Successful Implementation of GIS Techniques for Route Alignment & Surveys of Power Transmission Projects of POWERGRID

Power Grid Corporation Of India Ltd

Why Surveying Is Important ?

To optimize cost of transmission line Line length, number of locations, deviations Minimum river crossings Minimum forest areas Accessibility, right of way considerations To assess route constraints and do construction planning To ensure statutory clearances Ground clearance Horizontal/Right of way clearance Clearances from power lines, railway lines, road crossings etc.

UHV Transmission Lines

- 765 kV , Requiring Large ROW

Long Distance Transmission Lines 500 kV HVDC

Transmission Lines thru Agricultural fields

Transmission Lines in Hilly areas

Multiple Transmission Lines Through Same Corridor

Transmission Line River Crossings

Transmission Line Surveying Project Conceptualization / Project Feasibility Stage Faster and accurate techniques required to evaluate various line routes Pre-Construction Stage Route alignment, Detailed Mapping of right of way, ground profiling, finalisation of tower locations with geo technical details Detailed contouring of undulated terrain for estimation of benching and revetment quantities Project Construction Stage Check Survey only

Advantages of Conducting Detailed Survey in Advance Large Quantity variations during execution stage avoided Constraints assessed in advance Engineering activities can be taken in advance Construction work can be taken up immediately after contract award Reduction in IDC due to reduction in project execution time offsetting cost of survey using modern techniques Reduction of even 1-2 kms line length would offset cost of surveying using modern techniques

Detailed Survey Modern Techniques

Route Alignment using latest satellite imageries (PAN + LISS III Merged products) superimposed on Survey of India Topographical Maps Digital terrain modeling in hilly terrain using contouring data Detailed Survey using GPS, Total stations or alternatively ALTM Digitized contouring at undulated / hilly tower locations Identification of Route constraints, Identification of infrastructure details

Detailed Survey Modern Techniques

Tower

spotting & optimization of locations using commercial software like PLS CADD Estimation Of BOQ Preparation Of Survey reports Soil Investigation

METHODOLOGY
Acquisition of Remote Sensing Data Digitization of Base details from SOI sheets

Preparation of Updated Digitized Maps Selection of corridors/alternatives Reconnaissance Survey

Route Selection

GPS/Total Station Survey Digitized Profiling Geotechnical Investigations

Computer-aided tower spotting BOQ Estimation, Reports etc.

Digitized Toposheet

Survey of India Topo Sheet

Corresponding Digitized Map indicating relevant information

Digitized Satellite Image

Satellite Imagery (5.8/20 m resolution)

Corresponding Digitized Image indicating relevant information

Selection of Alternative Routes

Alternative 3

Bee Line

Alternative 2

Existing Line

Alternative 1

Computerized Route Optimization by Study of Alternative Routes

Alternative 3

Bee Line

Alternative 2

Existing Line

Alternative 1

Digital Terrain Model

Alternative-2

Alternative-1

Bee Line

Alternative-3

Computerized Three Dimensional Image

Advantages of Modern Survey Techniques over Traditional survey Method

Topographic Sheet Indicates only Nala

Satellite Image Indicates Large waterbody

Topographic Sheet Indicates only a part of Canal

Satellite Image Indicates Another Branch of Canal

Topographic Sheet Not many details

Satellite Image Indicates Recent Infrastructure Developments, Landslide Areas

Transmission Line Survey through GIS

Change of River Course

Detailed Survey on Selected Route

Detailed Survey is done on the selected route using Total Stations. Plotting of Surveyed Route on the Topographical Maps Tower Spotting and profiling is done using PLS-CADD Software.

PLS CADD Software

Power Line Systems Computer Aided Design and Drafting (PLS CADD) is a software developed by Power line systems Inc. USA. The software is used for Tower Spotting. The software automatically provide SAG Clearances. The software automatically calculates wind & Weight Span. The software prepares the Plan & Profile View of the T/L line. Report Generation.

The overall organization of the PLS CADD software is shown in the following slide.

PLS CADD Software

Input 3-D Terrain Survey Data Feature Codes Libraries Design Criteria Loads Clearances Structures Geometry Strength Cables All Properties Processing Corridor Terrain Ground + Obstacles Output Reports Material List Specification Etc.

3-D Model of Line in Corridor

Drawings Plan & Profile Exported to CAD system

Installation Spotting Automatic Manual Stringing Sagging Etc.

Calculations Sag Tension Clearances Struct-Strength Swings Etc.

Archiving Line Management Future Modifications

Plan & Profile Drawing

Key Advantages
PLS

Cadd software used for preparing Plan & Profile Drawing and Report Generation Eliminates manual error in Report generation. Empowers Managers to move / modify structures and see the effect on the Line. Reports / Calculations of modified structures can be viewed instantly.

Airborne Laser Terrain Mapping(ALTM)

The laser locator installed onboard records both returns from the vegetation cover and objects on the ground (that is the first pulse) and from the terrain under the vegetation (that is the last pulse). This system together with data processing software are used to create digital terrain model not affected by the vegetation.

First reflection (first pulse)

Last reflection (last pulse)

New Line Construction

Knowing exact geometry along the route with as many details desirable as it makes design process much more productive. With laser survey much more efficient and fast to collect the information along the route for new power line design and construction.

Evaluation Of Clearances

Thermal Uprate Studies

Thermal uprate study will become much less complicated process with laser survey data. Three-dimensional information about actual power line geometry and condition brings all relevant details along the route of the power line.

DETAILED SURVEY USING MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR PROJECTS COMPLETED / UNDER IMPLEMENTATION TEESTA-V (Route Alignment using satellite imagery) SRINAGAR-LEH (Route Alignment using satellite
imagery)

PARBATI-II, KOLDAM KAHALGAON BARH KUDAMKULAM NEYVELI RANCHI-SIPAT RAPP-5&6 MAITHON WR STRENGTHENING PARBATI-III URI-II etc. etc.

Thank You