QUESTION NO.

1
ANS.

DRAW THE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER AND EXPLAIN VARIOUS BLOCKS.

INPUT DEVICE MEMORY

OUTPUT DEVICE

A.L.U.

C.U.

C.P.U.

A convenient graphical representation of input-output behavior of a system, where the signal into the block represents the input and the signal out of the block represents the output. The flow of information (the signal) is UNIDIRECTIONAL from the input to the output. The primary use of the block diagram is to portray the RELATIONSHIP of distinct parts of the system. Input Unit: Computers need to receive data and instruction in order to solve any problem. Therefore we need to input the data and instructions into the computers. The input unit consists of one or mo All the input devices perform the following functions. 1. Accept the data and instructions from the outside world. 2 to a form that the computer can understand. 3 ply the converted data to the computer system for further processing.re input devices. Storage Unit: The storage unit of the computer holds data and instructions that are entered through the input unit, before they are processed. It preserves the intermediate and final results before these are sent to the output devices. It also saves the data for the later use. The various storage devices of a computer system are divided into two categories. 1. Primary Storage: Stores and provides very fast. This memory is generally used to hold the program being currently executed in the computer, the data being received from the input unit, the intermediate and final results of the program. The primary memory is temporary in nature. The data is lost, when the computer is switched off. Most computers have limited primary storage capacity. 2. Secondary Storage: Secondary storage is used like an archive. It stores several programs, documents, data bases etc. The programs that you run on the computer are first transferred to the primary memory before it is actually run. Output Unit: The output unit of a computer provides the information and results of a computation to outside world. Printers, Visual Display Unit (VDU) are the commonly used output devices. Other commonly used output devices are floppy disk drive, hard disk drive, and magnetic tape drive.

Control Unit: It controls all other units in the computer. The control unit instructs the input unit, where to store the data after receiving it from the user. It controls the flow of data and instructions from the storage unit to ALU. It also controls the flow of results from the ALU to the storage unit. Central Processing Unit: The control unit and ALU of the computer are together known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is like brain performs the following functions: It performs all calculations. It takes all decisions. It controls all units of the computer.

QUESTION NO.2
DESCRIBE THE DETAILS OF HOW A COMPUTER PROGRAM IS EXECUTED INSIDE A COMPUTER.
ANS.

A computer program (also software, or just a program) is a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task with a computer. A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central processor.The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same program in its human-readable source code form, from which executable programs are derived (e.g. compiled), enables a programmer to study and develop its algorithms. Computer source code is often written by computer programmes. Once the program has been entered into the computer,edited and saved,it can be compiled and executed by selecting RUN from the DEBUG menu.a new window will then be opened,and an attempt will be made to compile the current program.If the

program does not compile successfully,a list of error messages will appear in a separate window.Each erroe message indicates the line number where the error was detected as well as the type of error.If the program does compile successfully,however,it will immediately begin to execute,prompting for input,displaying output,etc.,within the new window.The program is compiled successfully and immediately begins to execute. SUBMITTED BY-Surabhi Srivastava BRANCH- I.T. SECTION- B-5 ROLL NO.-1106173..