finance

Definitions (2)
1. A branch of economics concerned with resource allocation as well as resource management, acquisition and investment. Simply, finance deals with matters related to money and the markets. 2. To raise money through the issuance and sale of debt and/or equity. Read more: http://www.investorwords.com/1940/finance.html#ixzz1ny8ZKkgW

Capital budgeting (or investment appraisal) is the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth pursuing. It is budget for major capital, or investment, expenditures.

Cost of capital is the min rate of return to a firm in its invt.

Definition of 'Term Loan'

A loan from a bank for a specific amount that has a specified repayment schedule and a floating interest rate. Term loans almost always mature between one and 10 years.

Financial Leverage Ratio = total debt / shareholders equity.

international business

Definitions (2)
1. The exchange of goods and services among individuals and businesses in multiple countries. 2. A specific entity, such as a multinational corporation or international business company that engages in business among multiple countries. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/internationalbusiness.html#ixzz1nyKqAtA6

AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS
This handout deal with certain provisions related to Audit of Accounts like Necessity of audit, Appointment and remuneration of Statutory Auditor along with their powers, duties and removal etc. and various other connected audits like Cost Audit and Special Audits are also dealt with in this handout. Other features of this handout are: 1. Audit of accounts is compulsory for all types of companies 2. Appointment of Auditors 3. Intimation as to appointment 4. Written certificate from auditor regarding eligibility must be obtained before appointment of auditor at the annual general meeting by a public limited company 5. Limit of Audit 6. Appointment of auditor by the Central Government (Regional Director) 7. Casual Vacancy in the office of Auditor 8. Appointment of other than a retiring auditor 9. Removal of auditors 10. Remuneration of Auditors 11. Internal auditor cannot be appointed as statutory auditor(s) 12.Powers and duties of auditors 13.Qualifications and disqualifications of auditors

What is infrastructure Bonds

1. Infrastructure bonds are those bonds the proceeds of which are invested by the company in the infrastructure facilities of the country. Such bonds carries a fixed rate of interest to be paid at the time of maturity.

Today these bonds have become a tool of tax planning. If a person is investing in infrastructure

bonds, he / she will be eligible for deduction upto maximum of Rs.20,000.00 every financial year.

2. Infrastructure bonds are long term investment bonds issued by any non banking financial company like Industrial Finance Corporation of India or IDF. These companies are an ombudsman borrowing from the investors and lending to the government. These bonds are used to fund government's infrastructure projects. Thus an individual is directly helping in nation development. There is an additional advantage of tax benefit under the 80CCF 1981 to the tune of 20000 rupees. The highest tax payers regardless of age bracket can invest in these plans. These bonds have a maturity period of 10 to 15 years. After say 5 years one can use the option of buy back or he can always enjoy the interest annually or compounded interest at the end of the period. You need a pan card, address proof and demat account to apply.

3.

Infrastructure Bonds are the bonds which are issued to develop the infrastructure across the country - like Highway Projects, Railway Projects, Development of Airports etc.

There is a tax benefit up to Rs. 20,000 under section 80 C if we invest in these bonds.