Population Composition M. Midea M. Kabamalan. Ph.

D
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1. YES OR NO? (a) re there more boys born than girls? A (b) re there more boys than girls in the 2000 popula@on of the A Philippines? (c)Could two persons born in the same year have dierent ages at a certain point in @me? 2.Which age group comprise the biggest share in the Philippine popula@on in 2000? < 15; 15-64; 65+ 3.In 2000, what do you think is the average age at marriage of males? of females? 4.What do you think is the average household size in the Philippines in 2000?
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Popula'on Composi'on
refers to the distribu>on within a Composi'on popula>on of one or more individually carried traits or a@ributes
There are internal dierences in the comparability of popula@ons or of the demographic phenomena (two kinds of people Vaupel)
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Importance of Studying Popula'on Composi'on

Changes in popula'on composi'on over @me, along with popula@on growth, help dene the magnitude and the nature of the challenges associated with making (such) investments for individual na@ons. Specic popula@on subgroups children, the school-age popula@on, adolescents, women of reproduc@ve age, men and women of labor force age, and the elderly generate demands for par@cular types of services that require diering social and economic policy and programma@c responses.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Interna>onal Popula>on Reports WP/02, Global Popula>on Prole: 2002, U.S. Government Prin>ng Oce, Washington, DC, 2004. (See also 1996 version)
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Uses of studying Popula'on Composi'on

Makes possible an elabora@on of the descrip@on of a popula@on and therefore permits detailed inter-popula@on comparisons Provides an inventory of human resources of a society Describes the variables essen@al for analyzing demographic processes like births and deaths Demographic variables and popula@on size are important condi@ons aec@ng the forma@on and change of social structure.
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Popula'on Composi'on
Sex Age
Marital Status Labor Force Household Structure

Popula@on composi@on is usually described using these characteris@cs. Can you think of other characteris@cs to describe popula@on?

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Basic Demographic Variables/! Core Questions in the Census!

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Census ques'ons 1970 2010: Philippines

Census ques'ons
Who is the head of this household? Who are the persons usually residing here as of may 1, 2010 What is _____'s rela@onship to the head of household Family Nucleus In what month and year was ___born? Was ____'s birth registered with LCR? What is ____ age's as of his/her last birthday? Is______ male or female? Is____an overseas worker? (For persons below 10 years old) What is ____'s marital status What is ____'s religious alia@on x x (L) x x

1970
x x x

1980
x x x x x x x

1990
x x x

2000
x x x x

2010
x x x

x x

x x x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

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Census ques'ons 1970 2010: Philippines

Census ques'ons
Is ______a ci@zen of the Philippines What country is ______a ci@zen of? Does _____have any physical or mental disability? What type of disability does ____have? How does ____classify himself /herself ? Is she an Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Mangyan, Manobo, Chinese Ilocano or what? Can_____ read and write a simple message in any language or dialect? Is _____able to speak Filipino/Tagalog Is _____able to speak English Can_____ speak Spanish ?

1970
x

1980
x (L)

1990
x x x x

2000
x (L) x (L) x x x

2010
x x x

x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L)

x (L) x (L) x (L)

x x (L)

x (L) x (L) x (L)

x (L)

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Census ques'ons 1970 2010: Philippines

Census ques'ons
Did ___aiend school at any@me from Jun 2009 to Mar 2010? In what city/municipality did _____aiend school? What type of school? What is the highest grade completed by ____? What is the highest degree he obtained in college or univ? Does he possess any voca@onal or technical skill acquired through schooling, training or experience such as dressmaking, jeepney driving or carpentry? In what city and municipality did ___reside on May 1, 2005? When did _____move to this city/Municipality? In what city and municipality did ___reside on May 1, 1990? What was __usual ac@vity/occupa@on during the past 12 mos? In what kind of business or industry did _____work during the last 12 months? x (L) x (L) x (L)

1970
x x x x (L)

1980
x (L) x (L) x (L)

1990
x (L) x (L) x

2000
x (L) x (L) x (L) x

2010
x (L) x (L) x

x (L)

x (L) x (L) x (L)

x x (L) x (L) x (L)

x x (L) x (L) x (L)

x (L) x (L)

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Training Course on Basic Demography Richville Hotel, Mandaluyong City

Sex Composi'on: Concepts

Sex
vs.

biological and does not change (well, except for human interven@on)

Gender

a socially-constructed no@on of what is feminine and what is masculine

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Sex Composi'on: Uses

Inherently important; balance of sexes aects social and economic rela@onships within a community Evalua@on of completeness and accuracy of census count

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Sex Composi'on: Data quality Issues

Misrepor@ng is negligible in most countries Beliefs may lead some parents to report their young boys as girls to avoid aien@on of evil spirits Misrepor@ng to avoid military service
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Sex Composi'on: Techniques of Analysis

