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Choosing :
Choosing

Introduction
One of the best things about building your own computer is that you can choose every single part yourself. Not only does this mean that you can buy parts that suit your needs exactly, but you can also make sure that every component is of good quality.

Whats in PC :

Choosing Step 1

Processor
Introduction The processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of your computer and is arguably the most critical component, as a slow processor will always result in a slow computer. There are 2 manufacturers of mainstream processors, Intel and AMD. Intel dominates both the mid and high end of the market with its core2 processor, while AMDs offerings currently only compete in the lower end of the market. Although the speed of processor you need will vary depending on the way you use your computer (see table left), generally speaking spending 20-30% of your budget on the processor is a good starting point. There are many factors that determine a processors speed, each of which are explained below, however the most reliable way to compare processor speeds is by looking at benchmarks. Benchmarks measure different areas of a processors performance and its unusual to find one processor fastest in all of them. Lots of sites benchmark processors as part of their reviews, searching Google for the processor name + review should yield lots of results.

Choosing Step 2

Memory
Introduction Memory or Random Access Memory (RAM) slots into the motherboard and is where all of the information being used by the processor is stored. For example when you start a program, open a picture or play an MP3, it is moved from the hard drive into memory so that the processor can access all the information related to it. It does this because memory can be accessed many times quicker than a Hard Drive. When the computer is switched off, the information stored in memory is lost. Having more memory means you can run more programs at the same time without the computer slowing down. This is because when your computer runs out of memory, it starts using the Hard Disk as 'virtual memory', which is extremely slow. If you've ever had lots of windows and programs open at once and suddenly found your computer becomes unresponsive even though it appears to be doing very little then you will understand how frustrating this can be. For a basic PC, 1GB is a good starting point and for those running Windows Vista 2GB is more appropriate. If you intend to use more memory intensive programs like games or design then 4GB + is recommended. Faster Memory can make your computer quicker, but only if your processor and FSB are fast enough to make use of it. As a rough guide try to get memory that is around 3/4 of your FSB speed as beyond this there will be very little performance difference.

Choosing Step 3

Motherboard
Introduction The motherboard provides the 'hub' of your computer that everything else plugs into. It also provides the first level of management, so when the computer is switched on, the motherboard figures out what components are where and how to get them all up and running. Your choice of motherboard will be limited to one that is compatible with your chosen processor and memory. For example if you have chosen a socket775 processor with a 1333MHzFSB and some 800MHz DDR2 memory then you will need to look for a motherboard that has a socket775 and supports these FSB and memory speeds. As well as being compatible, the motherboard you choose should be complimentary to your processor and memory. So if you have a very expensive processor then you should be looking at the higher end of the motherboards available for that processor. The 'chip-set' is the most important part of a motherboard, as it manages the interaction between each part of the computer and the processor, so make sure the chip-set you choose will make the most of your other

components. A good way to do this is to read some reviews of motherboards using a particular chip-set, try searching Google for the chip-set name + 'review'. The other factor to consider is which features you want included on your motherboard. Manufacturers will produce many models of boards using the same chip-set, but some will have fewer features than others. How many SATA ports will you need to connect drives to? Do you want a motherboard with a graphics card built into it? How many USB ports do you need? Do you want to be able to use more than 1 graphics card? Will you be overclocking? These are all things you will need to consider.

Choosing Step 4

Graphics Card
Introduction The Graphics card takes information from the processor and calculates how to display it on the screen. Each card has its own processor, referred to as a Graphics processing Unit (GPU) and its own memory referred to as Video RAM (VRAM). The GPU processes the information and then passes the result to the VRAM where it is stored ready to send to the monitor. A faster GPU allows more information to be processed in a given time, while more memory allows it to store more resulting information ready for the monitor to display. The more it can store in the VRAM, the less chance there is of the monitor having to wait for information while the GPU is processing it. This storing of information is called 'buffering'. An important decision to make when choosing a graphics card is whether you will need high performance 3D graphics. If you want to play the latest games or run professional 3D design programs then the answer will be yes. But if you intend to use your computer for desktop and media tasks and to play some older games, the answer will be no. In fact if you do not intend to play any 3D games, graphics 'integrated' into a motherboard will do just fine. The price of a graphics card will usually give you a reasonable idea of its performance and the sector of the market that it's aimed at. The GPU is also a very important indicator as the a cards potential performance. As with the processor, the best way to compare graphics cards is by looking at the results of benchmark tests. Tom's hardware has a comprehensive set of benchmarks for most of the currently available cards, as well as charts for multiple graphics cards.

