The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the

views or policies of the Asian Development Bank ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Introduction
The Local Self Government Department (LSGD) under the Urban Governance Department of Government of Rajasthan (GoR) is executing the Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (RUSDIP) to strengthen urban management and support for priority investments in urban infrastructure.
RUIDP Phase I: RUSDIP (RUIDP Phase II): 6 Towns (Project Completed and Closed) 15 Towns being executed under (MFF)

Expected Outcomes and Impact on Community

Improved Urban Infrastructure and Services in project towns aiming at
Growth of potential
Reduce poverty amongst vulnerable households (focus on women headed households)

Temporary Impacts on Community

loss of assets, including land and structures; loss of income or livelihood; and, collective impacts on groups, such as loss of common property resources and loss of access or limited access to such resources

Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures
Preparation of detailed design to minimize acquisition of land and other assets and to reduce any involuntary resettlement impacts. Social impact assessment (SIA) surveys were undertaken in each sub-project . Social and Resettlement Plans (SRP) - Prepared based on the results of the census and baseline socio-economic survey; The SRPs were be shared with affected persons (AP) and host communities, and revised to reflect their views. The SRPs were also translated and disclosed to APs and the general public through posters and/or resettlement information handouts. Engagement of local NGO to implement the SRP. Unforeseen impacts also have been compensated in accordance with the principles of Framework.

Approach to Gender Mainstreaming

Outputs Strengthened and expanded water supply and sanitation system
Ensure the connection of poor and women-headed households to water supply and access to sanitation services

Activities Community surveys to identify women-headed households, extent of their access to water, sanitation, health services, and other municipal services. Sources of livelihood, womens roles and participation in community activities. Focus group discussions Community awareness Awareness-raising campaigns - segregation, re-using and recycling, proper waste disposal and health with the equal participation of women and men Continue to employ women in ULB-solid waste management activities

Functioning and Efficient Solid Waste Management System in Place

Approach to Gender Mainstreaming

Outputs

Strengthening/capacity Improvement of Project ULBs in the social-inclusive and gender-sensitive provision and management of urban services

Activities Conducted training on social-inclusive and gender sensitive provision and management of urban services to all ULB officials and staff ULB service providers trained on the socialinclusive, gender sensitive provision of services in health, sanitation, water, security, among others Employment of women staff for services especially that have women clients like health and cleanliness

Heritage sites restored and preserved

Conducted training to community members, with women participating, on the maintenance and preservation of historical/heritage sites

Implementation Approach To Gender Mainstreaming

Negative impacts of female-headed households taken up on a case-to-case basis Women focus groups discussions were conducted to address specific womens issues. Ensured that socio-economic conditions, needs and priorities of women were identified and the process of land acquisition and resettlement did not disadvantage women During disbursement of compensation and provision of assistance, priority was given to female-headed households by Additional assistance of Rs. 350/- per day Joint ownership in the name of husband and wife was provided in cases of non-female-headed households.

Challenges
Challenges
Gain confidence among stakeholders/ Community
Hesitation of Women

Approach Adopted
Dissemination of information about the sub-project from initial stage and transparency Priority to women in engaging ACOs at grass root level, Engagement of social experts Focus Group Discussion or Small Group Meetings

Lack of Awareness

Public awareness campaigns Health, hygiene and HIV AIDs Conservation of available resources Focus Group Discussion regarding education, income generation activities and social security Generation of employment opportunities

Status of Women

Lessons
Effort to involve women in urban poverty reduction and improved urban services found to be missing in urban development programs until recently in Rajasthan; Project Benefits should be clear in the mind of community. Women being the chief user should be the focus of awareness to entail cooperation throughout the project duration. Girl students of the Government Schools, mostly from poor families, are found to be very effective media for awareness generation on better environment and empowerment; Income Generation Activities for women should be considered as an important component in social upliftment and empowerment to get more cooporation from women.

Way forward
Organize more programs for involving women in urban improvement programs like: Formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs); Facilitate Income Generation Activity (IGA); Organizing health & immunization camps in slum areas; Organizing regular Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with follow up activities; Water connection to each & every women headed households on priority basis; Organizing regular awareness camps in girl schools & with women groups; Encouraging women participation in ward level committees; and Developing appropriate Information Education and Communication (IEC) materials for women.