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Code No: V3220/R07

Set No: 1

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November/ December 2011 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (Electronics and Communications Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Derive the expressions for Group and Phase velocities of a transverse magnetic mode in a rectangular waveguide starting from the corresponding wave equation. b) Obtain the set of propagating modes in a rectangular waveguide of dimensions, 0.9inch x 0.4 inch at an operating frequency of 12.6 GHz. 2. a)If the z-component of the E-field of a TM mode in a rectangular waveguide is given as Ez = E0 sin (m x/a). sin (n y/b). e-jz , obtain the expression for the resonant frequency of the cavity built by placing perfect conducting plates along z-direction and perpendicular to the guide axis separated by d cm. b) Verify if a microwave signal of 3 GHz frequency is supported by an air filled cylindrical waveguide of 5 cm internal diameter. 3. a) Differentiate between the construction and principle of operation of a 4-port magic T- junction and a 4-port hybrid ring. b) Explain how inductors and capacitors can be realized in a rectangular wave guide using tuning screw and irises. 4. a) Establish the scattering matrix of an E-plain Tee junction. b) Explain how Faraday rotation principle can be used to realize a gyrator. Prove that it behaves as a nonreciprocal device. 5. a)What is velocity modulation? While explaining the principle of oscillations in a reflex Klystron, derive an expression for conversion efficiency of a reflex klystron oscillator. b) Is it possible to configure an oscillator using a Two-cavity klystron? What are the merits and demerits of such oscillator over reflex klystron oscillator? 6. a)what is mode jumping in a magnetron oscillator? Suggest methods for preventing mode jumping? b) Establish the Hull cut-off condition for anode voltage and magnetic field in a magnetron. 7. a) What are transferred electron devices? List out the conditions for RWH theory to be satisfied by a semi conductor material. b) Discuss the possibility of various modes of oscillation in a Gunn diode. c) Expand IMPATT and TRAPATT. 8. With the help of suitable measurement set up explain how measurement of the following microwave quantities can be done. a) Power b) Impedance ***** 1 of 1

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Code No: V3220/R07

Set No: 2

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November/ December 2011 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (Electronics and Communications Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Define the terms, Dominant mode and Degenerate mode with reference to a rectangular waveguide. b) Sketch the field patterns for TE10, TE12 and TM11 modes in a rectangular waveguide? c) Derive the expressions for the average power transmitted and attenuation caused by a low loss dielectric in a rectangular waveguide. 2. a) Give a brief account of the dielectric losses in a micro strip transmission line. b)A rectangular cavity resonator of dimensions (a x b x d) given as 5cm x 2cm x 15cm is filled with a dielectric of r = 2.89. Obtain the ratio of the resonant frequency with dielectric filling to resonant frequency without dielectric filling. 3. a) State the theorems that any 3-port microwave T-junction needs to satisfy. b) Explain the functioning of a 2-hole and a be the-hole directional coupler.

4. a) Listing the properties of E-plane-T and H-plane-T junctions, explain how a magic-T junction is created using E-plane and H-plane T junctions. b) With neat sketches, explain the operation of a non-reciprocal microwave gyrator. 5. a)What are reentrant cavities? List the advantages of using reentrant cavities in klystrons. b) Derive an expression for the output power and efficiency of a reflex klystron oscillator. c) Differentiate between electronic and mechanical tuning of a reflex klystron. 6. a) Explain the operation of an 8-cavity cylindrical magnetron oscillator with the help of necessary timing diagrams. b) Why a slow wave structure becomes necessary in TWT and BWO? c) What is strapping in a magnetron oscillator? 7. a)What are the modes of oscillation of a Gunn diode? Explain with necessary diagrams and conditions for oscillations. b) Explain how Transit Time is utilized in IMPATT diode to generate oscillations. List the merits and demerits of an IMPATT. 8. a) With a neat diagram of the experimental set-up, explain how the measurement of unknown impedance can be done. Specify the functionality of each and every component in the set-up. b) What is bolometer? Explain how a bolometer can be used for microwave measurements. *****