Masculinity Ra3o Sex ra3o
Number of males per 100 popula@on

Number of males per 100 females

Excess of males as percent of total popula3on

101.6
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Sex Ra@o Philippines 2000

Sex Ra'o at Birth

Usually between 104 to 106 Aected by certain demographic factors such as:

IN Year 2000
Philippines - 101 India 108 China 107 China: (Jiangxi province 138)

age of mother, birth order of child, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status of parents culturally-based gender preference and policies

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Sex Ra'o of Deaths

More variable than SR0
Philippines, 2000:
Infant death sex ra>o:

142.5
Ages 80+:

High: 125+; Intermediate: 105-124 Aected by age, race/ ethnicity, marital status, occupa@on
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Sex Ra'o of Migrants

Less uniform;
can be 198 or 81

Aected by special features of the area;

e.g. military installa>on, industrial parks; availability of jobs; policies

Feminiza@on of migra@on

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Age Composi'on: Concepts

Age

biological characteris@c constantly changes Usually dened in terms of the age at his last birthday Reports are aected by cultural prac@ces
e.g. Chinese assigns age 1 at birth and turns a year older during the Chinese New Year; uses animal year or emperor reference (Japan)

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Age Composi'on: Concepts Cohort

Birth Cohort
a group of people sharing a common demographic experience who are observed through @me people born in the same year or period.

Could two persons born in the same year have dierent ages at a certain point in @me?
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Source: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/year.htm, Retrieved 26 June 2009

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How do you get informa'on about age?

Direct ques@on:
How old were you on your last birthday?

Indirect ques@on:
In what month and year were you born? Direct ques@on is simpler to process but less accurate; Asking indirect ques@on may be problema@c in illiterate socie@es. Some@mes, both ques@ons are used.

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Training Course on Basic Demography Richville Hotel, Mandaluyong City

Age Composition: Importance

Age is the most important variable in the study of mortality, fer>lity, migra>on, nup>ality, and many other areas of demographic analysis.

Age- Stra3ca3on theory

that age is a basis for social stra@ca@on; age-related social roles

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Age Composi'on: Importance

Implica'ons to:
Social Policy and Protec@on, among others

Educa3on Health

Childbearing

Labor force and dependency

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Dependency Ra'o
The ra@o of the popula@on in the dependent ages 0-14 and 65 and over to the popula@on in the working ages 15-64

DR: dependency ra@o

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Young-Age Dependency ra'o

The ra@o of the popula@on in the young dependent ages 0-14 to the popula@on in the working ages 15-64

YDR: young-age dependency ra@o

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Old-Age Dependency Ra'o

The ra@o of the popula@on in the old dependent ages 0-14 to the popula@on in the working ages 15-64

ODR: old-age dependency ra@o

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Dependency Ra'o in the Philippines

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Demographers are broken down by age and sex

When combined in an analysis, age and sex can provide a quick way to describe a popula>on. The age-sex structure can also be used to evaluate the completeness and accuracy of census counts of the popula>on.
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Age & Sex Structure: The Popula'on Pyramid

A graphical presenta@on of the age and sex distribu@on of a popula@on A bar chart, arranged ver@cally, that shows the distribu@on of a popula@on by age and sex. By conven@on, the younger ages are at the boiom, with males on the leq and females on the right. Popula@ons may be classied according to their age and sex structure (that is, the general shape of the popula@on pyramid).

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General Proles of Age-Sex distribu'ons

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Expansive

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Constric've

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Near Sta'onary

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What do you think is the shape of the Philippine Popula'on?

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The Philippines has a very young popula'on. Why do we say so?

Percent to total popula@on

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The Philippines will s@ll have a young popula@on in 2020

Percent to total popula@on

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The workers comprise the largest popula'on

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There is an increasing propor'on of elderly popula'on

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The age (and sex) composition of a population is a product of the births, deaths, and migration rates that have operated over a period of three to four generations. It is a record of the effects of historical events that have influenced vital rates during the lifetime of living members of a population.
Hawley (in Hauser & Duncan), 1959: 364
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Birth decit due to WW I

Source: Siegel and Swanson 2004: 165

Baby Boom

Fer@lity decline Stable popula@on

Crea'ng a Popula'on Pyramid

Data required:
1.Popula@on by single ages by sex or; 2.Popula@on by ve year age groups by sex

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A Popula'on Pyramid may also include other informa'on such as marital status
Marital Status, Male and Female, Philippines, 2000
75-79 65-69 55-59 45-49 35-39 25-29 <20 10000000 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000
Female Single Female Married

2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000

Female Separated Female Widowed

Female Live-in

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Time to do some exercises!

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Thank You!