REQUIREMENTS MODELLING

(DATA FLOW DIAGRAM)

Prepared by: Nair Adarsh S.

Overview
INTRODUCTION
MODELS AND MODELING TYPES OF MODELS OVERVIEW OF MODELS MODELS CREATED BY ANALYSIS MODELS CREATED BY DESIGN

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Overview
FLOW ORIENTED MODELING
WHAT ARE DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS SYMBOLS STEPS TO CREATE A DFD QUERRY EXAMPLE

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Introduction
Vehicle of communication.
Combination of text and diagrammatic forms. Used to depict requirements. Relatively easy to understand.

Straightforward to review.

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Models and Modeling

Requirements are described as a collection of models.

Complex systems require more than one type of model.

Models represent some aspect of the system being built.

Models assist communication with system users.
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Types of Models
Different types of models are used in information systems development

Mathematical : Formulas that describe technical aspects of the system (i.e., reorder quantity)
Descriptive : Narrative memos, reports, or lists that describe aspects of the system Graphical : Diagrams and schematic representations of some aspect of the system

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Overview of Models
Analysis phase activity named define system requirements Logical models Provide detail without regard to specific technology Design phase Physical models Provide technical details Extend logical models

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Models created by Design

Screen Layout.

Report Layout.
Structure chart. Database Schema Network Diagram. Deployment Diagram
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Models created by Analysis

Event list.

Data Flow Diagram.

Entity-Relationship Model. Class Diagram Use-case Diagram Sequence Diagram.
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Flow-Oriented Modeling
Most widely used requirement analysis notations in use today.

Data Flow Diagram takes input-process-output view of the system.

Focuses on structured analysis and design. Follows top-down methodology.

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What are Data Flow Diagrams?

Data Flow Diagrams illustrates how data is processed in terms of inputs and outputs.

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Symbols

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Steps to create a DFD

The technique starts with an overall picture of the business.

Continues by analyzing each of the functional areas of interest.

The technique exploits a method called top-down expansion. The result is a series of diagrams that represent the business activities in a way that is clear and easy to communicate.

A business model comprises one or more data flow diagrams.

To be continued
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Steps to create a DFD

Initially a context diagram is drawn followed by various layers of DFD. A context diagram is a Top-level DFD. It contains only one process node in relationship to external entities.
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Example
The operations of a simple lemonade stand will be used to demonstrate the creation of dataflow diagrams.

Steps:
1. Create a list of activities
Old way: no Use-Case Diagram New way: use Use-Case Diagram

2. Construct Context Level DFD(identifies sources and sink)

3. Construct Level 0 DFD(identifies manageable sub processes ) 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD(identifies actual data flows & data stores )

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Example
Think through the activities that take place at an lemonade stand.

Steps:
1. Create a list of activities:
Customer Order. Serve Product.

Collect Payment.
Produce Product. Store Product.

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Example
Also think about the additional activities needed to support the basic activities.

Steps:
1. Create a list of activities:
Customer Order. Serve Product. 2. Additional activities: Order Raw Materials. Pay for labor. Pay for raw materials.

Collect Payment.
Produce Product. Store Product.

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Example
Group these activities in some logical fashion, possibly functional areas.

Steps:
Customer Order.
Serve Product. Collect Payment. Produce Product.

Order Raw Materials.

Pay for raw materials. Pay for labor.

Store Product.

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Create a context level diagram identifying the sources and sinks (users). Create a level 0 diagram identifying the logical subsystems that may exists. Create a level 1 diagram decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores.

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Process Decomposition
1.0 Sale 1.1 Record Order 1.2 Receive Payment

2.0 Production

2.1 Serve Product

2.2 Produce Product

2.3 Store Product

Context Level
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0.0 Lemonade System

Level 1

Level 0

3.0 Procurement

3.1 Produce Purchase Order

3.2 Receive Items

3.3 Pay Vendor

4.0 Payroll

4.1 Record Time Worked

4.2 Calculate Payroll

4.3 Pay Employe e

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ANY QUERRIES????
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THANK YOU
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