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Nursing informatics is a combination of computer science, information science, and nursing science, designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information, and knowledge to support nursing practice, education, research, and administration (Graves & Corcoran, 1989). "Information is an essential phenomenon of study for an information-based discipline such as nursing," (p. 2). Nursing informatics can be applied to model the human processing of data, information, and knowledge within a computer system in order to automate the processing of nursing data to information and the transformation of nursing information to nursing knowledge. "In the current Information Age, the doubling of knowledge every five years and the increased specialization of knowledge make it imperative that nurses have access to the latest scientific information to assist in the delivery of high quality care," (Hudgings, 1992, p.7). Nursing Informatics is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients, nurses and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings. This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and information technology. (ANA Scope and Standards of Nursing Informatics Practice, 2001, pg vii)
independent endeavor. Programs that offer basic and further education in nursing informatics are beginning to spring up around the globe, but many more are needed to provide easy access for motivated nurses Source: http://www.nursing-informatics.com/kwantlen/overview.html
Nurses are increasingly involved with systems used for planning, budgeting, and policy-making for patient care services as well as enhancing nursing education and distance learning with new media modalities. Computers are also used to support nursing research, test new systems, design new knowledge databases and advance the role of nursing in the healthcare industry
Key Components of Electronic Health Records Administrative System Components Patient identification: Name Demographics Next of kin Employer information Chief complaint Patient disposition
Laboratory System Components Integrates: Doctors orders Laboratory results Instruments Schedules Billing Other administrative information. Radiology System Components Contains patient radiology data: Orders Interpretations Patient identification information Images. Radiology System Component includes: Patient tracking Scheduling Results reporting Image tracking functions Used with picture archiving communications systems (PACS), which manage digital radiography studies. Pharmacy System Components Contains clients medication data and inventory of pharmacy stocks. Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) Permits clinical providers to electronically order laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology services. Pharmacy ordering capabilities Ancillary service ordering
Clinical Documentation Provides electronic capture of: Clinical notes Patient assessments Medication administration records Other parts of the clients chart Consideration of Standards Standard established by consensus and approved by a recognized body that provides rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities. Key Standards Clinical vocabularies Healthcare message exchanges EHR ontologies (ex. content and structure of the data entities in relation to each other) Clinical Vocabularies Means of encoding data for exchange, comparison, or aggregation among systems. Specific Uses of Clinical Vocabularies Search knowledge resources (ex. key word searches, tagging). Identify the correct guidelines, critical paths, and reminders to be used in prompting high quality patient care. Support practice analysis, quality improvement, and outcomes research. Provide data for clinical epidemiological analyses. Reference: The Computer-Based Patient Record: An Essential Technology for Health
Care, Revised Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1997