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What is ARTTM ?
ARTTM is a more low frequency, wide-band method than traditional ultrasonics ARTTM, or Acoustic Resonance Technology, has been developed by DNV since 1992. Basic technology principles have been known since 1946 Core technology patented by DNV ARTTM utilizes half-wave frequency principles ARTTM comprises <100 times more acoustic energy compared to traditional ultrasonics Unique characterizing and penetration capabilities are offered through use of longer wavelengths as given by the lower frequency range
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ART method
Broad band, wide beam, low frequency (<2MHz) acoustic energy
UTM
ART
z1
d= nc 2 f1 d= nc 2 f2
z2
Transmitted and reflected energy
d=
ct 2
Steel plate
Resonance modes
- Short wavelengths results in poor penetration. - Increasing wavelengths enables increasing ability of penetration.
z3
f2
f1
- In ART measurements, a footprint of a certain area is insonified, and resonances created. The re-radiated energy spectra comprises all information of the area. - Analysis of this resonant energy is basis for ART algorithms.
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 27 October 2008 Slide 3
The pitting size possible to detect (area) is a function of the specific transducer system; Increasing dynamic range results in increased capability of detecting, and measuring small pittings
With existing laboratory equipment pitting/corrosion with diameter of about 1mm has been detected, while pitting with diameter 4mm has been measured (pitting depth/remaining wall thickness). Corresponding thickness resolution for steel is about 0.1mm with existing laboratory equipment.
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ARTTM Monitoring
ART is very well suited for monitoring purposes with fixed sensors, since the ART algorithms are extremely sensitive to changes in material parameters, corrosion and changes of the medium inside the pipe (including delamination). Also each sensor could be designed to cover a relatively large area, typically 20 100mm, which makes it possible to keep under surveillance large areas with a limited number of sensors.
Examples of monitoring: Corrosion Delamination Hydrate build up Material deterioration MEG concentration Water ingress
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 27 October 2008
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ART Freshwater piping scanner Scanning of cast iron piping ART Riser Scanning Inspection of neoprene / rubber coated risers in splash zone without need for coating removal ART Interactive 3D SW on-line reporting ART Hull scanning of e.g. FPSO / FSO
ART Hand held inspection tool (thickness, water in insulation, hydrate detection etc.)
ART Oil & Gas Pipeline scanning Deepwater TLP tether / composite riser - Acoustic characterization of epoxy tether strand with embedded carbon fibres
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 27 October 2008 Slide 6
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Umbilical
Oil
Acoustic positioning system ART transducer array
Power unit Navigation Computer Operator Panel
Sludge
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3D REPORTING SW
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 27 October 2008 Slide 9
Distance plot of the same pipe section (shows rust nodules and also the indicate how the skanner has moved through the pipe
Pitting indication plot of the same section, yellow means inside pitting, light blue indicate outside pitting.
Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 27 October 2008 Slide 10
Red, magenta and black line show half wave resonances of the steel plate.
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Thickness measurements through 50mm, 3 layer coating Outer: 3 layer coating 50 mm Inner: Steel pipe, 13 mm
Amplitude [V]
200
600
800
1000
Amplitude [V]
160
180
200
240
260
280
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Four different projects has been carried out: 1. 2. 3. 4. Hydrate detection (Statoil). Field test has been carried out at Krst. Oil detection. Water ingress (Gassco). Two field tests have been carried out at Krst. MEG detection (Statoil). The method has been qualified in the laboratory for measuring the percentage MEG in a pipe with an accuracy of +/-2.5% when sound velocity measurements have been combined with ART in the range 0 40% MEG and with an accuracy of +/-10% if the MEG content is higher than 40%.
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User interface
- Water Ingress Detection result displayed on PDA or laptop
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The majority of sheetings encountered during test were outside the operating specifications of the Water Ingress Detector transducer i.e. the sheetings were thinner than specifications Nevertheless we were able to successfully detect water ingress Evidence too that we can detect corrosion arising from earlier water ingress
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13 12
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10