Choosing Step 5

Hard Disk Drive

Introduction The Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is where all the data in a computer is stored when not in use by the processor. Unlike memory, data stored on a HDD remains intact when the computer is turned off. All the programs, documents, photos, videos, music etc that you keep on your computer are stored on the HDD and loaded into memory when you begin using them. Choosing a Hard Drive is relatively simple and is usually based of 2 factors, size and speed. The size of the drive you choose will be primarily based on your personal needs, but for most people a drive not less than 160GB is a good starting point. Speed is made up of a few factors, rotations per minute, cache and connection type. However for the vast majority of people a 7200rpm drive that connects via a SATA port will be the best option, leaving you simple to decide on the amount of cache you need (8MB, 16MB or 32MB). As explained below you will see very little difference in terms of performance once above 16MB. If you are building a very high performance PC you may want to consider 10000rpm drives, though the price to performance level is relatively low. You may also consider RAID as a way of improving either performance or reliability of your storage. If you have the budget for it, RAID can also provide both reliability and performance improvements on the same storage. For more info on RAID, see our RAID choosing guide.

Choosing Step 6

Optical Drive
Introduction Choosing an optical drive is relatively simple. Currently there are 2 types of disk that are worth consideration; DVD and Blue-Ray. There are drives available for each format which can either read only (ROM), or read and write disks (RW). A DVD can hold up to 8.5GB on a dual layer disk, while a Blue-Ray disk can hold up to 50GB of data also on a Dual layer disk. DVD has been around for so long that it would be unusual not to want some form of DVD drive on your PC. Given the very cheap price of DVD writers, it seems like the most suitable choice for most users. Some may also wish to have a DVD-ROM for secondary reading and direct copying of disks. Blue-Ray on the other hand is relatively new and for most users will not hold much value. Two situations when a blue-ray drive would be appropriate are firstly for a Media Centre PC where playing high definition Blue-Ray disks would be desirable and secondly where backup or distribution of very large files is important. Remember that if you wish to play Blue-Ray movies then you will need a graphics card and display that are 'HDCP' compliant. HDCP is the mechanism that Blue-Ray uses to ensure copy-righted disks are not copied.

Other factors to consider are the speed at which you wish the drive to read and/or write data at and the type of connection it uses.

Choosing Step 7

Power Supply Unit

Introduction The Power Supply Unit (PSU) takes the raw power from the mains source and divides it up in to 3 'rails' each with a different voltage. These rails range in voltage from 12v for the most demanding components including the Processor and the graphics card, 5v for less demanding parts like the hard drive head to 3v for the most sensitive circuitry. It's incredibly important to have a good quality PSU. When a PSU fails (and eventually all PSUs will) it can cause other components in the computer to fail as well. Good quality PSUs are not only less likely to fail in the short term, but also contain circuitry to prevent damage to the rest of the components. A good quality PSU will also provide more stable currents to each component, resulting in a more stable system, especially when overclocking. It's always worth going with a reputable manufacturer when choosing a PSU, avoid non-brand or value branded items and never use the PSUs that often come with low-end cases, as these are normally very low quality. The second factor to consider when choosing a PSU is the power output, which is measured in watts(w) and denotes the total amount of power the PSU can provide. This value must be larger than the combined wattage of all the components in your system and preferably about 30% higher. For help working out what the wattage of your system will be see below (under the 'wattage' tab). Other factors to consider are the actual amount of current per voltage rail(Amperage, measured in amps), the efficiency of the conversion process (The percentage of electricity actually used in the computer compared to the amount taken from the mains), the noise produced by the fans and the number and type of connectors it comes with.

Building :
Building your PC

Introduction
Now that you have all your components it's time to put them all together. This process is far easier than you might expect and if you follow the steps in this section you should have very little trouble assembling your computer.

Building Step 1

Processor
Introduction This video illustrates how to fit an Intel Socket 775 processor into the motherboard. For more information on this step, read the explanation below. If you are installing an AMD processor, read the section entitled "AMD Processors". Before you start installing the processor make sure to ground yourself by touching a grounded object or by wearing your anti-static wrist band. Once you are grounded, unpack the processor, heat sink and motherboard and place them on aflat non-metallic surface. Remove the plastic covers on the top of the socket and the bottom of the processor. You are now ready to begin.

Building Step 2

Heatsink
Introduction In this video we will fit the Intel Stock Heat sink Fan to the motherboard. Again make sure to ground yourself before touching any of the PC components. First step is to check that your heat sink hasthermal compound on it. If it doesn't then you will need to apply some before fitting it. For more information on thermal Compound see the tab below.

Building Step 3

Memory
Introduction In this video we install 2 Memory modules into their respective DIMM slots on the motherboard. This process is as easy as it looks, the only thing you need to think about is which of the 4 slots should be used in order to utilise dual channel memory (see 'Dual Channel' tab below). Before you start installing the processor make sure to ground yourself by touching a grounded object or by wearing your anti-static wrist band.