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Code No: V3220/R07

Set No: 3

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November/ December 2011 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (Electronics and Communications Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Explain why TEM mode is not possible in a rectangular waveguide. b) Define dominant mode. What is the dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide? c) A rectangular waveguide is operated in dominant mode at 10 GHz frequency. If this operating frequency needs to be 15% above the cut-off frequency of the only propagating mode and 20% below the cut-off frequency of the next higher order mode, compute the dimensions of the guide. 2. a)What is the need of cavity resonator at microwave frequencies? Explain. b) What is the dominant mode in a rectangular cavity resonator? Obtain the expression for its resonating frequency in dominant mode. c) Define Effective Dielectric constant and Q-factor of a cavity resonator. 3. a) With the help of necessary diagrams explain how waveguide discontinuities can be configured as irises and matched loads. b) Describe the principle of operation and power coupling mechanism in a 2-hole directional coupler with neat diagrams. 4. a) List the characteristics of a Magic-T junction and establish the scattering matrix for Magic-T junction based on the properties of s-parameters. b) Why is an isolator referred to as a non-reciprocal device? With the help of a neat sketch explain the functioning of an isolator. 5. a) Describe the basic principle of operation of a 2-cavity klystron amplifier. Derive the expression for the depth of velocity modulation. b)A 2-cavity klystron amplifier operated at 1200 Volt beam voltage has a cavity gap spacing of 0.9mm and inter-cavity spacing of 4 cm. Calculate the voltage gain and efficiency of the tube if the beam current and equivalent shunt resistance are 30mA and 32K respectively.

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6. a) Establish the Hull-cutoff condition in an 8-cavity cylindrical magnetron. Derive the expressions for Hull-cutoff parameters. b) Explain the amplification process in a Travelling Wave Tube specifying the four modes of propagation supported by the tube. 7. a) Justify the classification of IMPATT under Avalanche Transit Time devices. b)Explain 2-valley theory in GaAs material resulting in weak Gunn oscillations. 8. a) List out the necessary precautions for setting a reflex klystron based microwave bench for lab measurements. b) With a suitable diagram of microwave bench set-up using slotted line, explain how VSWR for a given load can be measured. ***** 1 of 1

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Code No: V3220/R07

Set No: 4

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November/ December 2011 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (Electronics and Communications Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. a) Write the expressions for the following and sketch their variation as a function of frequency in a rectangular waveguide. i). Group and Phase Velocities, ii). Wave Impedances of TE and TM waves b) Obtain the expressions for all the non-zero field components of TE10 mode in a rectangular waveguide if the E-field component along the narrower dimension is given by Ey = E0 sin(x/a). e-jz c) What are degenerate modes? Define for a rectangular waveguide. 2. a) Substantiate the following statements for a circular waveguide. i). TEM mode is impossible. ii). TM110 is dominant if the diameter of the cavity resonator is greater than the height of the cavity. b) Find the characteristic impedance of a micro-strip transmission line listing the relevant expressions for the following specifications: dielectric substrate height = 0.24mm; r = 4.8; micro-strip width = 0.30mm. 3. a) Describe various methods to realize Attenuators in rectangular waveguides with the help of necessary diagrams. b) Illustrate how probe an/d loop coupling can excite TE20 and TM11 modes in a rectangular waveguide. 4. a) State the principle of Faraday rotation. Explain how it can be used to construct a circulator. b) Establish the S-matrix for a 2-hole, 3-port directional coupler with its 4th port terminated suitably. 5. a) Show that the maximum conversion efficiency of a reflex klystron is 22.78%. Establish the conditions for oscillations with the help of its apple-gate diagram. b) Explain how a reflex klystron can be mechanically tuned. 6. a)What are slow wave structures? Explain the need of a slow wave structure in a Travelling Wave Tube amplifier. b) What is mode jumping? Suggest methods to prevent mode jumping in -mode of oscillation of a magnetron. 7. a)Explain RWH theory for generating natural mode of oscillations in a Gunn diode. b) What are delayed-domain and quenched-domain modes of Gunn oscillations? c) Explain briefly the principle of oscillations in an IMPATT diode. 8. With the help of necessary experimental set up, describe the measurement of following microwave parameters: a) VSWR, b) Unknown load impedance. ***** 1 of 1

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