recalling previous commands
arrow keys a combination of the leading letter and an up arrow key.

Rudimentary cursor control


clc clear the command window

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Display Formats

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Display Format Settings

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The MATLAB Search Path

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Managing the MATLAB Workspace


clear
clear all variables in the workspace

Load and save data


.MAT file

save
saves all variables in MATLAB.MAT (MATLAB binary format).

save <MAT-file>
must not be the same name as any variable in the workspace; otherwise that variable will be saved in MATLAB.MAT. <MAT-file> le extension need not be put explicitly.

save <MAT-file> <variable 1> <variable 2> ... <variable n>


saves only selected variables.

Alternatively, use the menu File/Import data.. or Save workspace as..


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Example: Managing the MATLAB Workspace


e.g.
clear a=1;b=2;c=3 save save myvars a b clear load myvars clear load

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Script M Files
Commands Usually Used in Script Files or M-Files
tells MATLAB to display or echo commands to the command window as they are read and evaluated echo off not to display echo toggles the echo state displays results without identifying variable names disp(<var>) (display the values only) input prompts user for input echo on
return returns control to the executing script m-file or base

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Script M Files (contd.)

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Homework #1
1. write a line of commands to find the result of 2. write a script that asks for inputs x and n, and calculate the result. Find the result for each of input combinations.

3. find each range of


double (defaults), single uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, int8, int16, int32, int64

Hints: realmin, realmax, intmin, intmax

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