OCHIENG J Stomach

Location

The stomach is situated in the upper part of the abdomen, extending from beneath the left costal margin region into the epigastric and umbilical regions. Much of the stomach lies under cover of the lower ribs.

Stomach
The stomach is the dilated portion of the alimentary canal and has three main functions: It stores food (in the adult it has a capacity of about 1500 mL), it mixes the food with gastric secretions to form a semifluid chyme, and it controls the rate of delivery of the chyme to the small intestine so that efficient digestion and absorption can take place. The stomach is divided into four regions: the cardia the fundus of stomach the body of stomach the pyloric part, which is divided into the pyloric antrum and pyloric canal and is the distal end of the stomach

The stomach is divided into three parts: the fundus of stomach the body of stomach the pyloric part, which is divided into the pyloric antrum and pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter

Curvatures
the greater curvature ,which is a point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament and the greater omentum ; the lesser curvature ,which is a point of attachment for the lesser omentum ;

Orifices
The cardiac orifice is
where the esophagus enters the stomach Although no anatomic sphincter can be demonstrated here, a physiologic mechanism exists that prevents regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus.

The pyloric orifice:

The circular muscle coat of the stomach is much thicker here and forms the anatomic sphincter. The pylorus lies on the transpyloric plane, and its position can be recognized by a slight constriction on the surface of the stomach.

Notches
the cardial notch ,which is the superior angle created when the esophagus enters the stomach ; the angular incisure ,which is a bend on the lesser curvature

 Anteriorly: The anterior abdominal wall, the left costal margin, the left pleura and lung, the diaphragm, and the left lobe of the liver

Relations

 Posteriorly: The lesser sac, the diaphragm, the spleen, the left suprarenal gland, the upper part of the left kidney, the splenic artery, the pancreas, the transverse mesocolon, and the transverse colon

 Posteriorly: The lesser sac, the diaphragm, the spleen, the left suprarenal gland, the upper part of the left kidney, the splenic artery, the pancreas, the transverse mesocolon, and the transverse colon

Blood Supply

Arteries The arteries are derived from the branches of the celiac artery The left gastric artery The right gastric artery arises from the hepatic artery The short gastric arteries arise from the splenic artery The left gastroepiploic artery arises from the splenic artery The right gastroepiploic artery arises from the gastroduodenal branch of the hepatic artery.

veins

lymphatics