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SPRING 2012
SOURCE ROCKS - A
Definition Of Source Rock Carbon Cycle Types Of Organic Matters Chemistry Of Organic Matter Deposition Of Organic Matter Maturation Of Organic Matter
The carbon cycle is the cycling of carbon from the inorganic carbon dioxide reservoir of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, through life processes (reduction) into organic materials, and then back again through degradation processes (oxidation) into the carbon dioxide reservoir organic matter distribution and productivity in the organic carbon cycle.
Most oil is biological in origin and derived from organic matter in sediments.
Marine organic matter is formed in the photic zone by phytoplankton (primary producers) that fix carbon through photosynthesis.
The highest productivity occurs in the uppermost 50 m of the ocean, declining with depth as sunlight penetration decreases.
The organisms reduce the organic content of the sediments because most of the organic matter is digested. Bioturbation may stir up the sediments and allow exposure to oxygenbearing bottom water. If the water is stagnant, with little (dysaerobic or suboxic) or no (anaerobic) oxygen, more organic matter can be preserved.
SILLED BASINS, ENCLOSED SEAS (< 2 > 10% OM) High productivity Clays Often anoxic Can produce highly favorable source rocks
EPEIRIC (EPICONTINENTAL) SEAS (< 1 - > 10%) Muddy sediments Can be very favourable if circulation is restricted
Metagenesis