Physics Lab Report

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Physics II PRF 1026 2011/2012

Title Name Matrix no. Program and Class No. Group Number

: Laboratory 3 : MUHAMMAD FAIZAL HAFIZ BIN SHAMSI : A1101182 : Asasi Sains Fizikal 1 : GROUP 13

Physics Lab Report

LABORATORY 2 TITLE: Characteristics Of The Sine Wave Voltage

OBJECTIVE: 1. To display the sine wave voltage on an ohmic resistor with an oscilloscope. 2. To establish peak voltage, peak current, peak to peak voltage, root mean square voltage, root mean square current, period duration, frequency and radian frequency.

INTRODUCTION:
Voltage (V)

Time (t)

Physics Lab Report

If a sine wave AC voltage is applied to an ohmic resistor, it generates an AC current in it with the same function. Figure 1.0 shows the function in time of a sine wave AC voltage. During one period the sine wave voltage reaches its positive maximum value after every quarter period, crosses the zero point, it reaches its negative maximum value and then return to zero. Other characteristics values and the formulae for calculating them are specified below. I. Root mean square values
= = II. Frequency, f = III. Radian frequency, =

Physics Lab Report

APPARATUS: Oscilloscope, breadboard, wires, resistor (1 k ), function generator.

PROCEDURE: 1) The experiment was set up according to the circuit in figure 1.1. 2) The oscilloscope was set up according to the specifications made in the grid (figure 1.2). 3) The values specified under experiment were determined and fill in the table 1.0.

V1, -1/1V

R, 1 k 1k

Connect to Oscilloscope

Figure 1.1

Physics Lab Report

X-axis: 0.1 ms/ division

Figure 1.2

Physics Lab Report

RESULT: Table of 1.0
Characteristic values 1st reading 3 0.003 6 2.12 2nd reading 3 0.003 6 2.12 3rd reading 3 0.003 6 2.12 Average

Peak voltage, (mV) 3 Peak current, (mA) 0.003 Peak to peak voltage, (mV) 6 Root mean square voltage, 2.12 (mV) Root mean square current, 2.12 x 10-3 2.12 x 10-3 2.12 x 10-3 2.12 x 103 (mA) Period duration, T (ms) 1 1 1 1 Frequency, (kHz) 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 Radian frequency, (rads) 6.28 x 10 6.28 x 10 6.28 x 10 6.28 x 103

Physics Lab Report

CALCULATION: I. Root mean square values ,

= =

=2.12mV

= =

mA

II.

Frequency,

= = =1kHz

IV.

Radian frequency,

= =

(1x10) rads

Physics Lab Report

DISCUSSION: In this experiment the display of sine wave voltage on an ohmic resistor with an oscilloscope will be investigated. The idea is to try to establish peak voltage, peak current, peak to peak voltage, root mean square voltage, root mean square current, period duration, frequency and radian frequency. The peak to peak value is the vertical distance between the top and bottom of the wave. It will be measured in volts on a voltage waveform, and may be labelled VP-P . The amplitude of a sine wave is the maximum vertical distance reached, in either direction from the centre line of the wave. As a sine wave is symmetrical about its centre line, the amplitude of the wave is half the peak to peak value.

Physics Lab Report

The peak voltage, V0 of the wave is the highest value the wave reaches above a reference value. The reference value normally used is zero. In a voltage waveform the peak voltage may be labelled V0. If the sine wave being measured is symmetrical either side of zero volts, meaning that the ac level or ac component of the wave is zero volts, then the peak voltage must be the same as the amplitude, that is half of the peak to peak value. The period duration, T is the time, milliseconds. Taken for one complete cycle of the wave. It can be used to find the frequency, f of the wave using the formula T /. Thus if the periodic time of a wave is 1ms then there must be 1000 complete cycles of the wave in one second. A frequency of 1 k Hz. Note that when you use this formula, if the periodic time is in seconds then the frequency will be in Hz and if the periodic time is in milliseconds then the frequency will be in k Hz. The RMS or root mean squared value is the value of the equivalent direct (none varying) voltage or current which would provide the same energy to a circuit as the sine wave measured. It can be shown that the RMS value of a sine wave is 0.707 of the peak value. VRMS = V0 x 0.707 and IRMS = I0 x 0.707 Or
=

There are several precautions to be made during the experiment. The oscilloscope should be checked and corrected all the time to avoid zero errors. To ensure the temperature remained constant turned off if not being used in order to avoid heating of the wires.

Physics Lab Report

CONCLUSION: As a conclusion the sine wave voltage on an ohmic resistor with an oscilloscope display a same wave and same value of peak voltage, peak current, peak to peak voltage, root mean square voltage, root mean square current, period duration, frequency and radian frequency like follow the formulae given.

REFERENCES: 1)http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utc.edu%2F Faculty%2FHaroldClimer%2FPHYS%2520281%2F281%2520LAB%25203%2520%2520Resisto rs%2520Series%2520and%2520Parallel.pdf&h=4AQFDd8xa 2)http://webphysics.davidson.edu/course_material/py230l/OhmsLaw/oh mslaw.htm 3) http://faculty.evc.edu/z.yu/teacherversion/lab_report.htm