Building Step 4

Motherboard
Introduction This video shows you how to fit an ATX motherboard into the case. The process would be exactly the same for a Micro-ATX and almost identical for a Micro-ITX motherboard. Before you start installing the motherboard make sure to ground yourself by touching a grounded object (such as the inside of the computer case) or by wearing your anti-static wrist band.

Building Step 5

Front panel Connections

Introduction This video shows you how to connect the case's front panel ports, switches and LEDs (the power/reset switch and LED, as well as the audio and USB ports) to the motherboard. This can be fiddly, so it's important to know exactly where you need to plug each one before attempting to connect them. In order to do this you must find the diagrams in your motherboards manual which will tell you exactly where each set of pins on the motherboard are. Your case may have connections on its front panel that your motherboard does not support, such as IE1394 (Firewire). If you cannot find pins on your motherboard to connect certain ports on your front panel, just tuck the unused cables away somewhere inside the case that will not get in the way of any other components.

Building Step 6

Hard Disk Drive

Introduction This video will show you how to install a 3.5" hard disk drive into the most common type of case. The position of the 3.5" Hard Drive bays may differ on different types of case, however the principles will remain the same. If you are at all unsure of how to fit the Hard Drive into your case, refer to the instruction manual that came with the case. Before you start installing the processor make sure to ground yourself by touching a grounded object or by wearing your anti-static wrist band. Once grounded unpack the hard drive and install it into a free 3.5" bay as per the video, securing it using 4 'case screws', which have slightly larger threads than those used to secure the motherboard (left).

Building Step 7

Optical Drive
Introduction This video shows you how to fit a 5.25" optical drive into the most common type of case. Almost all cases will have their 5.25" bays on the top front of the case. They will usually have plastic panels covering each bay, one of which will need to be removed to fit the optical drive. Some cases may require you to remove the entire front fascia in order to remove this panel. In this video we use a case which does not require this, however if you are unsure of how to remove the panel, refer to the manual that came with the case.

Installing:
Installing

Introduction
Once you have finished building you computer, its time to get it up and running with an operating system (OS) so that you can start using it. First step is to make a couple of small changes in the bios to ensure that the computer will be able to read your windows CD/DVD. Then we can go on to installing an OS, be it Windows XP or Windows Vista. Once the OS is installed we just have to install the drivers for our hardware and were ready to roll with our new machine!

Installing Step 1

BIOS
Introduction The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the lowest level of software in the PC. It is located on a separate chip on the motherboard and is the first thing that is loaded when we turn the computer on. The BIOS starts by testing each component to make sure everything is operating as it should and that the computer has everything it needs to load the OS. This starting test is called the Power On Self Test, or POST. If any errors are detected during POST, the BIOS will report them either through a series of beeps or by displaying the error on the screen. usually when we talk about the BIOS we are really talking about the BIOS setup, and the interface that is used to adjust these settings. The BIOS settings are like to core values of the PC and they are used to dictate how the computer will operate at a fundamental level. To access the BIOS setup, you must press a particular key during the POST, usually this is the 'DELETE' key or the 'F2' key, depending on your motherboard. As complicated as all this may sounds, in reality we don't have to do much in the BIOS setup, almost all of the default values are fine. There are a few we need to check and may need to be adjusted before we install our OS, but after that we will rarely or never need to come back to the BIOS (unless you intend to overclock that is).

Installing Step 2

Operating System
Introduction Installing an operating system (namely windows) is a relatively easy task. It involves 'booting' the computer (which means to starting the computer from) the OS DVD which will then guide you through the installation process in a similar way to installing any piece of software. Before you start you just need to make sure that your first 'boot device' in the BIOS is set to 'CDROM' or 'DVD' so your computer knows to look on the disk before tying to boot from the hard drive.

Installing Step 3

Drivers
Introduction Drivers are like dictionaries for the operating system to translate the language of a given piece of hardware. They allow the operating system to control that component and understand the information that comes back from it. There are two ways to install drivers. The easy way is to just insert the CD's that came with the various components and let them install by themselves. Although easy, installing drivers this way can mean you get unwanted software on your system that manufacturers include in the install. Although not malicious this software will often run constantly in the background taking up memory. Installing from the CD will also mean you won't be getting the latest drivers. The second method for installing drivers is to let windows search for the drivers it needs, allowing it to only take the drivers and skip anything else. It is also recommended that you download the latest drivers from the website of the components manufacturer, often found under the 'support' or 'downloads' section of their site. The following steps will take you through this second method for installing drivers.