CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

1. What are the limitations of conventional mobile telephone system? Ans. 1) Limited service capability 2) Poor service performance 3) Inefficient frequency spectrum utilization
2.

Define Erlang?

Ans. Erlang is the unit of traffic density used in the telecommunications system. One erlang is equivalent to the one call in a specific channel for 3600 seconds. 3. Give the equation for the offered load A? Ans. Offered Load A = (average calling time * total customers)/60min Units- Erlangs 4. What was the first channel frequency used for mobile radio cellular system? Ans. 800 MHz, approved by FCC. 5. Define TRUNKING in mobile cellular communication? Ans. Trunking is a concept by which a telecommunication system can provide network access to many clients by sharing the lines or frequency not but giving individually. 6. List the parts of basic cellular system? Ans. 1) Mobile unit 2) Cell site 3) Mobile Telephone Switching Office(MTSO) 7. On what factors the performance of the cellar mobile communications depends on?

CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION Ans. 1) Voice quality 2) Service Quality 3) Special features (like call forwarding, call waiting etc.) 8. Give the relationship between received carrier power(C) and distance measured from the transmitter to the receiver(R)? Ans. C is directly proportional to the R-4. C= R-4 9. Define DELAY SPREAD? Ans. The change in the transmitted signal from impulse to pulse signal with a spread width is known as DELAY SPREAD. 10. What is the shape of the coverage area of the cell site? Ans. The fictitious shape of the cell is Hexagonal, but the ideal shape resembles a circle. The practical or real shape of cell is neither hexagonal nor circular.
11.

What is the core concept for cellular mobile radio system?

Ans. Frequency Reuse 12. Define frequency reuse distance D?

Ans. The minimum distance which allows the same frequency to be reused is known as Frequency reuse distance. D= (3K) * R
13.

What is the relation between co-channel interference reduction factor and frequency reuse distance?

Ans. Co- channel interference reduction factor q= D/R 14. Define cell splitting?

CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION Ans. Splitting the cell site into two cell sites each with half the radius of original cell site is known as cell splitting. 15. What are the different kinds of cell splitting techniques? Ans. 1) Permanent cell splitting 2) Dynamic cell splitting
16.

Define control channel?

Ans. A channel used for the transmission of digital control information from a land station to mobile station, or vice versa.
17.

Define forward and reverse voice channels?

Ans. A voice channel used from a land station to mobile unit is known as Forward voice channel. A voice channel used from a mobile unit to land station is known as reverse voice channel. 18. Define Access channel?

Ans. A control channel used by a mobile station to access a system and obtain service is known as access channel. 19. Define Paging channel?

Ans. The channel that seeks a mobile station when an incoming call from the land line has been placed to it is known as paging channel.
20.

Define digital color code?

Ans. A digital signal transmitted by a forward control channel to detect a capture of an interfering mobile station is known as digital color code. 21. What is the bandwidth of a signaling tone?

Ans. 10 KHz

CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION 22. Define Handoff?

Ans. The act of transferring a mobile station from one voice channel to other voice channel during a matured call is known as Handoff. 23. What are the different kinds of Handoffs?

Ans. 1) Inter handoff- from one cell to another cell 2) Intra handoff- within a cell 24. What is the channel spacing in the GSM?

Ans. 30 KHz
25.

What is the equation for the transmitted power of an antenna?

Ans. Transmitted power = Pt /(4r2) (units W/m2)

26.

What is the required minimum value of C/I to design a cellular system properly?

Ans. 18dB 27. What is the worst case value of C/I for K=4 cell pattern? Ans. 20dB 28. What is the worst case value of C/I for K=7 cell pattern? Ans. 24.5dB 29. Define Elevation angle?

Ans. The maximum angle after which the transmission of signal over longer distances is not possible is known as ELEVATION angle
30.

What is the standard value for elevation angle?

Ans. 5.7 degrees

CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION 31. Define Frequency Management?

Ans. Frequency management refers to designating set-up and voice channels, numbering the channels, grouping the voice channels into subsets. 32. Define Channel Assignment?

Ans. It refers to allocation of specific channels to cell sites and mobile units. 33. How many channels are present in the year 1988?

Ans. 832 channels are present in the year 1988. But only 666 channels are still operating. 34. Define set up channels?

Ans. Set up channels are the channels designated to the set up calls.
35.

How many set up channels are present in 666 channels?

Ans. There are 42 channels, 21 channels in each block of 333 channels.

36.

Expand SAT?

Ans. Supervisory Audio Tone 37. When does a handoff is required?

Ans. 1) At cell boundary 2) When the mobile unit reaches the signal strength holes with in the cell site.
38.

What are the factors that handoff depends on?

Ans. 1) Signal Strength 2) Carrier to interference ratio 39. How many handoffs are required for a cell of 3km?

Ans. 3 to 4 handoffs are required.

CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

40.

Which channel is used to detect the signal strength at cell site?

Ans. Reverse voice channel 41. Which algorithm is used in the Delayed Handoff?

Ans. Two handoff level algorithm 42. Define Power difference handoff?

Ans. Power difference handoff= (the mobile signal measured at the candidate handoff site the mobile signal measured at the home site) 43. How time slots in TDMA are allocated for handoff technique? Ans. One time slot is used for serving a call, the rest of the time slots can be used to measure the signal strengths of setup channels.
44.

What kind of handoff is used in CDMA?

Ans. Soft handoff 45. Which handoff scheme is used in Non cellular system? Ans. Cell site handoff 46. Define Drop call rate?

Ans. Drop call rate is defined as the call is established before terminated properly.
47.

What are the factors on which splitting depends on?

Ans. 1) Radio aspect 2) The capacity of the switching processor 48. What does GSM stands for?

Ans. Global System Module

CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

49.

GSM was developed in the year ________

Ans. June, 1982. 50. List the subsystems in GSM architecture?

Ans. 1) Mobile Station (MS) 2) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) 3) Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) 4) Operation Subsystem (OSS)
51.

What does TRAU, MSC, HLR, VLR, STP stands for?

Ans. TRAU- Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit MSC- Mobile service switching center HLR- Home location Register VLR- Visitor Location Register STP- Signaling Transfer Point